Correlations of estrogen or progesterone receptors with grade of invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast in women referred to pathology center in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province Iran

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: عوامل متعددی در پیش آگهی سرطان پستان موثرند که از بین آنها بروز رسپتورهای استروژن و پروژسترون به دلیل نقش آنها در پیش آگهی و نحوه درمان مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته است. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین این رسپتورها در داکتال کارسینومای مهاجم و تعیین درجه این تومورها در زنان مبتلا به سرطان پستان در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی نمونه بیوپسی کلیه زنان مبتلا به سرطان پستان که در بین سال های 1380 تا 1384 به مراکز پاتولوژی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری مراجعه کرده و تشخیص داکتال کارسینومای مهاجم پستان در آنها به اثبات رسیده بود (56 نفر) بررسی شد. بعد از مشخص کردن درجه تمایز توموری بر اساس سیستم بلوم ریچاردسون، نمونه‌ها بر اساس ایمونوهیستوشیمیایی با تکنیک LSAB (Labeled Streptavidin Biotin) جهت بررسی وجود گیرنده‌های استروژن و پروژسترون رنگ آمیزی گردید. اطلاعات بدست آمده با استفاده از آزمون های کای دو، t و آنالیز واریانس تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: 56 مورد از نمونه های بافتی بررسی شده، مبتلا به سرطان مهاجم مجرایی بودند. میانگین سنی بیماران مبتلا 4/13±4/49 سال بود. نتایج درجه بندی تومور از نظر تمایز بافتی نشان داد 22 نفر تومور درجه III، 20 نفر تومور درجه II و 14 نفر تومور درجه I داشتند. در بررسی رسپتورهای استروژن و پروژسترون 2/27 نفر گیرنـــده استروژنی (ER+) و 23 نفر گیرنده پروژستـــرونی (PR+) داشتند. ارتباط معنی‌داری بین وجود گیرنده های استروژنی و پروژسترونی وجود نداشت. نتیجه گیری: اگرچه فراوانی گیرنده های استروژن و پروژسترون در داکتال کارسینومای مهاجم پستان در استان در حد مطلوبی بود. ولی میزان تمایز بافتی در 75 بیماران متوسط تا ضعیف بدست آمد که این مسئله پیش آگهی آنان را ضعیف‌تر می سازد. لذا آموزش لازم در مورد خودآزمایی پستان و انجام تست های غربالگری به منظور تشخیص زودهنگام بیماری ضروری است

The relation between severe density of Helicobacter pylori in biopsy with cigarette smoking and age in infected patients

Background and Aim: Helicobacter pylori infection is currently endemic worldwide health problem. The infection causes variety of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. It is clear that smoking is important to the development of disorders like intestinal disease. This study determines the relationship between H.pylori density and smoking. Materials and Methods: The study was performed in 247 patients (20-80 years) both sexes, with dyspepsia symptoms referred to Hajar hospital. Demographic data were recorded, such as age and smoking history. Patients were checked by 16 SrRNA and glmM genes polymerase chain reaction for H. pylori. Density of H.pylori graded according to the number of H.pylori bacteria counted in light microscopy by (x1000 magnified).also patient had to have smoked for more than 1 year. Results: We observed 67.61% of patients (167 of 247) were positive for H. pylori, and 32.39% were negative (80 of 247). In patients with dyspepsia, 36.4% in 20-40 age range, 42.1% in 41-61 and 21.5% in 62-80. Of total patients, 57.1% were smokers and in this number, 78.01% were H. pylori positive. Also study showed, in smokers and 3th age range, sever density of H.pylori was more than nonsmokers and other ranges. A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed when we compared density of bacteria by age and smoker with nonsmoker groups. Conclusions: H.pylori sever density can be related by cigarette smoking and age

Comparison of sensitivity and specificity of percutaneous needle biopsy with open biopsy for diagnosis of thoracic tumors

تومورهای ریه از شایعترین تومورهای بدخیم در زن و مرد هستند. با پیشرفت های اخیر در درمان این تومورها مثل انجام رادیوتراپی و یا شیمی درمانی قبل از عمل برای بعضی از انواع تومورها و نیز عدم نیاز به جراحی در بعضی موارد مثل لنفوم ها و تومور Small cell carcinoma ریه لزوم به داشتن تشخیص نسجی قبل از عمل امری ضروری به نظر می رسد و در این راستا سعی شده است که از روش های ارزان قیمت، دقیق و کم عارضه بهره برند. این مطالعه نیز با هدف بررسی نتایج بیوپسی سوزنی از راه پوست به عنوان یک روش ارزان، دقیق و کم عارضه و مقایسه این روش با روش استاندارد بیوپسی باز ریه انجام گرفته است. این مطالعه به علت کم بودن تعداد موارد مورد آزمایش و محدودیت زمانی به صورت یک Pilot study انجام شد و طی آن به مدت دو سال تعداد 61 مورد بیمار مشکوک به تومور ریه (که به وسیله (Fine needle aspiration=FNA) از طریق پوست (یا بیوپسی سوزنی از راه پوست) قابل دسترسی بودند) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و نتایج آنها با بیوپسی باز (به عنوان روش استاندارد) مقایسه گردید. در بین 61 مورد بیمار آزمون شده که از نظر کلینیکی و یافته های آزمایشگاهی و رادیولوژی مشکوک به تومور بودند باتوجه به نتایج حاصل از بیوپسی باز آنها 51 مورد تومور داشتند و 10 مورد به ضایعات غیرنئوپلاسمی مبتلا بودند. از 51 بیمار مبتلا به تومور در 25 مورد FNA دارای سلول کافی و قابل قضاوت بود که در آنها تشخیص صحیح نزدیک به نتایج حاصل از بیوپسی باز ریه گذاشته شد و در 18 مورد از 25 مورد تشخیص FNA با بیوپسی باز همخوانی کامل داشت. در 10 بیمار مبتلا به ضایعات غیر نئوپلاسمی مورد مثبت کاذب دیده نشد. براساس نتایج آماری حساسیت تشخیصی FNA برابر 49، اختصاصی بودن 100، ارزش پیش بینی کننده آزمایش مثبت 100 و ارزش پیش بینی کننده آزمایش منفی 28 برآورد گردید. البته اگر حساسیت تشخیصی را تنها در موارد FNA با نمونه کافی و رضایت بخش از لحاظ بررسی را محاسبه کنیم معادل 72 خواهد بود. از مجموع یافته ها می توان نتیجه گرفت که FNA یک روش دقیق و با حساسیت (Sensitivity) و اختصاصی بودن (Specificity) بالا در تشخیص تومورهای قفسه سینه بوده و به خصوص اگر این روش بوسیله افراد ماهر و باتجربه انجام گرفته و امکان تکرار نمونه برداری از طریق FNA نیز وجود داشته باشد دارای کارآیی بسیار بالایی خواهد بود

Study of association between helicobacter pylori infection and microalbuminuria in type-2 diabetic patients

BACKGROUND/AIMS: As default, Helicobacter pylori infection may cause systemic inflammation and vascular endothelial damage. Therefore, it can be assumed that the glomerular damage as a result may lead to an increase in urinary albumin excretion. In this study, this hypothesis was set, and the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and microalbuminuria was examined. METHODS: Ninety-three patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups as Helicobacter pylori infection-positive (Group 1) or -negative (Group 2). In all infected and non-infected patients, urinary albumin excretion and other parameters were compared. RESULTS: The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection was detected in 53 of 93 diabetic patients (56.98%). Diabetic patients infected by Helicobacter pylori (Group 1; 186.7±24.2 mg/24 h) showed significantly higher microalbuminuria than non-infected patients (Group 2; 131.2±11.6 mg/24 h) (p=0.012). Diabetics infected with Helicobacter pylori had significantly higher inflammation marker levels than non-infected patients (p<0.05). It has been concluded that the relation between microalbuminuria level and Helicobacter pylori infection in diabetics is independent from other study variables. CONCLUSIONS: Helicobacter pylori infection, because of the systemic inflammatory response, may play an important role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy or its development. In this study, demonstrating the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection with diabetic microalbuminuria, due to the small number of patients, is inadequate. Therefore, clinical and molecular studies involving more patients should be supported

Immunogenicity and efficacy of the Hoshino strain of mumps (MMR Vaccine) in Iran

Background: Mumps is an infectious and common disease during childhood. The vaccination against some epidemic diseases like mumps has been introduced in national program. This report describes the immunogenicity and efficacy of Hoshino strain of mumps (included in MMR vaccine) in Iran during 2 years. Methods: Three hundred and thirty eight children aged 3-18 years from Shahr-e-Kord, Iran were enrolled. They were tested for mumps IgG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The percent of susceptible mumps IgG negative children was 19.8% (67 subjects), among them, 36 received the MMR vaccination and successfully completed the study. Blood sample was collected by venipuncture at 3, 12, and 24 months after vaccination and serum samples were tested by ELISA for detection of mumps IgM and IgG. Results: The seroconversion rate was 86.1%, 77.7% and 75% at 3, 12, and 24 months after vaccination respectively. Conclusion: Although the early serocoversion rate was high, but later it declined to a level of 75% which is the same immunity as natural infection which means that the immunity after vaccination would not last for long period of time and there may be a need for introduction of the booster dose of vacc

Antibiotic Resistance in Food Poisoning Caused By Escherishia Coli O157:H7 in Hospitalized Patients At 5 Years in Iran

ABSTRACT Escherishia coliis bacteria that normally live in the intestines of humans. One particular Escherishia colistrain called 0157:H7 can cause severe diarrhea and kidney damage. The two major aims of this study were to detect this bacteria in stool of diarrheic patients and comparison between phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistantEscherishia coli0157:H7 strainin Iran. 325 diarrheal samples were collected through 2009-2013. Microbiological examinations were done to detect the E. coli O157:H7. PCR was used to identify dfrA1, sul1, citm,tetA, qnrgenes. Antibiotic resistance test was performed. Totally, 57 out of 325 sampleswere found to be contaminated withE. coli. Results showed the lowest resistance was for tetracycline (12.28%) while the highest resistance was for trimethoprim (71.92%). The resistance to sulfametoxazole, ciprofloxacin andampicillin was found in61.40%, 17.54% and47.36% of E. coli O157:H7 strains, respectively. The results of PCR showed 10 isolates contain sul1, 22 isolates containcitm, 6 isolates containtetA, 36 isolates containdfrA1, 9 isolates containqnr genes.Comparison between the phenotypic and genotypic of isolates revealed citm,tetA,dfrA1, qnr and sul1genes covered 38.59%, 10.52%, 63.15%, 15.78% and17.54%of the antibiotic resistances, respectively

The relationship between IL-17A and IL-22 expression and clinical severity in patients with moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis

t PURPOSE: Several reactions leading to numerous effects are regulated by IL-22. However, the relationship between IL-22 and immunopathogensis of allergic rhinitis (AR) has been rarely investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of IL-22 and IL-17A in AR patients and their association with clinical severity of persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty mild persistent allergic rhinitis (M PAR) patients, thirty moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis (M/S PAR) patients, and thirty healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Local production of IL-22 and IL-17A in PAR patients and healthy controls' nasal mucosa was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Serum levels of IL-22, IL-17A, specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE), and total IgE (tIgE) in PAR patients and healthy controls were determined by ELISA. In addition, blood eosinophil, nasal eosinophils per field, and total nasal syndrome score (TNSS) were also assessed. RESULTS: In comparison with healthy controls, production of IL-22 and IL-17A in M/S PAR patients increased significantly. Furthermore, serum levels as well as the mean number of IL-22+ and IL-17A+ cells in nasal mucosa correlated with sIgE, nasal eosinophil count, and TNSS. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study provide the first evidence that local production of IL-22 might be expressed in PAR patients. The expression of IL-22 and IL-17A, and their correlations with clinical parameters in PAR patients suggest the role of these cytokines in the events involved in the development of PAR

Immunogenicity and efficacy of Hoshino strain of Mumps Vaccine in Iran; two years study

This report describes the immunogenicity and efficacy and long term  immunity of Hoshino strain of Mumps (included in MMR Vaccine) in shahr-e-kord, Islamic Republic of Iran (I.R.Iran). A total of 338 Children aged 3-18 years were tested for Mumps IgG using enzyme-linked  immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proportion of susceptible, mumps IgG negative, children was 19.8% (67 subjects). Of the 67 susceptible children, 36 received the MMR vaccination and successfully completed the study. Blood was collected by venipuncture 3, 12, and 24 months after vaccination and serum samples were tested by ELISA for detection of Mumps IgM and IgG. The overall  seroconversion rate was 86.1%, 77.7% and 75% at 3, 12, and 24 months after vaccination respectively.Key Word: Elisa, Hoshino strain, Immunogenicity, Mumps, Vaccine

Association between H. pylori BabA virulence factor with clinical outcome and ABO blood groups

Helicobacter pylori infection is a prevalence infection 50% of the human population. The main H. pylori adhesin is the BabA, which was the first identified factor. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the ABO blood groups and various gastrointestinal diseases 140 patients, were included in this study. Gastric biopsies were taken for recognition of H.pylori by RUT and PCR. Blood samples were tested for ABO blood group. In the present study 140 H.pylori positive samples examined for the presence or absence of babA gene by PCR. From 140 patients, 35% were positive for babA gene and 65% were negative for this gene. Positivity rate of H. pylori babA infection was 42.4 % in blood group O, 18.8 % in blood group A, 100% in blood group B and 44.8 % in blood group AB. The frequencies of ABO blood group among endoscopic findings are predominant for Gastritis for group A. In our study, There was statistically significant difference in babA (+) and babA (–) were compared in endoscopy finding (P<0.001) and there was statistically significant difference in positivity rate of H.pylori infection among ABO blood groups (p< 0.001). The higher incidence of Gastritis and peptic ulcer was in patients with blood group A and AB and there was statistically significant between these symptoms (p= 0.02). Our results showed that the prevalence of babA genotype is associated with gastritis and gastric ulcer and there is a relation with ABO blood group

Differential Expression of Fas in Moderate/Severe and Mild Persistent Allergic Rhinitis and Its Correlation With Pathological Parameters

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The roles of Fas in immune system are multifaceted, and the interaction between Fas receptor and Fas ligand is essential for maintaining the immune tolerance. We aimed to assess the level of the expression of Fas receptor on nasal inferior turbinate mucosa in patients with mild persistent allergic rhinitis (M PAR) and moderate to severe (M/S) PAR and determined the relationship between disease severity and production of Fas. METHODS: A total of 70 patients with M/S PAR, 70 patients with M PAR, and 70 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. We obtained biopsies of nasal inferior turbinate mucosa from the participants. The expression of Fas mRNA was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The presence and location of Fas were determined by immunohistochemistry. The number of eosinophils per field, blood eosinophils, total serum IgE levels, and specific serum IgE levels were measured. Clinical manifestations of patients were assessed by Total Nasal Syndrome Score (TNSS). RESULTS: The expression of Fas in patients with M/S PAR was decreased significantly compared to the control group and patients with M PAR. Local mucosal expression of Fas was correlated with specific IgE, nasal eosinophil count, and TNSS. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, there might be a relationship between the expression of Fas receptor on nasal turbinate mucosa and the severity of persistent allergic rhiniti