Barack Obama’s current war powers can be traced back to the time of FDR

In September, a great deal of the debate over the potential for U.S. intervention in Syria centered on President Barack Obama’s ability to take action without consulting Congress. While many argued that this consultation was necessary, modern presidencies have been characterised by a lack of constraints where national security is concerned. Richard Moe traces the President’s current war powers back to the re-election of President Franklin D. Roosevelt for a third term in 1940. He writes that FDR’s leadership at the onset of World War II led to an expansion of the President’s war powers that continued for the following seven decades

Pleistocene Terraces of The Atlantic Coastal Plain

Pleistocene terraces on the Atlantic Coastal Plain have been recognized since the late 1800\u27s, and from four to seven terraces have been described throughout Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Florida. These terraces are now named Brandywine, Coharie, Sunderland, Wicomico, Penholoway, Talbot or Chowan, and Pamlico; and they are defined by relatively concordant shorelines at altitudes of 270-, 215-, 170-, 100-, 70-, 42-, and 25 feet above sea level. They have been correlated with respect to the glacial ages and substages and corresponding eustatic changes in sea level. The Various hypotheses regarding the origin of the terraces are: 1. Marine, with a cycle of marine deposition, uplift and erosion, and submergence with a continuous fall of sea level: 2. A dominantly fluvial origin; and 3. A combination fluvial-marine origin. No one hypothesis has been accepted completely, although the second marine hypothesis and the fluvial hypothesis have had more support than any other

A Genetic Approach to Tuning Compact Trie Clustering

The Compact Trie method for document clustering is sensitive to the kind oftext it is applied to, but contains various parameters that may be tuned foradaptation to specific applications. We implement a genetic algorithm foroptimizing these parameters and apply it to a corpus of texts to demonstratethe feasibility of using genetic algorithms for tuning

Dress Code Discrepancies in Middle School

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Long Term Consequences of the Fontan Procedure and How to Manage Them

In 1971, Fontan and Baudet described a surgical technique for successful palliation of patients with tricuspid atresia. Subsequently, this technique has been applied to treat most forms of functional single ventricles and has become the current standard of care for long-term palliation of all patients with single ventricle congenital heart disease. Since 1971, the Fontan procedure has undergone several variations. These patients require lifelong management including a thorough knowledge of their anatomic substrate, hemodynamic status, management of rhythm and ventricular function along with multi organ evaluation. As these patients enter middle age, there is increasing awareness regarding the long-term complications and mortality. This review highlights the long-term outcomes of the Fontan procedure and management of late sequelae

Conditions for just offshore wind energy: Addressing the societal challenges of the North Sea wind industry

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Carbon Dioxide Sequestering Using Microalgal Systems

This project evaluated key design criteria, the technical feasibility, and the preliminary economic viability of a CO{sub 2}-sequestering system integrated with a coal-fired power plant based on microalgae biofixation. A review of relevant literature was conducted, and a bench-scale algal-based sequestration system was constructed and operated to verify algal growth capabilities using a simulated flue gas stream. The bench-scale system was a 20-gallon glass aquarium with a 16-gallon operating volume and was direct-sparged with a simulated flue gas. The flue gas composition was based on flue gas analyses for a 550-MW Coal Creek Power Station boiler in Underwood, North Dakota, which averaged 12.1% CO{sub 2}, 5.5% O{sub 2}, 423 ppm SO{sub 2}, 124 ppm NO{sub x}, and an estimated 50 mg/m{sup 3} fly ash loading. The algae were grown in Bold's basal growth medium. Lighting was provided using a two-tube fluorescent ''grow-light'' bulb fixture mounted directly above the tank. Algal growth appeared to be inhibited in the presence of SO{sub 2} using mixed cultures of green and blue-green cultures of algae. Samples of Monoraphidium strain MONOR02 and Nannochloropsis NANNO02 algal samples were obtained from the University of Hawaii Culture Collection. These samples did not exhibit inhibited growth in the presence of all the simulated flue gas constituents, but growth rates were somewhat lower than those expected, based on the review of literature. Samples of harvested algae were analyzed for protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content. A lipid content of 26% appeared to be fairly normal for algae, and it did not appear that large amounts of nitrogen were being fixed and promoting growth, nor were the algae starved for nitrogen. Proteins made up 41% of the total mass, and carbohydrates were assumed to be 33% (by difference). A preliminary economic analysis showed the costs of an integrated system based on microalgae biofixation to sequester 25% of the CO{sub 2} from a 550-MW coal-fired power plant could be recovered if the value recovered from the harvested algae was approximately $97. The analysis indicated the potential to produce 2427 tpd of algae at 12% moisture (2136 tpd dry weight). Of this, approximately 876 tpd of protein could be recovered and used as an animal feed. Similarly, an estimated 555 tpd of lipids could be recovered for use in the production of liquid fuels and chemicals. Approximately 705 tpd of carbohydrates would also be recovered. These carbohydrates may be suitable as a fermentation feedstock for the production of alcohols or organic acids