Characterization And Properties Of Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR-50) / Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Blends [TP1180.T5 Z96 2007 f rb].

Kesan komposisi adunan, pemvulkanan dinamik, radiasi alur elektron dan gabungan radiasi serta agen sambung silang ke atas sifat-sifat adunan getah asli terepoksida/ etilena vinil asetat (ENR-50/EVA) telah dikaji. The effect of blend ratio, dynamic vulcanization, electron beam irradiation and the combination of irradiation and crosslinking agent on the properties of epoxidised natural rubber/ ethylene vinyl acetate (ENR-50/EVA) blends were investigated

Characterization And Properties Of Epoxidised Natural Rubber (Enr-50) / Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (Eva) Blends

Kesan komposisi adunan, pemvulkanan dinamik, radiasi alur elektron dan gabungan radiasi serta agen sambung silang ke atas sifat-sifat adunan getah asli terepoksida/ etilena vinil asetat (ENR-50/EVA) telah dikaji. The effect of blend ratio, dynamic vulcanization, electron beam irradiation and the combination of irradiation and crosslinking agent on the properties of epoxidised natural rubber/ ethylene vinyl acetate (ENR-50/EVA) blends were investigated

Effect of nitrogen rates on the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) population infesting chilli (Capsicum annum L.)

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is considered the most important whitefly species harmful to agriculture. Experiments were conducted at MARDI Station in Jalan Kebun, Klang, Selangor from 9 September 2006 to 11 November 2007. The objective of this study was to evaluate the population of whitefly on chilli plants fertilised with different rates of nitrogen (0, 33, 43, 53 g/plant). The results showed that high rates of nitrogen treatment significantly (P<0.05) increased B. tabaci immature population as compared to lower rate treatments. The mean number of B. tabaci immature per plant stratum was significantly different (P<0.05) among plant strata as well as among the treatments. Generally, the mean number of B. tabaci eggs and larvae was significantly (P<0.05) greater in the upper strata than in the middle and lower plant strata. Whereas, the mean number of B. tabaci pupa was significantly greater in the lower strata than in the upper and middle plant strata. The mean number of B. tabaci immature was significantly different (P<0.05) among the sampling periods in all treatment. Generally, B. tabaci population was significantly greater during the early season and gradually declined as the season progressed except during the third and seventh week after transplanting

Public development sustainability values: a case study in Sepang Malaysia

The concept of sustainable development has been implemented in Malaysia for more than a decade. Nevertheless, the issues of unsustainability still persist, raising questions about whether or not the values held by local populations pertaining to development processes are compatible with sustainable development values. This study was conducted in Sepang, Selangor to explore the values of public in the development process by using qualitative approach. The data was gathered from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with the participants recruited through purposive sampling. Fourty participants have participated in this study. The transcript was analysed using thematic analysis to identify the theme values and the values categories. This study has identified four themes and twelve categories of public values in development. The themes were freedom, security, environment and development. The sustainability characteristics of every theme and category were explored by comparing them to existing established sustainable development values. It was evident that every theme and category of values displays sustainability characteristics despite public limited knowledge about sustainable development concepts. These findings therefore concluded that in principle, the unsustainability issues in this area did not result from the incompatibility of public development values with those of sustainable development. The implication of these findings is that the value systems of local people are already in harmony with the concept of sustainable development and could be effectively integrated into the local sustainable development framework

Optimization of chlorophyll extraction from Gynura Procumbens

Herb is a famously used as medicinal plant as an alternative to chemicals based medicine since it is safer. Gynura Procumbens (sambung nyawa) is bicolor (green and red) herbal plant which is widely grown in Asia. Recent studies proved that this plant has anti-herpes simplex virus, anti-flammatory and antihyperglycaemic properties. This work investigated the extraction of chlorophyll a and b from gynura procumbens of green-leaf species. Optimization was done both by experiment and also Response Surface Method. Solid liquid extraction was used to extract the chlorophyll a and b. The solid to solvent ratio, temperature, solvent used and extraction time were varied to determine the optimum conditions for extraction. It was found that at 80C in 90 minutes with 2:5 solid to solvent ratio were the most favorable conditions to extract chlorophyll a and b. Five valuable compounds was found from GC-MS analysis which are 2-Hexanal, Phenol, Oleic Acid, Copaene and Phytol. This implies that Gynura Procumbens promises a good source of many useful bioactive compounds

Perceptions of shariah scholars on shariah audit in Malaysian takaful industry

Takaful is shariah compliant insurance scheme which become an important component in the Islamic financial system in Malaysia. Takaful industry in Malaysia is relatively young compared to other sectors in the financial industry, but it has enjoyed robust growth. However, despite the robust growth, Takaful industry also continues to face several challenges such as ineffective governance practices. Ineffective governance practice will lead to the possibility of facing shariah risk and incident of shariah risk in their activities and operation. Shariah audit function is one of the component of governance that play a role in ensuring the takaful operator to have a sound and effective internal control system of shariah compliance. This study aim to examine the shariah scholars’ perception on current shariah audit process and scope particularly in Takaful industry. Semi-structured interviews was conducted with shariah scholars who are members of the Shariah boards in various Takaful Operators. The finding discovers that there are different points of view demonstrated by the Shariah scholars. This study may provide relevant guidelines for future development of shariah audit practices in Islamic financial institutions in achieving maqasid shariah

Understanding the planning process and challenges in Shariah audit execution: the case of Malaysian takaful operators

This study conducts a cross-sectional, case-based field study comparing the planning processes in Shariah audit for three takaful operators in Malaysia. A case study is an empirical enquiry to investigate facts in their context, and states that its unique strength is its ability to deal with various pieces of evidence (documents and interviews), and to detect missing constructs (Yin, 2003). Three takaful operators were selected in this study. The backgrounds and characteristics of the takaful were shown in Figure 3.0. These three takaful companies were selected because of their similarities as they also provide conventional insurance services. Hence, the comparison can be made whether they are doing a separate audit for takaful or they just conduct the audit at the group level

A new compression algorithm for small data communication in wireless sensor network

Energy consumption is one of the most critical issues in wireless sensor network (WSN). For a sensor device, transmission of data is considered as the most energy consuming task, and it mostly depends on the size of the data. Fortunately, data compression can be used to minimise the transmitted data size and thus extend sensor's lifetime. In this paper, we propose a new lossless compression algorithm that can handle small data communication in WSNs. Using compression ratio, memory usage, number of instructions and execution speed as a comparison parameters, the proposed algorithm is measured against a set of existing algorithms. Two different datasets have been used for this purpose; namely, self-generated dataset and real sensor dataset from Harvard Sensor Library. As a result, the proposed algorithm not only outclasses other existing algorithms but most importantly produces positive compression ratio throughout the whole test where most existing algorithms experience an expansion in data size when dealing with very small data

Pencirian pelancong belia dalam pelancongan acara semasa Tahun Melawat Malaysia 2014

Pelancongan acara merupakan pendekatan yang lebih bersepadu dalam perancangan dan pelaksanaan bagi memastikan pembangunan pelancongan semakin mampan. Dengan adanya penekanan tersebut, ia dapat mengekalkan dan meningkatkan aset pelancongan di samping mengggalakkan segmen pelancongan acara terutamanya dalam kalangan pelancong belia. Kajian ini memfokuskan pola pelancongan acara dalam kalangan pelancong belia yang membawa kepada kesedaran dan dorongan dalam kalangan pelancong belia dalam penglibatan aktiviti perlancongan berbentuk acara. Data untuk kajian ini dikumpulkan melalui edaran borang kaji selidik di UKM, Putrajaya dan MAEPS, Serdang. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pola pelancongan belia lebih teratur, mempunyai segmen, tersusun dan sistematik serta mempunyai perancangan dan perlaksanaan yang telus. Namun begitu, pola pelancongan pelancong belia tidak mempunyai perbezaan yang ketara dengan backpacker mahupun pelancongan keluarga. Kebanyakan daripada pelancong belia memilih untuk meneroka tempat baru, berseronok sambil membeli-belah serta berbelanja sewaktu melancong mengikut peruntukan perbelanjaan yang disenaraikan. Oleh itu, kajian ini mencadangkan pihak berkepentingan untuk mengkaji semula pulangan dan kesan positif yang diberikan oleh pelancong belia kepada sektor pelancongan acara negara kerana masih terdapat kekurangan dalam menyokong pertumbuhan segmen pelancong belia

Attacks, vulnerabilities and security requirements in smart metering networks

A smart meter is one of the core components in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) that is responsible for providing effective control and monitor of electrical energy consumptions. The multifunction tasks that a smart meter carries out such as facilitating two-way communication between utility providers and consumers, managing metering data, delivering anomalies reports, analyzing fault and power quality, simply show that there are huge amount of data exchange in smart metering networks (SMNs). These data are prone to security threats due to high dependability of SMNs on Internet-based communication, which is highly insecure. Therefore, there is a need to identify all possible security threats over this network and propose suitable countermeasures for securing the communication between smart meters and utility provider office. This paper studies the architecture of the smart grid communication networks, focuses on smart metering networks and discusses how such networks can be vulnerable to security attacks. This paper also presents current mechanisms that have been used to secure the smart metering networks from specific type of attacks in SMNs. Moreover, we highlight several open issues related to the security and privacy of SMNs which we anticipate could serve as baseline for future research directions