234 research outputs found
On the crosscorrelation between Gravitational Wave Detectors for detecting association with Gamma Ray Bursts
Crosscorrelation of the outputs of two Gravitational Wave (GW) detectors has
recently been proposed [1] as a method for detecting statistical association
between GWs and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). Unfortunately, the method can be
effectively used only in the case of stationary noise. In this work a different
crosscorrelation algorithm is presented, which may effectively be applied also
in non-stationary conditions for the cumulative analysis of a large number of
GRBs. The value of the crosscorrelation at zero delay, which is the only one
expected to be correlated to any astrophysical signal, is compared with the
distribution of crosscorrelation of the same data for all non-zero delays
within the integration time interval. This background distribution is gaussian,
so the statistical significance of an experimentally observed excess would be
well-defined.
Computer simulations using real noise data of the cryogenic GW detectors
Explorer and Nautilus with superimposed delta-like signals were performed, to
test the effectiveness of the method, and theoretical estimates of its
sensitivity compared to the results of the simulation. The effectiveness of the
proposed algorithm is compared to that of other cumulative techniques, finding
that the algorithm is particularly effective in the case of non-gaussian noise
and of a large (100-1000s) and unpredictable delay between GWs and GRBs.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Submitted by Phys. Rev.
The immune landscape of thyroid cancer in the context of immune checkpoint inhibition
Immune cells play critical roles in tumor prevention as well as initiation and progression. However, immune-resistant cancer cells can evade the immune system and proceed to form tumors. The normal microenvironment (immune cells, fibroblasts, blood and lymphatic vessels, and interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM)) maintains tissue homeostasis and prevents tumor initiation. Inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species, cytokines, and chemokines from an altered microenvironment promote tumor growth. During the last decade, thyroid cancer, the most frequent cancer of the endocrine system, has emerged as the fifth most incident cancer in the United States (USA), and its incidence is steadily growing. Inflammation has long been associated with thyroid cancer, raising critical questions about the role of immune cells in its pathogenesis. A plethora of immune cells and their mediators are present in the thyroid cancer ecosystem. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting immune checkpoints, such as mAbs anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4) and anti-programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1), have revolutionized the treatment of many malignancies, but they induce thyroid dysfunction in up to 10% of patients, presumably by enhancing autoimmunity. Combination strategies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with tyrosine kinase (TK) or serine/threonine protein kinase B-raf (BRAF) inhibitors are showing considerable promise in the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer. This review illustrates how different immune cells contribute to thyroid cancer development and the rationale for the antitumor effects of ICIs in combination with BRAF/TK inhibitors
Search algorithm for a gravitational wave signal in association with Gamma Ray Burst GRB030329 using the LIGO detectors
One of the brightest Gamma Ray Burst ever recorded, GRB030329, occurred
during the second science run of the LIGO detectors. At that time, both
interferometers at the Hanford, WA LIGO site were in lock and acquiring data.
The data collected from the two Hanford detectors was analyzed for the presence
of a gravitational wave signal associated with this GRB. This paper presents a
detailed description of the search algorithm implemented in the current
analysis.Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of 8th Gravitational Wave Data Analysis
Workshop (Milwaukee, WI) (Class. Quantum Grav.
Search for correlation between GRB's detected by BeppoSAX and gravitational wave detectors EXPLORER and NAUTILUS
Data obtained during five months of 2001 with the gravitational wave (GW)
detectors EXPLORER and NAUTILUS were studied in correlation with the gamma ray
burst data (GRB) obtained with the BeppoSAX satellite. During this period
BeppoSAX was the only GRB satellite in operation, while EXPLORER and NAUTILUS
were the only GW detectors in operation.
No correlation between the GW data and the GRB bursts was found. The
analysis, performed over 47 GRB's, excludes the presence of signals of
amplitude h >=1.2 * 10^{-18}, with 95 % probability, if we allow a time delay
between GW bursts and GRB within +-400 s, and h >= 6.5 * 10^{-19}, if the time
delay is within +- 5 s. The result is also provided in form of scaled
likelihood for unbiased interpretation and easier use for further analysis.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures. Latex file, compiled with cernik.cls (provided
in the package
Effect of cosmic rays on the resonant gravitational wave detector NAUTILUS at temperature T=1.5 K
The interaction between cosmic rays and the gravitational wave bar detector
NAUTILUS is experimentally studied with the aluminum bar at temperature of
T=1.5 K. The results are compared with those obtained in the previous runs when
the bar was at T=0.14 K. The results of the run at T = 1.5 K are in agreement
with the thermo-acoustic model; no large signals at unexpected rate are
noticed, unlike the data taken in the run at T = 0.14 K. The observations
suggest a larger efficiency in the mechanism of conversion of the particle
energy into vibrational mode energy when the aluminum bar is in the
superconductive status.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Accepted by Physics Letters
Correlation between Gamma-Ray bursts and Gravitational Waves
The cosmological origin of -ray bursts (GRBs) is now commonly
accepted and, according to several models for the central engine, GRB sources
should also emit at the same time gravitational waves bursts (GWBs). We have
performed two correlation searches between the data of the resonant
gravitational wave detector AURIGA and GRB arrival times collected in the BATSE
4B catalog. No correlation was found and an upper limit \bbox{} on the averaged amplitude of gravitational waves
associated with -ray bursts has been set for the first time.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Macrophage-polarizing stimuli differentially modulate the inflammatory profile induced by the secreted phospholipase A2 group IA in human lung macrophages
In this study we investigated the effects of snake venom Group IA secreted phospholipase A2 (svGIA) on the release of inflammatory and angiogenic mediators from human lung macrophages (HLMs). HLMs were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or svGIA with or without macrophage-polarizing stimuli (IL-4, IL-10, IFN-Îł or the adenosine analogue NECA). M2-polarizing cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-1ÎČ, CXCL8 and CCL1 release induced by both LPS and svGIA. IL-4 inhibited also the release of IL-10. IFN-Îł reduced IL-10 and IL-12 and increased CCL1 release by both the LPS and svGIA-stimulated HLMs, conversely IFN-Îł reduced IL-1ÎČ only by svGIA-stimulated HLMs. In addition, IFNÎł promoted TNF-α and IL-6 release from svGIA-stimulated HLMs to a greater extent than LPS. NECA inhibited TNF-α and IL-12 but promoted IL-10 release from LPS-stimulated HLMs according to the well-known effect of adenosine in down-regulating M1 activation. By contrast NECA reduced TNF-α, IL-10, CCL1 and IL-1ÎČ release from svGIA-activated HLM. IL-10 and NECA increased both LPS- and svGIA-induced vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) release. By contrast, IL-10 reduced angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1) production from activated HLMs. IFN-Îł and IL-4 reduced VEGF-A and ANGPT1 release from both LPS- and svGIA-activated HLMs. Moreover, IL-10 inhibited LPS-induced ANGPT2 production. In conclusion, we demonstrated a fine-tuning modulation of svGIA-activated HLMs differentially exerted by the classical macrophage-polarizing cytokines
Particle acoustic detection in gravitational wave aluminum resonant antennas
The results on cosmic rays detected by the gravitational antenna NAUTILUS
have motivated an experiment (RAP) based on a suspended cylindrical bar, which
is made of the same aluminum alloy as NAUTILUS and is exposed to a high energy
electron beam. Mechanical vibrations originate from the local thermal expansion
caused by warming up due to the energy lost by particles crossing the material.
The aim of the experiment is to measure the amplitude of the fundamental
longitudinal vibration at different temperatures. We report on the results
obtained down to a temperature of about 4 K, which agree at the level of about
10% with the predictions of the model describing the underlying physical
process.Comment: RAP experiment, 16 pages, 7 figure
All-sky upper limit for gravitational radiation from spinning neutron stars
We present results of the all-sky search for gravitational-wave signals from
spinning neutron stars in the data of the EXPLORER resonant bar detector. Our
data analysis technique was based on the maximum likelihood detection method.
We briefly describe the theoretical methods that we used in our search. The
main result of our analysis is an upper limit of for
the dimensionless amplitude of the continuous gravitational-wave signals coming
from any direction in the sky and in the narrow frequency band from 921.00 Hz
to 921.76 Hz.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Proceedings of 7th Gravitational
Wave Data Analysis Workshop, December 17-19, 2002, Kyoto, Japa
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