Cognitive Impairment among Young Motorcyclists: A controlled study

The cognitive assessment of young motorcyclists under high-noise exposure has not been investigated previously. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of noise-induced cognitive function and reaction time among undergraduate motorcyclists (aged: 19-25). The study design consisted of experimental (ExG; n=30) and controlled group (CoG; n=30). The ExG performed neuropsychological battery test under motorcycle noise (85-90 dBA) and CoG under controlled laboratory noise (<65 dBA). The result revealed that the CoG had significantly better cognitive performance (p < 0.05) and reaction-time as compared to ExG. The results demonstrated the significant effect of motorcycle noise on decreased cognitive performance and increased reaction time

Almost Oscillatory Solutions of a Three-Dimensional Half-Linear Neutral differential System of the Second Order

في هذا البحث تمت دراسة التذبذب والسلوك المقارب لنظام تفاضلي محايد ثلاثي الأبعاد نصف خطي من الدرجة الثانية ، حيث تم تصنيف جميع الحلول غير المتذبذبة إلى 16 فئة مختلفة ، ومن ثم تم إعطاء الشروط الكافية لإثبات ذلك. أن معظم هذه الفئات غير نشطة وغير متواجدة ، أي فارغة ، أما بالنسبة للفئات الباقية ، فقد ثبت أن جميع حلولها المحدودة ، سواء كانت متذبذبة أو غير متذبذبة ، تتقارب إلى الصفر عندما  ، وكلها الحلول الغير مقيدة ، اما ان تكون متذبذبة أو غير متذبذبة تذهب إلى  عندما  يتم إعطاء بعض الأمثلة لتوضيح النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها.In this research, the oscillation and the asymptotic behavior of a half-linear three-dimensional neutral differential system of the second order have been studied, where all the non-oscillating solutions have been classified into 16 different classes, and then sufficient conditions were given to prove that most of these classes  are inactive and non-occurring, that is empty, as for the rest classes, it has been proven that all its bounded solutions, either oscillating or non-oscillating, converge to zero when , and all unbounded solutions, are either oscillating or non-oscillating, goes to  as . Some examples are given to illustrate the obtained result

Oscillation of First Order Neutral Integro-Differential Equations

In  this paper necessary and sufficient conditions were obtained to insure that  every solution of neutral integro-differential equations oscillates these  results improve and generalized Lemma 2.1, Theorem 2.2,  Theorem 2.3 in Olach(2005). Key words: Integro-differential equation, neutral equation

Oscillations of First Order Neutral Differential Equations with Positive and Negative Coefficients

Oscillation criterion is investigated for all solutions of the first-order linear neutral differential equations with positive and negative coefficients. Some sufficient conditions are established so that every solution of eq.(1.1) oscillate. Generalizing of some results in [4] and [5] are given. Examples are given to illustrated our main results

Oscillations of Third Order Nonlinear Neutral Differential Equations with Positive and Negative Coefficients

In this paper oscillation criterion is investigated for all solutions of the third-order non linear neutral  differential equations with positive and negative coefficients

OSCILLATION OF LINEAR NEUTRAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION OF THIRD ORDER

Abstract In this paper sufficient conditions for oscillation of bounded and all solutions of linear third order neutral delay differential equation are studied. Examples are inserted to illustrate the obtained results ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟرﺗﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻳدة‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‬ ‫ﺣﻠوﻝ‬ ‫ﺗذﺑذب

Assessment of Motorcycle Noise Exposure Levels (LAeq, dBA) at Various Noise Standards and Speeds

Motorcyclists (n=26) average noise exposure levels (LAeq) were found substantially different for OSHA-HC (85 dBA), OSHA-PEL (78 dBA) and ACGIH/NIOSH (87 dBA) noise standards. A significant difference in LAeq, (p=.027) and engine capacity usage (p=.045) was found amongst gender. However, no observable association was found between the LAeq and motorcycle engine capacity (p= .462) and completion of a ride (p= .695). Thus, female riders were inclined to use lower motorcycle capacities, rode at lower speeds which resulted in lower noise exposure levels, in concurrence with longer ride durations. Overall, motorcyclists’ noise exposure level functions with the increasing speed (80km/h: 88 dBA). Keywords: Motorcycle noise; Dosimeter; Speed; Noise standards eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.245

Effect of Motorcycling on Salivary Noise-Induced Cortisol among Young Motorcyclists

Saliva cortisol response was investigated from the motorcycling exposure for approximately 50 minutes between low and high noise-sensitive (Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale) young riders (19-25 years). The results showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in salivary cortisol concentrations in High-Noise Sensitive group (n = 27). Significant gender differences were found (p < 0.05) among the Low-Noise sensitive group (n = 30), after ride. Cross-analysis between groups was significant (p < 0.05) for before ride cortisol levels of Low-Noise sensitive group. This study suggests that subjective noise sensitivity plays a vital role in increased cortisol level among noise sensitive riders

Rare Case of Giant Asymptomatic Left Coronary Artery Aneurysm of 10 cm Associated with Coronary Cameral Fistula

A giant coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) associated with a coronary cameral fistula is an extremely rare finding. Most cases of CAAs are asymptomatic. The incidence of CAA varies between 0.3% to 5.3%. Due to advancements in diagnostic technologies, the incidence of CAA is on the rise. Even in the modern days of medical science, the clinical course of CAA is still unpredictable and the suitable timing for the treatment of CAA is still open to debate. We reported a case of a giant coronary artery aneurysm in a 38-year-old female, which was 9.4 x 9.7 x 9.2cm in size, arising from the left coronary artery, extending into the proximal circumflex, and draining into the right atrium, forming a fistula tract. The patient was diagnosed with the help of coronary computed tomography (CT) and cardiac catheterization after which surgery was performed to repair the aneurysm and fistula. Postoperatively, the patient recovered without any complication

Oscillations of First Order Linear Delay Differential Equations with positive and negative coefficients

Oscillation criteria are obtained for all solutions of the first-order linear delay differential equations with positive and negative coefficients where we established some sufficient conditions so that every solution of (1.1) oscillate. This paper generalized the results in [11]. Some examples are considered to illustrate our main results