954 research outputs found
New Neurostimulation Strategy and Corresponding Implantable Device to Enhance Bladder Functions
The NIRS Cap: Key Part of Emerging Wearable Brain-Device Interfaces
Nowadays, nearâinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS) fills a niche in medical imaging due to various reasons including nonâinvasiveness and portability. The special characteristics of NIRS imaging make it suitable to handle topics that were only approachable using electroencephalography (EEG) such as imaging infants and children; or studying the human brain activity during actions, like walking and drawing that require a certain amount of freedom that nonâportable devices such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cannot permit. This chapter discusses the unique advantages of NIRS as a functional imaging method and the main obstacles that still prevent this technology from becoming a prominent medical imaging tool. In particular, in this chapter we focus on the design of the brainâdevice interface: the NIRS cap and its important role in the imaging process
A self-calibration circuit for a neural spike recording channel
This paper presents a self-calibration circuit for a neural spike recording channel. The proposed design tunes the bandwidth of the signal acquisition Band-Pass Filter (BPF), which suffers from process variations corners. It also performs the adjustment of the Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) gain to maximize the input voltage range of the analog-to-digital conversion. The circuit, which consists on a frequency-controlled signal generator and a digital processor, operates in foreground, is completely autonomous and integrable in an estimated area of 0.026mm 2 , with a power consumption around 450nW. The calibration procedure takes less than 250ms to select the configuration whose performance is closest to the required one.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciĂłn TEC2009-08447Junta de AndalucĂa TIC-0281
A 97 fJ/Conversion Neuron-ADC with Reconfigurable Sampling and Static Power Reduction
A bio-inspired Neuron-ADC with reconfigurable sampling and static power
reduction for biomedical applications is proposed in this work. The Neuron-ADC
leverages level-crossing sampling and a bio-inspired refractory circuit to
compressively converts bio-signal to digital spikes and
information-of-interest. The proposed design can not only avoid dissipating ADC
energy on unnecessary data but also achieve reconfigurable sampling, making it
appropriate for either low power operation or high accuracy conversion when
dealing with various kinds of bio-signals. Moreover, the proposed dynamic
comparator can reduce static power up to 41.1% when tested with a 10 kHz
sinusoidal input. Simulation results of 40 nm CMOS process show that the
Neuron-ADC achieves a maximum ENOB of 6.9 bits with a corresponding FoM of 97
fJ/conversion under 0.6 V supply voltage.Comment: Accepted to 2022 IEEE the 18th Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits
and Systems (APCCAS
Cascade Decoders-Based Autoencoders for Image Reconstruction
Autoencoders are composed of coding and decoding units, hence they hold the
inherent potential of high-performance data compression and signal compressed
sensing. The main disadvantages of current autoencoders comprise the following
several aspects: the research objective is not data reconstruction but feature
representation; the performance evaluation of data recovery is neglected; it is
hard to achieve lossless data reconstruction by pure autoencoders, even by pure
deep learning. This paper aims for image reconstruction of autoencoders,
employs cascade decoders-based autoencoders, perfects the performance of image
reconstruction, approaches gradually lossless image recovery, and provides
solid theory and application basis for autoencoders-based image compression and
compressed sensing. The proposed serial decoders-based autoencoders include the
architectures of multi-level decoders and the related optimization algorithms.
The cascade decoders consist of general decoders, residual decoders,
adversarial decoders and their combinations. It is evaluated by the
experimental results that the proposed autoencoders outperform the classical
autoencoders in the performance of image reconstruction
CSwin2SR: Circular Swin2SR for Compressed Image Super-Resolution
Closed-loop negative feedback mechanism is extensively utilized in automatic
control systems and brings about extraordinary dynamic and static performance.
In order to further improve the reconstruction capability of current methods of
compressed image super-resolution, a circular Swin2SR (CSwin2SR) approach is
proposed. The CSwin2SR contains a serial Swin2SR for initial super-resolution
reestablishment and circular Swin2SR for enhanced super-resolution
reestablishment. Simulated experimental results show that the proposed CSwin2SR
dramatically outperforms the classical Swin2SR in the capacity of
super-resolution recovery. On DIV2K test and valid datasets, the average
increment of PSNR is greater than 1dB and the related average increment of SSIM
is greater than 0.006
The NIRS Cap: Key Part of Emerging Wearable Brain-Device Interfaces
ABSTRACT: Nowadays, nearâinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS) fills a niche in medical imaging due to various reasons including nonâinvasiveness and portability. The special characteristics of NIRS imaging make it suitable to handle topics that were only approachable using electroencephalography (EEG) such as imaging infants and children; or studying the human brain activity during actions, like walking and drawing that require a certain amount of freedom that nonâportable devices such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cannot permit. This chapter discusses the unique advantages of NIRS as a functional imaging method and the main obstacles that still prevent this technology from becoming a prominent medical imaging tool. In particular, in this chapter we focus on the design of the brainâdevice interface: the NIRS cap and its important role in the imaging process
CMISR: Circular Medical Image Super-Resolution
Classical methods of medical image super-resolution (MISR) utilize open-loop
architecture with implicit under-resolution (UR) unit and explicit
super-resolution (SR) unit. The UR unit can always be given, assumed, or
estimated, while the SR unit is elaborately designed according to various SR
algorithms. The closed-loop feedback mechanism is widely employed in current
MISR approaches and can efficiently improve their performance. The feedback
mechanism may be divided into two categories: local and global feedback.
Therefore, this paper proposes a global feedback-based closed-cycle framework,
circular MISR (CMISR), with unambiguous UR and SR elements. Mathematical model
and closed-loop equation of CMISR are built. Mathematical proof with
Taylor-series approximation indicates that CMISR has zero recovery error in
steady-state. In addition, CMISR holds plug-and-play characteristic which can
be established on any existing MISR algorithms. Five CMISR algorithms are
respectively proposed based on the state-of-the-art open-loop MISR algorithms.
Experimental results with three scale factors and on three open medical image
datasets show that CMISR is superior to MISR in reconstruction performance and
is particularly suited to medical images with strong edges or intense contrast
Supercapacitors: Fabrication Challenges and Trends
Supercapacitors have shown great potential as important complements to batteries. We first describe the principle of supercapacitors, including the categories and the main components of supercapacitors. In the second part, we compare the advantages of supercapacitors with other energy storage devices, and then the power densities of active materials are compared with each other. In the third part, we show how various technologies are used to fabricate electrodes and supercapacitors. In the last part, several applications are presented, showing the high value of supercapacitors, including hybrid vehicles, solar cells, and wearable and portable devices
READS-V: Real-time Automated Detection of Epileptic Seizures from Surveillance Videos via Skeleton-based Spatiotemporal ViG
An accurate and efficient epileptic seizure onset detection system can
significantly benefit patients. Traditional diagnostic methods, primarily
relying on electroencephalograms (EEGs), often result in cumbersome and
non-portable solutions, making continuous patient monitoring challenging. The
video-based seizure detection system is expected to free patients from the
constraints of scalp or implanted EEG devices and enable remote monitoring in
residential settings. Previous video-based methods neither enable all-day
monitoring nor provide short detection latency due to insufficient resources
and ineffective patient action recognition techniques. Additionally,
skeleton-based action recognition approaches remain limitations in identifying
subtle seizure-related actions. To address these challenges, we propose a novel
skeleton-based spatiotemporal vision graph neural network (STViG) for
efficient, accurate, and timely REal-time Automated Detection of epileptic
Seizures from surveillance Videos (READS-V). Our experimental results indicate
STViG outperforms previous state-of-the-art action recognition models on our
collected patients' video data with higher accuracy (5.9% error) and lower
FLOPs (0.4G). Furthermore, by integrating a decision-making rule that combines
output probabilities and an accumulative function, our READS-V system achieves
a 5.1 s EEG onset detection latency, a 13.1 s advance in clinical onset
detection, and zero false detection rate.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 8 table
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