Combined effects of a circuit training programme and honey supplementation on immune functions in young males

INTRODUCTION: Besides physical activity, immune level can be enhanced and maintained through adequate nutritional intake. To date, little is lmown about combination effects of exercise and honey supplementation on immune functions in young males. PURPOSE: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of a combined circuit training programmne and honey supplementation on immune functions in young males. METHODS : Forty young male subjects were assigned into four groups, with ten subjects per group (n=lO): sedentary without honey supplementation control (C), sedentary with honey supplementation (H), circuit training programme without honey supplementation (Ex), circuit training programme with honey supplementation (HEx) groups. Circuit training programme was performed by the subjects three times per week for six weeks. Tualang Honey was consumed by the subjects at a dosage of20 g diluted in 300 ml of plain water per day, seven days per week for six weeks in (H) and (HEx) groups. Subjects in (HEx) consumed honey drink 30 minutes before performing exercise. Immediately before six weeks of experimental period, subjects' anthropometry parameters were measured. Blood samples were taken before and after experimental period in order to measure white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophil, and natural killer cells to determine the level of immune functions. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in white blood cells and lymphocytes in C, H, Ex and HEx groups. In H, Ex and HEx, there were significant higher INTRODUCTION: Besides physical activity, immune level can be enhanced and maintained through adequate nutritional intake. To date, little is lmown about combination effects of exercise and honey supplementation on immune functions in young males. PURPOSE: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of a combined circuit training programmne and honey supplementation on immune functions in young males. METHODS : Forty young male subjects were assigned into four groups, with ten subjects per group (n=lO): sedentary without honey supplementation control (C), sedentary with honey supplementation (H), circuit training programme without honey supplementation (Ex), circuit training programme with honey supplementation (HEx) groups. Circuit training programme was performed by the subjects three times per week for six weeks. Tualang Honey was consumed by the subjects at a dosage of20 g diluted in 300 ml of plain water per day, seven days per week for six weeks in (H) and (HEx) groups. Subjects in (HEx) consumed honey drink 30 minutes before performing exercise. Immediately before six weeks of experimental period, subjects' anthropometry parameters were measured. Blood samples were taken before and after experimental period in order to measure white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophil, and natural killer cells to determine the level of immune functions. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in white blood cells and lymphocytes in C, H, Ex and HEx groups. In H, Ex and HEx, there were significant highe

Pemetaan batimetri lantai laut cetek Delta Sungai Kelantan, Malaysia hingga pelantar benua, Laut China Selatan

Pemetaan dengan menggunakan kaedah pantulan bunyi telah menemukan satu permukaan lantai laut yang unik dengan ciri morfologi yang pelbagai bermula dari kawasan pesisir laut cetek Delta Sungai Kelantan hingga ke pelantar benua Laut China Selatan. Morfologi lantai laut menunjukkan peningkatan sehingga 38 m ke arah pelantar benua. Empat rentasan lantai laut menunjukkan kemiringan yang kurang daripada 1° dengan nilai antara 0.05° dan 0.57°, menunjukkan penurunan yang sekata sehingga pelantar benua. Suatu tindakan mekanisme pencetus telah menyebabkan fenomena lompatan hidraulik berlaku dan membentuk ketakseragaman morfologi lantai laut dan menghasilkan satu lohong hitam sedalam 26 m dari lantai laut sekitarnya dan pembentukan satu beting pasir yang mempunyai ketinggian sehingga 8 m dari permukaan laut dengan keluasan sekitar 9 km2. Penentuan fenomena yang terhasil dikukuhkan dengan penemuan empat kontur tertutup yang dikenal pasti sebagai kaviti kecil di tiga kawasan yang berbeza. Kesemua fitur dan perubahan morfologi yang berlaku di kawasan lantai laut ini terhasil daripada jatuhan air dari mulut Sungai Kelantan yang berterusan dengan kadar kelajuan berbeza bergantung kepada pelepasan air dan musim monsun

Pencirian mikroskopi butiran kuarza laut cetek muara Sungai Kelantan hingga pelantar benua Laut China Selatan, Semenanjung Malaysia

Pencirian butiran kuarza berskala mikro dengan menggunakan mikroskop pengimbas elektron (SEM) menemukan beberapa jenis kuarza yang mempunyai tekstur dan morfologi butiran kuarza berbeza. Penggunaan kaedah ini telah berjaya mengenal pasti enam jenis butiran kuarza iaitu kuarza jenis A, B, C, D, E dan F. Pengelasan dibuat berdasarkan tekstur dan morfologi butiran yang menggambarkan sejarah pengangkutan (proses mekanik) dan pengendapan yang telah dilalui oleh butiran kuarza tersebut. Keenam-enam jenis kuarza tersebut diterbitkan oleh dua faktor geologi iaitu genetik butiran kuarza dan proses mekanik semasa pengangkutan. Hasil daripada pembahagian faktor ini, dua wilayah taburan jenis butiran kuarza telah dikenal pasti iaitu wilayah I dan wilayah II. Wilayah I mencirikan kuarza yang mengalami proses mekanik lemah sehingga sederhana dan dikenal pasti sebagai sedimen Resen yang diangkut melalui Sungai Kelantan sebelum dienapkan ke dalam kawasan lembangan Laut China Selatan. Sedimen Resen ini menunjukkan tekstur permukaan yang tidak kasar dicirikan oleh tanda V berdiameter 2 μm dan lelasan yang tinggi pada permukaan kuarza dan morfologi yang bulat hingga hampir sfera

Long range channel characteristics through foliage

Long Range Low Power Wide Area Network (LoRa LPWAN) technology is unique and remarkable technology because of its long-range coverage, low power consumption and low cost system architecture. These features have allowed Lora LPWAN to become a favorable option for performing communication in most of IoT wireless applications. In this paper, the foliage effect has been studied in terms of attenuation and its overall contribution to the path-loss and link budget calculations. Specifically, 5 tree types were studied and their contribution to the path loss were quantified for different path crossings (e.g., trunk, tree-top and branches). The trees are Licuala Grandis, Mimusops Elengi, Mangifera Indica, Cyrtostachys Renda and Livistona Chinensis. Mimusops Elengi tree gave the strongest mean foliage attenuation accumulating up to 20 dB, due to its big size and crown density. Trunks contribute even higher attenuation in comparison to tree-tops and branches. The Okumura/Hata, Log-normal shadowing and foliage models are used as references for this propagation models development in this paper. Our study showed that Okumura fails to capture the effect of foliage in an environment rich in trees and biodiversity. This demonstrates the need for considering the tropical environment where the characterization of foliage attenuation plays an important role in determining the propagation model path-loss and link budget needed for network design and planning

Hand Parameters And Walking Stick Design: A Case Study Among Elderly Malaysians

According to the World Bank, in 2015, the elderly population reaches 8.5% of the world's population. This number grows at 0.13% per annum. In Malaysia, the growth reaches 0.2% of this population annually. Assistive tools such as a walking stick to support the elderly people have become necessary. However, much uncertainty still exists about the relation between the walking stick design and the Malaysian elderly. The objectives of the study were to measure hand dimension and hand grip strength of Malaysian elderly and to relate the hand dimension with the walking sticks being used. There were 50 Malaysian elderly participated in this study and three designs of walking stick available in the market were tested. The first design (handle A) was round and padded, the second design (handle B) was rectangular curve and the third design (Handle C) was round curve. Statistical analysis between hand size and hand surface area shows a linear relationship with R2 = 54% and significant with p-value < 0.05. As for the relationship between the contact area of stick handle and hand size, a linear relationship was found with R2 = 53.3% for handle A, R2 = 46.5% for handle B, and R2 = 36.6% for handle C. This study concluded that the walking stick with high contact area provides better grip and comfort

Comparison of green design strategies in five traditional Malay houses

The traditional Malay house architecture is undoubtedly one of the ideal green ideal design concepts that can be applied in Malaysian housing development for sustainability. Not only does it have unique features that symbolize national identity, but it is also an important example with various design strategies for habitable space based on local climate and sociocultural aspects. Nowadays, Malaysia’s construction sector has changed due to modernization and being replaced and disintegrated by modern influences. Thus, it erodes the values of the existing green design approaches commonly found in the design of traditional Malay house architecture, that respond well to the local sociocultural and climate conditions. The objective of this study is to identify the green approaches in traditional Malay houses in Malaysia. This study used a qualitative approach, which is a combination of literature studies and site observations. For the site observations approach, it limited to traditional Malay houses from five out of eleven states in Peninsular Malaysia. The investigated traditional Malay houses are from Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Terengganu, and Kelantan. The findings of the study show that the architecture of these traditional Malay houses have many green design strategies which prove the sustainability aspect exist in all investigated traditional Malay houses. Thus, this study lists 22 of typically found green design strategies in traditional Malay houses and it can be used as reference or guideline for designing homes in Malaysia

Enam elemen Aristotle dalam teater Menunggu Lampu Hijau

Kajian ini membincangkan enam elemen Aristotle dalam teater Menunggu Lampu Hijau karya Hatta Azad Khan. Teater Menunggu Lampu Hijau mula dipentaskan pada tahun 2013 dan diterbitkan oleh Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka pada tahun 2015. Teater ini telah dipentaskan lebih tiga kali dan merupakan monodrama yang paling banyak dipentaskan berulangkali. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengupas struktur dalaman teater ini bersandarkan ‘enam elemen drama’ yang dikemukan oleh Aristotle. Enam elemen tersebut merangkumi tema, plot, bahasa, watak dan perwatakan, muzik serta unsur kekaguman. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah kaedah kualitatif untuk memperolehi data bagi artikel ini. Kaedah kepustakaan digunakan untuk meneliti bahan-bahan bercetak dan digital. Selain itu, kaedah analisis kandungan diaplikasi untuk meneliti sumber primer iaitu teater Menunggu Lampu Hijau yang dipentaskan di Panggung Seni, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, pada Oktober 2018. Hasil kajian mendapati kehadiran enam elemen yang menjadi kekuatan struktur teater ini. Sesebuah karya sastera bertunjangkan kepada tema dan plot yang sememangnya berkait rapat dengan struktur pembinaan karya sastera. Elemen bahasa, watak dan perwatakan merupakan elemen yang menggerakkan dan menyampaikan mesej dalam pementasan teater tersebut. Penggunaan muzik dan unsur kekaguman dapat membantu menarik perhatian penonton dan mempengaruhi mereka terhadap pementasan pementasan teater tersebut

A study on customer satisfaction towards Pos Malaysia service during pandemic Covid-19

University students were among those who had to study at home using online platforms, and they were strong Internet users during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, since COVID-19, the usage of the Internet and online transactions has become crucial. Hence, there is no doubt that the number of e-commerce platform users has increased, and online purchasing has expanded tremendously at the time. As online shopping grows in popularity, so do parcel and service delivery companies like Pos Malaysia Berhad. Pos Malaysia Berhad is a Malaysian courier company that provides services such as delivery, letter delivery, communication, financial, and supply chain management. Postal and courier services are one of the rapidly growing service businesses. On the other hand, customers struggle to find satisfaction when using the Pos Malaysia service. This study aimed to measure customer satisfaction with Pos Malaysia’s service quality. The quantitative design was used, and 110 undergraduates from public universities that use Pos Malaysia services were selected for this study, utilizing a convenience sample technique. The variables explored in this study include price, timely delivery, and response. The statistics package for social science (SPSS) software was used to analyze the data, which comprised descriptive and correlation analyses. According to the findings, customer satisfaction in Pos Malaysia is reasonable. However, service quality in Pos Malaysia is mediocre. Overall, the study found fairly significant relationships between customer happiness and the quality of services provided by Pos Malaysia

The effects of Vitex trifolia, Strobilanthes crispus and Aloe vera herbal-mixed dietary supplementation on growth performance and disease resistance in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)

Herbs and herb mixtures have been used as a growth promotant in livestock and aquaculture production. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a dietary herbal mix comprised of Vitex trifolia (VTE), Strobilanthes crispus (SCE) and Aloe vera (AVE) on the growth performance, disease resistance and histology of Oreochromis sp. for 60 days. The fishes were divided into i) control, infected fish, fed with normal diet and infected fishes treated with different herbal-mixed supplementation diets of ii) VTE and SCE iii) SCE and AVE iv) AVE and VTE. All experimental groups were challenged using with Streptococcus agalactiae (1 × 107 cfu/mL) via intraperitoneal route on day 46. On day 46th (pre-challenge) and 60th (post-challenge), five fish were randomly chosen from each tank for each experimental and control groups to blood collection. The cumulative mortality and survival rate were assessed every day. Tissues from kidney, liver and spleen were examined. The fish supplemented with herbal-mix with the combination of VTE and SCE and AVE and VTE showed improved growth performance. For haematological assays, RBC, Hb, and WBC were higher (P<0.05) in fish supplemented with these herb mix, while the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly affected by mixed-herbal supplementation. Histopathological examination of the organs revealed no negative effects in tissues. In conclusion, this study suggested that methanolic extracts of herbal mix composed of V. trifolia, S. crispus and A. vera extracts were effective as growth promoters and bacterial disease treatment in Oreochromis sp. when supplemented in daily diet

Taburan geokimia unsur sedimen kuaterner laut cetek muara Sungai Kelantan hingga ke pelantar Laut China Selatan, Semenanjung Malaysia

Analisis geokimia menggunakan kaedah ICP-MS menunjukkan taburan geokimia unsur di kawasan kajian dipengaruhi oleh dua asalan sedimen berbeza iaitu daripada marin dan daratan. Unsur Ca dan Mg dikenal pasti sebagai unsur marin, manakala unsur Al, Fe, Mn, Na, Cu, Cr, Zn dan Ni dikenal pasti sebagai unsur daratan. Unsur Ca dan Mg dikenal pasti terhasil daripada proses penyahkapuran rangka dan hidupan marin seperti cengkerang moluska dan foraminifera. Unsur benua berasal daripada granit dari Gunung Korbu dan Gunung Stong yang disaliri oleh Sungai Nenggiri dan Sungai Galas, serta batuan argilit arenit yang berasal dari bahagian selatan dan tenggara Negeri Kelantan dari Gunung Cintawangsa dan Gunung Stong dan disaliri oleh Sungai Lebir dan Sungai Galas. Unsur daripada batuan induk membebaskan unsur kimia semasa luluhawa kimia dan telah dijerap oleh cas-cas negatif pada permukaan sedimen halus seperti lempung dan lodak sebelum dimendapkan bersama di dalam kawasan kajian