La imagen metafórica de una persona en la prosa rusa durante la primera mitad del siglo XX

The originality of the author’s individual metaphor in the Russian prose during the first half of the XX century was researched in the article. The specific of the metaphorical description of the inner world of a person and his social existence were considered in the works of I. A. Bunin, V. V. Nabokov, M. M. Prishvin, I. S. Shmelev.En el artículo se investigó la originalidad de la metáfora individual del autor en la prosa rusa durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Lo específico de la descripción metafórica del mundo interior de una persona y su existencia social se consideraron en las obras de I. A. Bunin, V. V. Nabokov, M. M. Prishvin, I. S. Shmelev

Ultrasmall Nanodiamonds: Perspectives and Questions

Nanodiamonds are at the heart of a plethora of emerging applications in areas ranging from nanocomposites and tribology to nanomedicine and quantum sensing. The development of alternative synthesis methods, a better understanding, and the availability of ultrasmall nanodiamonds of less than 3 nm size with a precisely engineered composition, including the particle surface and atomic defects in the diamond crystal lattice, would mark a leap forward for many existing and future applications. Yet today, we are unable to accurately control nanodiamond composition at the atomic scale, nor can we reliably create and isolate particles in this size range. In this perspective, we discuss recent advances, challenges, and opportunities in the synthesis, characterization, and application of ultrasmall nanodiamonds. We particularly focus on the advantages of bottom-up synthesis of these particles and critically assess the physicochemical properties of ultrasmall nanodiamonds, which significantly differ from those of larger particles and bulk diamond

Functionalized Nanodiamond Reinforced Biopolymers

The present invention includes a composition for implantation in a patient, comprising surface-functionalized nanodiamonds and at least one biodegradable biocompatible polymer. The present invention also includes a surgical fixation device for use in a patient

Adhesion of two-dimensional titanium carbides (MXenes) and graphene to silicon

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides (MXenes) have attracted a great interest of the research community as a relatively recently discovered large class of materials with unique electronic and optical properties. Understanding of adhesion between MXenes and various substrates is critically important for MXene device fabrication and performance. We report results of direct atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of adhesion of two MXenes (Ti3C2Tx and Ti2CTx) with a SiO2 coated Si spherical tip. The Maugis-Dugdale theory was applied to convert the AFM measured adhesion force to adhesion energy, while taking into account surface roughness. The obtained adhesion energies were compared with those for mono-, bi-, and tri-layer graphene, as well as SiO2 substrates. The average adhesion energies for the MXenes are 0.90 ± 0.03 J m-2 and 0.40 ± 0.02 J m-2 for thicker Ti3C2Tx and thinner Ti2CTx, respectively, which is of the same order of magnitude as that between graphene and silica tip

DYNAMICS OF YOUTH ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR OF RUSSIAN PROVINCE IN A SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY SITUATION

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в условиях социально-экономической нестабильности теме электоральной активности молодежи. Предметом анализа являются особенности электорального поведения молодежи российской провинции (на примере Белгородской области) и эволюция моделей электорального поведения общества переходного типа.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют количественные и качественные методы прикладного социологического исследования: социологический опрос, системный подход, логический, сравнительный, статистический и другие общенаучные методы.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в выявлении трансформации модели электорального поведения молодежи, которое становится все более целерациональным.Область применения результатов. Практическая значимость работы связана с разработкой рекомендаций органам государственной и муниципальной власти в сфере совершенствования технологий повышения электоральной активности молодежи в ходе предстоящих в России избирательных кампаний 2017–2020 гг.Purpose. The article is devoted to actual theme of electoral activity of the youth in a social and economic instability situation. The subject of the analysis are some features of electoral behavior of youth of Russian province (on the example of Belgorod region) and the evolution of models of electoral behavior of a transition type society.Methodology. The research basis is formed by quantitative and qualitative methods of applied sociological research such as sociological poll, system approach, logical, comparative, statistical and other general scientific methods.Results. The results of work consist in revealing of transformation of the model of youth electoral behavior which becomes more and more object-rational.Practical implications. The practical importance of work is connected with the development of recommendations to state and municipal power bodies in the scope of perfection of technologies of youth electoral activity increase in the course of forthcoming election campaigns in Russia in 2017–2020

Achieving Superlubricity with 2D Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes) and MXene/Graphene Coatings

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have demonstrated unique friction and antiwear properties unmatched by their bulk (3D) counterparts. A relatively new, large and quickly growing family of two-dimensional early transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) present a great potential in different applications. There is a growing interest in understanding the mechanical and tribological properties of MXenes, however, no report of MXene superlubricity in a solid lubrication process at the macroscale has been presented. Here we investigate the tribological properties of two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti3C2) MXene deposited on SiO2-coated silicon (Si) substrates subjected to wear by sliding against a diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated steel ball counterbody using a ball-on-disc tribometer. We have observed that a reduction of the friction coefficient to the superlubric regime (0.0067 ± 0.0017) can be achieved with Ti3C2 MXene in dry nitrogen environment. Moreover, the addition of graphene to Ti3C2 further reduced the friction by 37.3% and wear by the factor of 2 as compared to Ti3C2 alone, while the superlubricity behavior of the MXene remains unchanged. These results open up new possibilities for exploring the family of MXenes in various tribological applications

Separation and Liquid Chromatography Using a Single Carbon Nanotube

Use of a single template-grown carbon nanotube as a separation column to separate attoliter volumes of binary mixtures of fluorescent dyes has been demonstrated. The cylindrical nanotube walls are used as stationary phase and the surface area is increased by growing smaller multi-walled carbon nanotubes within the larger nanotube column. Liquid-liquid extraction is performed to separate selectively soluble solutes in a solvent, and chromatographic separation is demonstrated using thin, long nanotubes coated inside with iron oxide nanoparticles. The setup is also used to determine the diffusion coefficient of a solute at the sub-micrometer scale. This study opens avenues for analytical chemistry in attoliter volumes of fluids for various applications and cellular analysis at the single cell level

Molecular Dynamics Study of the Mechanical Properties of the Grapheme-like Titanium Carbide Ti2C

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study the mechanical properties of two-dimensional titanium carbide under tensile deformation. Young modulus was calculated from the linear part of strain-stress curve. From the radial distribution function it is found that the structure of the simulated samples is preserved during the deformation process. Calculated values of the elastic constants are in good agreement with the DFT data

Molecular Dynamics Study of the Mechanical Properties of the Grapheme-like Titanium Carbide Ti2C

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study the mechanical properties of two-dimensional titanium carbide under tensile deformation. Young modulus was calculated from the linear part of strain-stress curve. From the radial distribution function it is found that the structure of the simulated samples is preserved during the deformation process. Calculated values of the elastic constants are in good agreement with the DFT data

Perspectives of 2D MXene Tribology

The Large and Rapidly Growing Family of 2D Early Transition Metal Carbides, Nitrides, and Carbonitrides (MXenes) Raises Significant Interest in the Materials Science and Chemistry of Materials Communities. Discovered a Little More Than a Decade Ago, MXenes Have Already Demonstrated Outstanding Potential in Various Applications Ranging from Energy Storage to Biology and Medicine. the Past Two Years Have Witnessed Increased Experimental and Theoretical Efforts toward Studying MXenes\u27 Mechanical and Tribological Properties When Used as Lubricant Additives, Reinforcement Phases in Composites, or Solid Lubricant Coatings. Although Research on the Understanding of the Friction and Wear Performance of MXenes under Dry and Lubricated Conditions is Still in its Early Stages, It Has Experienced Rapid Growth Due to the Excellent Mechanical Properties and Chemical Reactivities Offered by MXenes that Make Them Adaptable to Being Combined with Other Materials, Thus Boosting their Tribological Performance. in This Perspective, the Most Promising Results in the Area of MXene Tribology Are Summarized, Future Important Problems to Be Pursued Further Are Outlined, and Methodological Recommendations that Could Be Useful for Experts as Well as Newcomers to MXenes Research, in Particular, to the Emerging Area of MXene Tribology, Are Provided