Evaluation des caractéristiques, morphologiques physico-chimiques et sensorielles de la purée de deux variétés de tomates locales produites à petite échelle à Man (Côte d’Ivoire)

Cette étude découle d’un vaste projet de production sur différents substrats (hors sol, plein champs) et de valorisation de la tomate, dans la région montagneuse de Man. Aussi, ces expériences, qui s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la valorisation par la transformation des fruits de la production, ont-elles été menées dans l’optique d’évaluer les caractéristiques morphologiques, physico-chimiques et sensorielles des fruits et de la purée des deux variétés de tomates produites. Il s’agit de la tomate traditionnelle (Tmt 1), variété la plus utilisée dans les ménages ruraux de la région montagneuse de Man et la tomate (Tmt 2), d’usage commun pour les plats de salades en zone urbaine. Cette dernière se reconnaît par ses fruits de forme allongée (Cf= 1,93±0,10> 1), de couleur rouge et moins foncée (Couleur ΔE 26,5±0,00) que la première variété (Couleur ΔE 30,3±0,00). Avec des taux de matière sèche différents ; (11,93±0,49% pour la purée de tomate Tmt 1 et de 8,81±0,52% pour la purée de tomate Tmt2, les purées qui en sont produites ont des teneurs très importantes en minéraux. Ces taux élevés pourraient ainsi permettre de compenser des carences en nutriments des populations de la zone. De plus, les pH aussi bas (3,93±0,00) pour la purée de Tmt1 et 4,13±0,01 pour celle de Tmt2, confèrent une acidité élevée à ces purées et donc une meilleure conservation. Le traitement thermique appliqué au produit à 80 °C pendant 15 Minutes garantit à la purée une bonne stabilité microbiologique conforme à la norme AFNOR (NFV-08-402). L’analyse sensorielle, basée sur les critères de la couleur (rouge), le goût salé, l’acidité et la consistance révèle que la purée produite à partir de la tomate Tmt1 est la plus appréciée des dégustateurs.Mots clés : Tomate, Morphologie, purées, physico-chimique, Man, Côte d’Ivoir

Some Optical Properties of (ZnTe) Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Evaporation Technique on a Glass Substrate

Thin films of Zinc telluride (ZnTe)were deposited by thermal evaporation technique on a glass substrate. The optical obtained data were analyzed using a numerical analysis program which showed that the transition mechanism involved indirectly allows transition since the best line dependence is obtained from a plot of 0.5 ( ) h versus photon energy ( ) h . The bandgap decreased from 1.15 to 0.96 eV as the substrate temperature varied from 410 to 510 K. Such behaviour is attributed to unsaturated defects, which are confirmed by XRD examinations. PACS:78.20.Ci, 71.30.+h, 72.90. +

CDIO project on MaViCo heat compress for tackwondo players

Taekwondo is a traditional Korean martial arts sport which is currently practiced by many countries around the world. As claimed by the International Olympics Committee (2015), this sport made its debut in 1988 as a demonstration of Olympic sport in Korea and became an official medal sport in Sydney, Australia in the year 2000. The art of taekwondo develops posture, graceful movement, excellent coordination, and attention to detail. As a martial arts sport, taekwondo is characterized by its emphasis on dynamic techniques for taking mobile stances, speed, flexibility, and endurance in order to perform the whole process perfectly. Thus, athletes are required to have control over their shoulders, back, hips, knees, ankles, and feet when practicing this sport

Anemia in Kassala Area Eastern Sudan

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the types and the ways of diagnosis of anemia at Kassala region, Sudan.MethodsIn this study we examined and investigate 210 patients with anemia.Full blood cell count including peripheral picture, blood film for malaria, urine analysis and stool examination were done for every patient.Bone marrow aspiration was done for patients with splenomegaly with or without pancytopenia and or presence of immature cells in the peripheral blood. Serum iron and serum ferritin, for confirmation of iron deficiency were measured in some patients.ResultsOut of all patients, 45(21%) had chronic illness, 42(20%) had history of repeated attacks of malaria and 3(18%) patients had nutritional anemia.Sixty three (30%) patients presented with severe anemia, 32(15%) with mild anemia and 115(55%) with moderate anemia. Eighty patients presented with enlarge spleen. 26 (33%) out of the latter group had features of hypersplenism.ConclusionCommon causes of anemia in this area were chronic illness, followed by nutritional and repeated malaria infection. Splenomegaly and  hypersplenism are common. We recommended that full blood count, peripheral blood picture and estimation of serum iron andserum ferritin should be performed for every anaemic patient. Blood film for malaria should be done for every anaemic patient and negative films should be repeated by immunochromatography test for plasmodium falciparum and vivax.Keywords: Splenomegaly, hypersplenism, immunochromatography, malaria

Preliminary study of malaria incidence in Nouakchott, Mauritania

Background: Malaria is one of the main motives for outpatient consultation and hospitalization in Mauritania. However, its incidence remains unclear because of diagnostic problems and insufficient epidemiological data. Methods: Between April and August 2007, a study on malaria incidence was carried out in Nouakchott city. A total of 237 febrile outpatients, from all Nouakchott districts, attending the two main hospitals of the city were investigated. Finger prick and blood dried filter paper samples were performed to prepare thick and thin films and nested-PCR for malaria parasite species identification and density. The accuracy of diagnosis of 'presumptive malaria', assigned by clinicians and based on fever and other malaria suggestive symptoms, was assessed. Entomological investigations based on morphological and molecular characterization of Anopheline species were conducted in Dar Naim district. Results: Malaria prevalence rate was 25.7% (61/237), the majority of positive blood slides as well as nested-PCR products were due to Plasmodium vivax 70.5% (43/61) and Plasmodium ovale 24.6% (15/61). Two malaria patients, both with P. vivax, have never travelled out of Nouakchott and seem likely to have been autochthonous (3.3%). Of the 237 individuals included in the survey, 231(97.5%) were clinically diagnosed and treated as malaria cases. 26.4% of clinically diagnosed cases were positive for Plasmodium using microscopic examination and PCR. Thus, false positive cases constituted 73.6% (170/231) of the clinically diagnosed malaria cases. The search for mosquito vectors in Dar Naim district allowed morphological and molecular identification of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles pharoensis. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that, during the hot and dry season, Plasmodium species responsible of recurrent malaria (P. vivax and P. ovale) are the dominant species in Nouakchott city and autochthonous malaria cases exist but are rare. Clinical diagnosis of malaria has a very low positive predicted value. The systematic use of microscopy-based diagnosis and/or rapid diagnostic tests should be considered to appropriately manage malaria and non-malaria cases

Distribution, host preference and infection rates of malaria vectors in Mauritania

This study reports for the first time on the distribution, host preference and infection rates of malaria vectors in Mauritania. It was conducted during an outbreak of Rift valley fever. Three anopheline species were reported. An. arabiensis was the predominant species observed in all regions whereas An. pharoensis and An. funestus were observed along the south border in the Senegal River valley where extensive irrigation schemes are present. The distribution limits of anopheline species were observed from the Senegal River basin in the Trarza region up to the south limit of the Saharan desert in Tidjikja city. Overall, all An. funestus and An. pharoensis were fed respectively on human and ovine hosts whereas the mean anthropophilic rate of An. gambiae s.l. was 53%. A low Plasmodium falciparum infection rate was observed for species of the An. gambiae complex (0.17%) represented mainly by An. arabiensis. Because of the specific nature of this investigation, longitudinal studies are essential to better characterize the malaria vectors and their respective role in malaria transmission

L’efficacité de la règlementation prudentielle à la lumière des accords de Bâle : cas des banques de la zone UEMOA

L'objectif principal de cet article consiste à étudier l’efficacité de la règlementation prudentielle en analysant la relation entre les normes Bâloises et le risque de défaillance des banques dans la zone UEMOA. Nous voulons prouver l’existence d’une relation négative et significative entre les accords de Bâle et le risque de faillite des banques. Notre étude porte sur 164 banques observées sur la période de 2000 à 2020. Les données sont issues des bases de données de la BCEAO du WDI. L’approche méthodologique sera l’analyse de survie avec les méthodes non paramétriques, semi-paramétriques et paramétriques. Les résultats des estimations du modèle de Cox par la méthode de maximum de vraisemblance partielle montrent que les ratios en terme de capitalisation et de liquidité sont efficaces pour réduire le risque de défaillance des banques de l’UEMOA. La valeur de notre recherche se situe dans l’étude d’un domaine peu ou pas exploré car c’est à partir du 1er janvier 2018 que les établissements financiers sont soumis à cette nouvelle réglementation. L’intérêt de l’étude se situe surtout sur les fonds propres et la liquidité