Phytochemical analysis of some plants from Lamiaceae family frequently used in folk medicine in Aligudarz region of Lorestan Province Lorestan ilinin Aligudarz bölgesinde halk ilaci olarak sikça kullanilan Lamiaceae familyasindan bazi bitkilerin fitokimyasal analizi

Many of the plants from the Lamiaceae family have been traditionally used as medicine all over the world. Also, some of the secondary metabolites isolated from this family have shown interesting biological function. In this study we have analyzed phytochemicals of some plants from Lamiaceae family frequently used in folk medicine in Aligudarz region of Lorestan province. In this regard, the plant species were collected and systematically identified during 2014-2015. The traditional and local uses of collected plants were questioned through informed consent semi-structured interviews with local informants. Phytochemical analysis was conducted to test the presence of compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinone and glycosides. 25 plant species belonging to 13 genes were collected and identified. The most uses of the plants were in treating cold, gastrointestinal disorders and as flavoring agents. From 25 plant species, a number of 23 species had tannin, 22 species exhibited positive reactions to flavonoids, 4 species showed positive reactions to alkaloids and 1 species exhibited positive reactions to saponins. This research has provided insights on the use of secondary metabolites in folk medicine for promotion of appropriate human health. The studied plants in this article can be seen as a potential source for discovering new drugs

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING MACHINE TRANSLATION IN TRANSLATION PEDAGOGY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INSTRUCTORS AND LEARNERS

Purpose of the study: This paper embodies research on the introduction of machine translation (MT) into translation teaching and learning from the perspectives of learners and instructors/teachers. Four suppositions of employment of MT in translation classes are observed and examined here: MT as a weak (or peripheral) tool, MT as a useful (or essential) tool; MT as a professional treatment; and MT as a CATI tool. Methodology: The objective is achieved using an experimental-survey method with a theory of ‘action about reasons’ (technology acceptance model) adapted from Davis, Bagozzi, and Warshaw’s (1989) work as its framework. The survey tool is done through a closed and open-ended questionnaire while the ‘experiment’ takes the form of MT introduction practice exercises in the classroom. One hundred Iranian undergraduate students from a translation course with MT in its syllabus and thirty translation instructors make up the population for this study. Main Findings: In general, students found MT to be useful for producing their translation and seemed, with good exposure through practice, encouraged to use it. The translation educators too saw its benefits but would only be persuaded seriously to utilize it in their translation classrooms when MT is found to produce a much higher quality of output. Otherwise, the disadvantages might outweigh the benefits and thus make the integration of MT into translation teaching not worthwhile. Applications of this study: Understanding reservations and motivations of translation students and translation instructors from their responses enable translation educators and programmers to redesign their teaching to lessen the challenges and at the same grow their confidence in handling MT and guide them towards efficient and effective use. Novelty/Originality of this study: To date, the testing of MT in teaching has been done in language education per se. In this study, MT is examined as a tool for better translation teaching, and not as a mode of translation as opposed to human translation. This lends originality to the study

Hepatic Involvement and Association with Prognosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Single-Centre Report from Iran

Background:There were no documents about the non-lung involvement of COVID-19, even in the absence of lung involvement. The present study aimed to report a single-centre experience of liver involvement caused by COVID-19 disease in Iran. MaterialsandMethods:We recorded information of 120 patients who suffered COVID-19 disease, and they were admitted to the intensive care unit at Taleghani hospital in Tehran, Iran, between March and May 2020. Along with clinical and diagnostic parameters, the outcome of patients concerning improvement, disease progression or death was also assessed. Results:In total, 68 patients (56.7%) had abnormal liver dysfunction. The most common changes in liver-related parameters were elevated international normalized ratio (INR) (mean serum level of 2.5) followed by elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (mean serum level of 412 mg/dl). The mean level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased 4 and 9 times more than the standard limit. The overall death rate in COVID-19 patients was 38 patients (55.88%, n=68). Conclusion:Liver injuries are common findings in patients suffering COVID-19 infection and leading to poorer outcomes. Serum bilirubin level of more than 3mg/dl was associated with higher mortality in patients with liver damage

An investigation on permethrin-treated military uniforms against diurnal mosquitoes under field conditions

Background: Military forces are exposed to mosquito bites because of their duties. In addition to the nuisance caused by mosquito bites, they are the vector of some vector-borne diseases in many countries of the world. Impregnation of military uniforms with permethrin is one of the most effective methods of protecting military personnel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of permethrin-impregnated uniforms against diurnal mosquitoes under field conditions.Methods:  In this study, one of the most common uniforms used in the Iranian military was treated by permethrin (0.125 mg. permethrin ai/cm2) and evaluated against the natural population of day-biting mosquitoes, in the rural area with Eight participants, three of them put on the treated uniforms and the other one of them wore the untreated uniforms and Four officers were also appointed as collectors.Results: The average number of bites in those who wore untreated uniforms (control) was 1.8/min/person (107.8/hr), while it was 0.16 (9.83/hr) for treated uniforms. The protection of treated uniforms was about 91%. The knockdown rate for Culex and Aedes mosquitoes was 95.92% and 94.44%, respectively. The mortality rate in Culex was 98.59% and 98.61% in Aedes mosquitoes when exposed to treated uniforms.Conclusion: In this study, military uniforms impregnated with permethrin showed significant protection against the bites of Culex and Aedes mosquitoes. This intervention can be used to protect military personnel from the bites of Culex and Aedes these mosquitoes and to reduce the diseases transmitted by these mosquitoes.Keywords: Permethrin; Military uniforms; Impregnation; Mosquitoe

FISH Analysis for del6q21 and del17p13 in B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Iranians

Background: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the most common leukemia in the Western world. Major progress has been made in assessing typical chromosomal abnormalities and recognition of the correlation of these chromosomal abnormalities with laboratory features and clinical course of the disease. The most frequent genomic changes are deletions at 13q14, 11q22-23 and 17p13 and trisomy of chromosome 12. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in B-CLL patients' peripheral blood and/or bone marrow using a molecular cytogenetic method, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) and to evaluate the correlation between these genomic changes and clinical findings. Patients and Methods: I-FISH analyses were performed on bone marrow and blood samples of 66 B-CLL patients. Results: Deletion of 17p13 was found in 11 (16.6%) and deletion 6q21 was present in 5 (7.5%). Statistical analyses were performed to investigate the correlation of these molecular-cytogenetic findings with family history, Rai staging and CD38 marker. No clear differences in distribution was noted for del17p13 and del6q21 among patients with and without family history, and no direct correlation was noted between these genomic changes and CD38 marker, but the correlation of del17p13 and Rai stage was significant. There was a high frequency of Rai stage II within del17p13 patients. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that the presence of del6q21 in B-CLL patients indicates poor prognosis and on the contrary, presence of del17p13 points at the good prognostic value of the disease

Comparing the Analgesic Effect of Aminophylline and Hyoscine with Morphine on Renal Colic: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Although narcotics are effective for pain relief in these patients, they have little impact on the underlying cause. Therefore, surveys have been conducted to find more effective agents. Objective: This study conducted to compare the analgesic effect of aminophylline and hyoscine combination with morphine on renal colic patients. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on patients with renal colic caused by urinary tract stones. Subjects were selected via convenience sampling method. Patients were randomly divided into two groups based on whether they received aminophylline + hyoscine or morphine. Before drug administration, one researcher was asked to measure the pain of the patients using Graduated Numbered Visual Analogue Scale (GN-VAS). Afterward, 20 mg of hyoscine along with 3 mg/kg of aminophylline in 100 cc normal saline was injected during 10 minutes into patients in the one group, whereas 0.1 mg/kg of morphine was intravenously with 100 cc normal saline to align two groups, administered to the subjects in another group. Half an hour after the administration of drugs, pain was measured for the second time. Vital signs and side effects were all recorded. Results: In this study, 95 patients (47 patients in the aminophylline+hyoscine group and 48 patients in the morphine group) remained in the trial until the end. The difference in sex distribution(p=0.227) and age(p=0.680) of the two groups was not statistically significant. Median of pain intensity was not significantly different between the two study groups (p<0.05), neither before nor after administration of the drugs. The mean time required for pain relief in morphine group was significantly lower than aminophylline+hyoscine group (5.9±1.6 vs. 11.1±1.6 minutes; p<0.001). Conclusion: Overall, our findings indicated that aminophylline + hyoscine combination was effective in reducing renal colic pain and there is no significant difference between this combination and morphine in terms of pain relief

Comparing the Analgesic Effect of Aminophylline and Hyoscine with Morphine on Renal Colic: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Although narcotics are effective for pain relief in these patients, they have little impact on the underlying cause. Therefore, surveys have been conducted to find more effective agents. Objective: This study conducted to compare the analgesic effect of aminophylline and hyoscine combination with morphine on renal colic patients. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on patients with renal colic caused by urinary tract stones. Subjects were selected via convenience sampling method. Patients were randomly divided into two groups based on whether they received aminophylline + hyoscine or morphine. Before drug administration, one researcher was asked to measure the pain of the patients using Graduated Numbered Visual Analogue Scale (GN-VAS). Afterward, 20 mg of hyoscine along with 3 mg/kg of aminophylline in 100 cc normal saline was injected during 10 minutes into patients in the one group, whereas 0.1 mg/kg of morphine was intravenously with 100 cc normal saline to align two groups, administered to the subjects in another group. Half an hour after the administration of drugs, pain was measured for the second time. Vital signs and side effects were all recorded. Results: In this study, 95 patients (47 patients in the aminophylline+hyoscine group and 48 patients in the morphine group) remained in the trial until the end. The difference in sex distribution(p=0.227) and age(p=0.680) of the two groups was not statistically significant. Median of pain intensity was not significantly different between the two study groups (p<0.05), neither before nor after administration of the drugs. The mean time required for pain relief in morphine group was significantly lower than aminophylline+hyoscine group (5.9±1.6 vs. 11.1±1.6 minutes; p<0.001). Conclusion: Overall, our findings indicated that aminophylline + hyoscine combination was effective in reducing renal colic pain and there is no significant difference between this combination and morphine in terms of pain relief

Spinal vs General Anesthesia in patients undergoing urogenital surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the pain in the 24 hours after surgery, quality of life, and the outcome of surgery in patients undergoing urogenital surgery by spinal and general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Women referring a candidate for urogenital surgery in Vali-e-Asr Hospital entered the study after their informed consent; in one of the two study groups: Spinal Anesthesia (SA) vs. General Anesthesia (GA). The pain scores around the clock were measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Also, the two groups were compared regarding patient satisfaction at the time of ambulation. The surgery outcomes were measured using International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaires ICIQ. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: There was no significant relationship between parity, previous non-cesarean abdominal surgery, and urinary complications. However, there was a statistically significant difference between pain score in the two groups; while the postoperative days were not different in the two groups of anesthesia methods Conclusion: Considering the different influence of treatment methods for this disease, further research is needed to clarify, the results of anatomical, and anatomical outcomes after treatment for pelvic floor disorders in women