The relationship between body image and marital adjustment in infertile women

Introduction: Body image is one of the most important issues in women's mental health and due to its relationship with physical, cognitive and emotional aspects of women’s life; it can predict their healthy or unhealthy behaviors. According to some research reports, women’s negative or positive body image can affect their marital relationships. Considering the impact of infertility on both body image and marital adjustment and the lack of evidence regarding the relationship of these two variables in infertility, this study aimed to investigate the relationship of body image with marital adjustment in infertile women in 2010 in Mashhad. Methods: This correlational study was carried out on 130 infertile women referred to Montaserie Infertility Research Center in Mashhad who were selected through convenient sampling. Research tools were consisted of valid and reliable demographic questionnaire including personal and infertility-related information, modified Younesi Body Image Questionnaire and Spanier marital adjustment scale (DAS) which were completed by subjects. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS software (version 15/5) using t-tests, one way ANOVA, and Spearman and Pearson correlation test. Results: 93/1% of women reported positive body image and 76/9% had high marital adjustment. There was a direct correlation between the overall score of body image with marital adjustment (P<0/001). There was also a direct correlation between the scores of body image subscales including body in loneliness (P= 0/001), real body (P=0/014), public image of body (P=0/016), spouse image of body (P<0/001) and spouse family image of body (P<0/001) with marital adjustment. However, this relationship was not observed between the subscale of ideal body and marital adjustment. Conclusion: The presence of a direct correlation between body image and marital adjustment could guide developing educational or counseling programs particularly for infertile women who suffer from marital disputes. Keywords: Body image, Marital adjustment, Infertilit

Effects of single and combined supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum with dietary xylooligosaccharide on growth performance, body composition and physiological responses of sobaity (Sparidentex hasta) fingerling

The aim of this study was to evaluate the single and combined effects of dietary probiotic with prebiotic on growth performance, non-specific immune response, body composition, digestive enzymes activity and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity fingerling (Sparidentex hasta). For this purpose, 425 individuals of sobaity fingerlings were prepared with an average weight of 7.64 ± 0.3 g from the Mariculture Research Station of South Iranian Aquaculture Research Center. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications (45 fish per each replication) in fiberglass tanks with 300 liters volume. Fish were fed with feed containing 0 (control group), 10^6 CFU probiotic per gram feed (treatment 1), 0.5 and 1 percent prebiotic plus10^6 CFU probiotic per gram feed (treatment 2 and 3) at 4.5 percent of body weight for a period of 42 days. At the end of the experiment, body composition, intestine, blood, plasma and mucus samples were collected. The obtained results indicated that dietary prebiotic and probiotic did not change growth performance, intestine bacterial flora and non-specific immune response of sobaity (P > 0.05). Nonetheless, plasma bactericidal activity of control group was significantly higher that treatment 3 (P < 0.05). Moisture and protein content of treatment 2 showed significant different compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The results of this study showed that digestive enzymes activity including alkaline protease, amylse and lipase affected by administration of dietary prebiotic and probiotic (P < 0.05). Overall, this study showed that single supplementation of probiotic and combination with prebiotic at the used amounts had no positive effects on growth performance and intestine bacterial flora and immune response (except plasma bactericidal activity) of sobaity but improve digestive enzymes activity

Dietary intake and lifestyle behavior in different phenotypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a case-control study

Objective: To compare dietary intake and lifestyle behaviour in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and healthy women. Methods: 160 healthy women (partner with male infertility) were recruited to a control group; 168 women with PCOS (diagnosed on ultrasound) were recruited to a case study group for this cross-sectional comparative study. The case group was classified into three phenotypes based on presence or absence of menstrual disorder (M), hyperandrogenism (HA), and polycystic ovary according to sonography (PCO): HA+PCO (n=53), PCO+M (n=57) and M+HA+PCO (n=66). Dietary intake and lifestyle behaviour were measured using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a lifestyle questionnaire (LQ). Results: The mean energy (P<0.001) and fat intake (P<0.001) were greater in PCOS groups compared with the control group. The average energy and fat intake were greater in HA+M+PCO group after age and BMI adjustment compared with other phenotypes (P<0.001). In comparison with the control group, lifestyle scores were lower in the PCOS group in the fields of physical activity, weight and nutrition control after age and BMI adjustment (P<0.001). The average score of lifestyle in the fields of physical activity, weight and nutrition control, and psychological health was lower in the phenotype HA+M+PCO compared with other phenotypes (P<0.001). Conclusions: Limited energy and fat intake is strongly recommended in Iranian women with PCOS especially in phenotype HA+M+PCO. Consultation on improvement of psychological health and the importance of weight and nutrition control, and appropriate physical activity in patients especially in HA+M+PCO is advocated. Keywords: Lifestyle, polycystic ovarian syndrome, die

Biofilm formation in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the important antibiotic resistance pathogen. Chronic hospital acquired infections by S. aureus have become a major problem in recent years. One of the main mechanisms for chronic hospital acquired infections is defined by biofilm formation. Therefore, the current research aimed to identify the prevalence of biofilm formation among MRSA clinical isolates in Ilam hospitals and to determine the gene responsible for biofilm formation. For this reason, 26 MRSA clinical isolates were identified and subjected to biofilm by micro-plate assay and PCR for identification of icaa and icaD. The results demonstrated that 69.2 (n = 18) of MRSA clinical isolates possess icaD and were interestingly were negative for icaa; while biofilm formation were negative in three isolates that were positive for icaD. The current study strongly recommended icaD as a main factor to produce the biofilm formation in MRSA clinical isolates and suggested this gene as a target for antibiofilm therapy. The reason for negatively in 2 isolates could be explained in the abstract by low accuracy of micro-late assay. Another reason that could be concluded was silencing of icaD in these three isolates. © 2020 Elsevier Inc

The association between parents’ lifestyles and common psychiatry disorders in children and adolescents: A population-based study

Background: Family habits and the lifestyle of parents play an important role in the mental and social health of children. Objectives: Given the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Iran and the lack of information on the factors associated with these disorders, it is necessary to study the relationship between the lifestyle of parents with common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Methods: The present analytical cross-sectional study was undertaken from 2016 to 2017. A total of 1,022 children and adolescents aged 6 - 18 in Ilam, Iran, were enrolled in the study. The participants were selected throughmulti-stage cluster sampling from urban and rural areas of the city. Data on children were collected by using a semi-structured interview with the Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) Questionnaire, and the Life Style Questionnaire (LSQ). Using IBM-SPSS software V. 24, the chi-squared test, Student’s t-test, and multivariable logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant association between the mental health of parents with separation anxiety disorder (SAD) (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 0.86, P value P = 0.01). In addition, significant association was found between physical health (aOR = 1.17, P = 0.04), disease prevention (aOR = 1.22, P = 0.04), spiritual health (aOR = 0.83, P = 0.04), and avoidance of drugs, alcohol, and opiates (aOR = 0.87, P = 0.004) with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with sports and fitness (aOR = 0.82, P = 0.01), social health (aOR = 1.33, P = 0.007), and social phobia with spiritual health (aOR = 0.76, P = 0.04) showed a statistically significant association. Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis that the lifestyle of parents is an important determinant in the mental health of children. © 2018, Author(s)

Comparison of EBT and EBT3 RadioChromic Film Usage in Parotid Cancer Radiotherapy

Background: EBT and EBT3 radioChromic films have been used in radiotherapy dosimetry for years. Objective: The aim of the current study is to compare EBT and EBT3 radioChromic films in dosimetry of radiotherapy fields for treatment of parotid cancer. Methods: Calibrations of EBT and EBT3 films were performed with identical setups using a 6 MV photon beam of a Siemens Primus linac. Skin dose was measured at different points in the right anterior oblique (RAO) and right posterior oblique (RPO) fields by EBT and EBT3 films on a RANDO phantom. Results: While dosimetry was performed with the same conditions for the two film types for calibration and in phantom in parotid cancer radiotherapy, the measured net optical density (NOD) in EBT film was found to be higher than that from EBT3 film. The minimum difference between these two films under calibration conditions was about 2.9% (for 0.2 Gy) with a maximum difference of 35.5% (for 0.5 Gy). In the therapeutic fields of parotid cancer radiotherapy at different points, the measured dose from EBT film was higher than the EBT3 film. In these fields the minimum and maximum measured dose differences were 16.0% and 25.5%, respectively. Conclusion: EBT film demonstrates higher NOD than EBT3 film. This effect may be related to the higher sensitivity of EBT film over EBT3 film. However, the obtained dose differences between these two films in low dose range can be due to the differences in fitting functions applied following the calibration process

The Effects of the Concomitant Use of Caffeine and Streptomycin on Histopathological Changes in the Kidney and Liver of Rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Considering the possibility of increased renal toxicity induced by streptomycin in tea and coffee, which contain methylxanthines such as caffeine, we aimed to investigate the histopathological changes in the kidney and liver of rats. We also evaluated some serum parameters after the concurrent use of streptomycin and caffeine. METHODS: This experimental study was performed on 25 female Wistar rats, with the average weight of 200 g the rats were divided in five groups. Group I was regarded as the control group, group II received streptomycin (25 mg/kg), group III was administered streptomycin+caffeine (5 mg/kg), group IV received caffeine (5 mg/kg) and group V received streptomycin + vitamin C (100 mg/kg) for a period of 21 days. Afterwards, the rats were anesthetized with ether and blood samples were obtained from the heart. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, sodium and potassium levels were measured in rats. After preparing and sectioning renal and hepatic tissues for pathological examinations, they were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) the samples were examined, using a light microscope. FINDINGS: Serum creatinine and potassium levels were not significantly different between the groups, while urea nitrogen level in group V (15&plusmn;07 mg/dL) was significantly lower than the values reproted in groups I and IV (p<0.05). Sodium level increased in group II (139. 8&plusmn;0.2 mEq/L) and group IV (140&plusmn;0.447 mEq/L), while a significant reduction was reported in group V (137.25&plusmn;0.75 mEq/L) (p<0.05). According to the findings, hepatic and renal damages were severe after the concomitant use of streptomycin and caffeine. However, vitamin C reduced the induced damages. CONCLUSION:&nbsp;As the results indicated, caffeine could aggravate renal injuries, induced by streptomycin, while vitamin C had an alleviating effect

Efficacy of Capparis spinosa Linn Leaf and Fruit Extracts on Giardia Lambia Cysts In vitro

Aims: Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) is one of the most common intestinal parasites worldwide. There are some side effects and the reports of parasite resistance to metronidazole as the first line treatment of giardiasis. Therefore, it is essential to discover an effect and safe drug to treat giardiasis. Methodology: In this study, the anti-parasitic activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Capparis spinosa Linn (C. spinosa) leaves and fruits with different concentrations (4 to 0.125 mg/ml) was assessed against human isolates of the G. lamblia cysts and incubated at 37 degrees C. After staining Giardia cysts with 0.1 eosin, the lethal percentage and 50 lethal concentration (LC50) of fruit and leave C. spinosa L extracts and metronidazole on G. lamblia cysts were calculated after 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours. Results: Anti-giardia activity of fruit and leaf extracts of C. spinosa was different between concentrations and time points (p<0.005). The lethal effect of both C. spinosa L extracts and metronidazole increased significantly in a concentration - and time-dependent response (P<0.0001). The highest lethal percentage of G. lamblia cysts was observed a concentration of 4 mg / ml of fruit (100) and leaf (44) extracts of C. spinosa L after 48 hours, respectively. LC50 values were 0.38 +/- 0.02mg/ml for fruit extract, 2.32 +/- 0.1 mg/ml for leaf extract and 0.53 +/- 0.03 mu g/ml for metronidazole after 48hours. Conclusion: C. spinosa can be effective in eliminating Giardia cyst of contaminated environments and water