Perancangan Dan Pembuatan Aktuator CO2 Dan Suhu Pada Sistem Live Cell Chamber

Live Cell Chamber merupakan terobosan penting dalam bidang medical engineering. Live Cell Chamber tersusun atas 4 sensor, 2 mikrokontroler dan 4 aktuator. Penggunaan sensor berfungsi untuk membaca keadaan lingkungan chamber, mikrokontroler berfungsi mengolah data dari sensor dan aktuator berfungsi untuk pengatur kondisi chamber berdasarkan kondisi yang dibaca oleh sensor. Solenoid valve merupakan aktuator yang berfungsi mengatur kadar CO2 dalam chamber dengan metode on/off pada driver nya. Peltier merupakan aktuator yang berfungsi menjaga suhu dalam chamber dengan metode on/off pada driver nya.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa driver on/off kedua aktuator memiliki respon waktu yang singkat ketika mendapat masukan dari mikrokontroler sebesar ± 1 ms. Respon waktu aktuator suhu sebesar ± 38 menit untuk mencapai set poin suhu yaitu 36 0C dengan suhu awal chamber 26 0C. Respon waktu aktuator CO2 sebesar 23 detik untuk mencapai kadar CO2 sebesar 4,47%. Dalam uji kepresisian aktuator suhu selama 24 jam didapatkan rata-rata simpangan terhadap setpoint suhu sebesar 0,4838888890C dan simpangan terbesar yaitu 320C dan uji kepresisian aktuator CO2 rata-rata simpangan terhadap setpoint CO2 sebesar 0.149027778% dan simpangan terbesar yaitu 3,89%

Body Mass Index Sebagai Prediktor Terjadinya Perdarahan Uterus Akibat Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Depo-Medroksiprogesteron Asetat : Pendekatan Endokrinologi Hormon Estradiol Dan Progesteron

Menstrual bleeding disturbances is the most common reason for discontinuation of DMPA use. However, the mechanism of this bleeding disturbances are not well understood. Simple and reliable management have not yet been investigated. There are some indications that bleeding patterns with low-dose progestogen-only methods are influenced by body weight. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between obesity and endometrial bleeding in DMPA user. The study used prospective design with analytical observation. The subjects were divided in to two groups : obese-(BMI ~ 20.16) and non obese - . (BMI < 20.16) group. The independent variables were obesity (BMI), serum estradiol and progesterone concentration. Time series data of estradiol and progesterone were collected by dividing each group into 9 subgroups randomly. The dependent variable was endometrial bleeding that occurred in the first 3 months after injection and collected by using the Bleeding Card. There was a significant difference on estradiol concentration between obese and non obese group (p = 0.028). Estradiol concentration of non obese group showed a greater fluctuation than the obese group {p = 0.0001 ). The difference of estradiol concentration was also found between the bleeding and the amenorrhae group (p = 0.011 ), and the bleeding group showed greater fluctuation of estradiol concentration than amenorrhea group. On the other hand, progesterone concentration were very low ( < 1 ng I ml), and there wasn't significant difference between obese group and non obese group (p = 0.611 ). Logistic Regression Analysis presented highly significant correlation between BMI and endometrial bleeding (r=-0.43; p = 0.001 ). Discriminate value of BMI 21 .63 was found by discriminant analysis. These result suggested that DMPA users tend to suffer from endometrial bleeding if their BMI are less than 21 .63 and amenorrhea if their BMI are more than or equal to 21 .63