Aplikasi teknik remote sensing bagi terbitan maklumat hasilan air di Semenanjung Malaysia

Satellite remote sensing techniques have found wide applications in hydrology including water-yield determination. This however requires the localization to area-of-interest that are influenced by the local climate and biophysical factors. This study focussed to develop a method for determining the water-yield information through full satellite-based data for Peninsular Malaysia from the public domain sources, for a period of 10 years (July 2000 - June 2010). The specific objectives were to investigate on: (i) derivation of information on monthly rainfall from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) satellite data; (ii) derivation of monthly Actual- Evapotranspiration (AET) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite with Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) data product; (iii) derivation of water yield from fully satellite-based information using water balance analysis; and (iv) water yield variation, with respect to changes of corresponding land cover and land use. Results, indicated good correlation between monthly rainfall TMPA with the corresponding rain gauge records (r2=0.71: p<0.001, n=1337) with accuracy (RMSE) of +83 mm (n=2308). The TMPAcalibrated annual averaged rainfall for the entire study area is 2357mm, which is - 5.3% compared with independent studies undertaken by an international consultant appointed by the government. The bio-physical parameters based on MODIS used NDVI as an indicator of AET to represent the land use, reported good match-up (r2=0.55: p<0.001, n=1664) with accuracy (RMSE) of +15 mm (n=864). The NDVIcalibrated annual averaged AET throughout the study area was determined at 1153mm, which is -9.9% compared with the same independent research report. Annual averaged water-yield for the entire study area is 1204mm, with -0.5% and 1.6% variations when compared to the two independent studies, the same independent research report and, Drainage and Irrigation Department respectively. But at state level, the estimated rainfall, AET and water-yield varies with larger magnitudes. Analysis at selected basin level, the annual water-yield is determined at 1393mm, in access of 9.5% compared to the independent studies water flowrate, with a standard deviation of 22%. The regression analysis between water-yield and land use cover changes, clearly indicated strong relationship (r2=0:51, p<0.0001; n=151), and independent accuracy (RMSE) of 8.3% (n=154). The main findings in this study, especially the devised techniques indeed have contributed significantly as an alternative method for the determination of water-yield in Peninsular Malaysia based on fully satellite-driven data. The devised method could be accustomized to other areas through localised calibration approach thus, could serve as a guideline for the relevant authorities to have accurate and comprehensive water-yield information

Bersama kurangkan kesan bencana banjir

Semasa mempengerusikan Mesyuarat Majlis Tindakan Perubahan Iklim Malaysia (MyCAC), Perdana Menteri Malaysia, Datuk Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob menyatakan, Malaysia terdedah kepada impak perubahan iklim kerana kelembapan tinggi, di samping bentuk muka bumi yang turut menyumbang kepada fenomena berkenaan

Identification runoff source area in Tropical watershed

Models are needed to describe how nonpoint source area of a watershed affect the rainfall-runoff process in tropical region, yet little spatially distributed data exist to develop such models. Hence, a coupled GIS-event base storm runoff model in a variable source area is developed. The model use grid-formatted map data supported by the Geographical Information System (GIS) and generates distributed results for runoff depth, discharge and coefficient of saturated area fraction. The GIS grid-based distributed CN-VSA method was evaluated for two (W1= 2.29 Km2 , W2 = 0.88 Km2 ) small watersheds located in tropical region in Malaysia. The average Nash-Sutcliffe (1970) efficiency for predicting saturated area fraction and runoff within and outlet of the watershed (W1) using verification between observed and model simulated data for fifteen storm events were (R2 =0.99) and (R2 =0.86), respectively. Coefficients indicated a good efficiency for model prediction. Since, the model proposed was found to be suitable for prediction of saturated area fraction (Af) and sources area of runoff, the proposed model was applied for unmonitored sub-watersheds W11, W12, W13 (of watershed W1) and watershed W2, respectively

Assessment On Abandoned Housing Project: Impact and Revitalization in Malaysia

The housing development sector was a key factor in the growth of Malaysia’s economic income since 1970s due to rapid urbanization. Unfortunately, housing construction in Malaysia still facing the abandonment issues due to financial constraints and many other factors. Abandoned housing project give a huge impact to the environment and socio economic to the stakeholder involved directly or indirectly. The purpose of this study is to overview the impact of abandoned housing project and to study the best solution in preventing the issues. Extensive literature review has been done to find out the actual scenario and impact of abandoned housing project issue. The questionnaire survey has been done to investigate the best solution in preventing and minimize the problem of abandoned housing project. The abandoned housing project give an impact to all parties and the proper financial management, amend the development concept, study the market signal properly, amend the initial policy of housing development and finally takeover the problematic development by the government is the best solution in preventing it

Risiko Bencana Banjir Pentingnya Pengetahuan dan Kesedaran

Kejadian bencana banjir disebabkan oleh hujan yang berterusan bermula pada 17 Disember 2021 adalah di luar jangkaan dan menimbulkan banyak tanda tanya daripada masyarakat yang biasa sehinggalah kalangan pakar. Kenapa bencana banjir sebesar ini berlaku pada masa, tempoh dan tempat yang tidak dijangka

Assessment On Abandoned Housing Project: Impact and Revitalization in Malaysia

The housing development sector was a key factor in the growth of Malaysia’s economic income since 1970s due to rapid urbanization. Unfortunately, housing construction in Malaysia still facing the abandonment issues due to financial constraints and many other factors. Abandoned housing project give a huge impact to the environment and socio economic to the stakeholder involved directly or indirectly. The purpose of this study is to overview the impact of abandoned housing project and to study the best solution in preventing the issues. Extensive literature review has been done to find out the actual scenario and impact of abandoned housing project issue. The questionnaire survey has been done to investigate the best solution in preventing and minimize the problem of abandoned housing project. The abandoned housing project give an impact to all parties and the proper financial management, amend the development concept, study the market signal properly, amend the initial policy of housing development and finally takeover the problematic development by the government is the best solution in preventing it

A preliminary study of seismic risk assessment shortly after the Banjarnegara Indonesia earthquake on 2018

This paper presents a preliminary study of seismic risk assessment in Kertosari village, Kalibening Subdistrict, Banjarnegara District, after the earthquake incident on 18th April 2018. The study was based on Hazard US (HAZUS) with Damage Probability Matrix to estimate losses of damage state with model building type (Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frames-Low Height (C1L), Reinforced Masonry Bearing Walls with Wood or Metal Deck Diaphragms-Low Height (RM1L) and Reinforced Masonry Bearing Walls with Precast Concrete Diaphragms (RM2L)). From the results, the probability calculation of damage in Kertosari Villages, moderate damaged category is the most. Other damage categories are slight, extensive, complete and none. Meanwhile, based on site preliminary survey and data from Banjarnegara Municipal Disaster Management Authority [1] which has updated on 20th April 2018 in Kertosari village, complete damaged category is the most. Therefore, it is necessary an expert's judgment to refine building type model and the criteria of damage state for compatible Indonesian building

Assessing earthquake-induced housing damage: A fuzzy Ahp approach incorporating local parameters and Pga Zoning in the Bantul District, Indonesia

Earthquakes used to cause significant harm, including loss of life and damage to buildings and infrastructure. For example, the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake in Indonesia resulted in widespread devastation, injuries, and extensive damage. In the past, people relied on Seismic Risk Assessment (SRA) to estimate the chances of earthquake-related damage to buildings and infrastructure and the economic losses involved. SRA used vulnerability functions to understand how susceptible buildings were to earthquake damage. Many places and situations used the Hazard United States (HAZUS) system, which had categories like slight, moderate, extensive, and complete damage, to classify building damage. However, there used to be differences in expert opinions about earthquake vulnerability due to variations in their knowledge and experience. Experts often used words like "very high" or "low irregularity" to express their understanding, and they evaluated these factors using qualitative logic. Different approaches were explored in the past to tackle the complexity and uncertainty in the assessment process, including fuzzy logic. The methodology presented in this paper introduced a framework called Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). This framework aimed to assist decision-makers, engineers, and policymakers in choosing the most appropriate category for assessing earthquake-induced housing damage. Four experts with over twenty years of experience in disaster management, earthquake-affected residential housing, and related fields were involved in the research. The goal was to present a method for estimating the Best Nonfuzzy Performance value (BNP) weight based on differences in Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) zoning (green, yellow, and red zones) in the Bantul district. The results showed that slight damage had the highest score in the green zone, while complete damage had the lowest score. Similarly, in the yellow zone, slight damage maintained the highest score, while complete damage received the lowest score. Lastly, moderate damage was identified as the most critical in the red zone, and complete damage had the lowest score. These findings had implications for decision-makers, engineers, and policymakers: 1). Decision-makers could use this information to allocate budgets efficiently for safety measures. 2). Engineers were able to focus on strengthening structures in the green zone for slight damage and allocate more resources to address moderate damage in the red zone. 3). Policymakers had the opportunity to tailor disaster response plans based on the predominant damage state in each zone, allowing them to prioritize evacuations and resource deployment accordingly. This paper provides an overview that needs to be developed by researchers in order to improve the results and offer more effective education

Exploring risk associated to public road infrastructure construction projects

This study proposed an empirical study of risk assessment module for public road infrastructure construction projects. This study employs a case study of a public road infrastructure construction projects located at a state in East Coast of Malaysia. The projects involve the construction of new four (4) lane road along 5.875km aligned from the state route to federal route. The project will be benefited to the federal and state economic development, while for the local residents, they will benefited with reducing of traffic congestion. However, due to several uncertainties, schedule delays have occurred to the particular area. Thus, this study conducted to explore the risk associated with the project, and four delay factors and thirteen sub-factors have emerged prior to the consultations with project team experts. The delay risk assessed quantitatively employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique by prioritising the risk delay factors. Design of the AHP model and the operation of the pair-wise rating was employed the super-decision software. The analysis revealed that when considering all factor concerning the goal, the project risk (0.348) captured the most prioritised risk factor that caused by land acquisition issues (0.555), followed by environmental (0.233) caused by the uncertainty of weather (0.733), operational risk (0.309) caused by late submission of approved for construction drawing causing a delay in projects submission delay (0.396) as the last prioritised risk factors in the construction project and technical risk (0.110) caused by the new design does not consider existing drainage system causing flood (0.352). Findings of this study will beneficial to the project team, as the prioritised risk will act as their references and guidance to avoid delays and incurring of project costs

Special Education Classrooms: Can Technology Use Inspired?

Purpose: This study aim to explore the inspiration of technology in conducting learning process for special education studens in classroom.   Framework: It is common knowledge that education today requires teachers to be more creative in delivering learning and teaching in the classroom.   Methodology: This study use qualitative approach in gathering the data. 12 teachers were interview in this studies.   Findings: The result shows the rapidity of technology is now to some extent helping teachers find fresher ideas to conduct teaching in the classroom. The existence of various types of technology including gadgets, software, video applications and others are seen to be able to attract the interest of students in turn can achieve teaching objectives. However, some studies show that some teachers are less effective in the use of technology when teaching in the classroom.   Implications: In addition to speeding up the process of obtaining information, the use of technology also actually helps understanding and attracts students to learning. It is hoped that the findings of this study can help future researchers to conduct further research.   Value: This to some extent shows a loss to student learning. The use of technology should be utilized and used properly because space and opportunities for access to technology are now readily available