Zakaz wstępu na imprezy masowe jako środek reakcji na chuligaństwo stadionowe

Chuligaństwo stadionowe z uwagi na masowość zjawiska znajduje się w centrum uwagi społeczeństwa, a właściwa mu agresywność przejawiająca się w zamachach dokonywanych głównie publicznie, stanowi przez to wyzwanie rzucone społeczeństwu. Na gruncie prawa o chuligańskim charakterze czynu decyduje: umyślność działania sprawcy, godzenie w porządek lub spokój publiczny albo niszczenie lub uszkadzanie mienia, publiczność działania sprawcy oraz działanie bez powodu lub z oczywiście błahego powodu, okazane rażącego lekceważenia podstawowych zasad porządku prawnego. Jednym ze środków reakcji na chuligaństwo stadionowe jest zakaz wstępu na imprezy masowe, połączony z obowiązkiem osobistego stawiennictwa, w jednostce organizacyjnej Policji lub miejscu określonym przez właściwego, ze względu na miejsce zamieszkania osoby ukaranej komendanta powiatowego (rejonowego, miejskiego) Policji, w czasie trwania masowej imprezy sportowej. Zasada indywidualizacji nakazuje dokonać wyodrębnienia imprez, których dotyczy zakaz.Nowadays football hooliganism is a mass phenomenon which attracts attention of the society, and its aggressiveness especially in public assaults poses a challenge to the society. According to the law a football-related offence is an act in which the offender behaves intentionally in order to disturb public security and safety or to steal or destroy somebody's property, also it is an action with no reason or insignificant reason, with no respect for basic legal principles. Football banning order both with personal and obligatory appearance at a proper police station during the football game is one of many measures taken to stop hooligans from public disorder acts. One of the measures is an entry ban to mass events combined with the need to appear in person at a police station suitable for the place of living of the punished person. Individualization rule is to choose events for which the above is relevant.Учитывая массовый характер хулиганства на стадионах это явление находится в центре внимания общества, а его большая агрессивность проявляющаяся, главным образом, в массовых беспорядках, становится вызовом для всей общественности. Закон рассматривает это преступление как: умышленные действия виновного, нарушение общественного правопорядка, уничтожение или повреждение имущества, противообщественные действия виновного, действие без повода или с использованием незначительного повода, оказание крайнего пренебрежения к нормам общественного порядка. Одним из средств ответных действий направленных на пресечение хулиганства на стадионах является запрет посещения массовых мероприятий с одновременной обязанностью явки в специальном отделе полиции или, принимая во внимание местожительство правонарушителя, в районном или городском отделении полиции, во время прохождения массового спортивного мероприятия. Индивидуальный принцип требует указать мероприятия, которые запрещено посещать нарушителю

Rola rezonansu magnetycznego w ocenie stopnia zaawansowania raka szyjki macicy

Magnetic resonance belongs to a group of modern diagnostic methods which, together with classic gynecological, transvaginal ultrasound and histopathological examinations, should be routinely used in patients with suspicion or diagnosed cervical malignancies. The procedure allows precise localization and staging of the tumor, as well as evaluation of the volume of the local lymph nodes. Obtained data are useful in selection of optimal therapy and evaluation of cancer progression. Intravenous injection of the paramagnetic contrast media significantly increases diagnosis accuracy, especially of small lesions. It is also helpful in differentiation of post-radiotherapy changes and malignant infiltration. The new applications, such as diffusion weighted imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and fat or water saturation are also widely used to improve final diagnosis. The endovaginal receiver coil allows high spatial resolution imaging of the cervix, which is particularly useful in very small, controversial lesions.Tomografia rezonansu magnetycznego należy do nowoczesnych metod obrazowania ciała, która wraz z podmiotowym badaniem ginekologicznym, ultrasonografią przezpochowową i oceną histopatologiczną powinna być rutynowo stosowana w diagnostyce pacjentek z podejrzeniem lub potwierdzonym złośliwym rozrostem w obrębie szyjki macicy. Metoda umożliwia dokładną ocenę lokalizacji i zaawansowania nowotworu oraz objętości okolicznych węzłów chłonnych. Uzyskane dane pozwalają na wybór najlepszego sposobu leczenia oraz są istotne przy ocenie postępu choroby. Podanie paramagnetycznych środków kontrastowych znacząco poprawia diagnostykę małych zmian. Jest również pomocne w różnicowaniu zmian popromiennych od naciekowych. Diagnostykę poszerza się również o ocenę dyfuzji, obrazowanie w opcji saturacji tłuszczu i wody oraz spektroskopię rezonansu magnetycznego. W małych zmianach zalecane jest również wykonanie badania dodatkową sondą pochwową

Place of residence does not significantly influence radiological morphology of cervical cancer

Introduction and objective Cervical squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies of women. Its incidence and morphology was analyzed based on the magnetic resonance (MR) data among rural and urban residents. Material and Methods The study involved 61 Caucasian women (58.26±9.63 years) preliminary diagnosed with a cervical cancer without any previous treatment. Standard MR examination, including diffusion weighted imagining, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value measurement and dynamic contrast enhancement, was performed. Results The rural residents (n=22) were insignificantly older. Their first and last menstruation were observed later and number of pregnancy was higher than in urban women (n=39). However, the incidence of miscarriage was insignificantly rarer. All the tumour linear diameters as well as its volume were insignificantly higher in rural women. The ADC value of the cervical tumor was insignificantly lower, while ADC of lymphatic nodules was higher in rural women. Insignificant changes in tumour grade between both examined groups were found in histological, clinical and radiological examinations. Place of residence did not influence any clinical symptoms nor tumour volume and its ADC. Colporrhoea and colpodynia were insignificantly more often observed in urban women, while parametrium, urinary bladder and rectal infiltrations were more commonly seen in rural residents. Higher risk of lymphatic spread to the internal iliac and parametral lymphatic nodes was reporte[b]d in the rural community. Conclusions Cervical cancer had similar morphology and growth pattern, regardless of the place of residence. However, a insignificantly larger tumour size among rural residents may suggest a higher incidence of lymphatic spread, probably as a result of less aaccess to modern health care

Place of residence does not significantly influence radiological morphology of cervical cancer

Introduction and objective Cervical squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies of women. Its incidence and morphology was analyzed based on the magnetic resonance (MR) data among rural and urban residents. Material and Methods The study involved 61 Caucasian women (58.26±9.63 years) preliminary diagnosed with a cervical cancer without any previous treatment. Standard MR examination, including diffusion weighted imagining, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value measurement and dynamic contrast enhancement, was performed. Results The rural residents (n=22) were insignificantly older. Their first and last menstruation were observed later and number of pregnancy was higher than in urban women (n=39). However, the incidence of miscarriage was insignificantly rarer. All the tumour linear diameters as well as its volume were insignificantly higher in rural women. The ADC value of the cervical tumor was insignificantly lower, while ADC of lymphatic nodules was higher in rural women. Insignificant changes in tumour grade between both examined groups were found in histological, clinical and radiological examinations. Place of residence did not influence any clinical symptoms nor tumour volume and its ADC. Colporrhoea and colpodynia were insignificantly more often observed in urban women, while parametrium, urinary bladder and rectal infiltrations were more commonly seen in rural residents. Higher risk of lymphatic spread to the internal iliac and parametral lymphatic nodes was reporte[b]d in the rural community. Conclusions Cervical cancer had similar morphology and growth pattern, regardless of the place of residence. However, a insignificantly larger tumour size among rural residents may suggest a higher incidence of lymphatic spread, probably as a result of less aaccess to modern health care

Football banning order as a preventative measure to stop football hooliganism

Nowadays football hooliganism is a mass phenomenon which attracts attention of the society, and its aggressiveness especially in public assaults poses a challenge to the society. According to the law a football-related offence is an act in which the offender behaves intentionally in order to disturb public security and safety or to steal or destroy somebody’s property, also it is an action with no reason or insignificant reason, with no respect for basic legal principles. Football banning order both with personal and obligatory appearance at a proper police station during the football game is one of many measures taken to stop hooligans from public disorder acts. One of the measures is an entry ban to mass events combined with the need to appear in person at a police station suitable for the place of living of the punished person. Individualization rule is to choose events for which the above is relevant.Chuligaństwo stadionowe z uwagi na masowość zjawiska znajduje się w centrum uwagi społeczeństwa, a właściwa mu agresywność przejawiająca się w zamachach dokonywanych głównie publicznie, stanowi przez to wyzwanie rzucone społeczeństwu. Na gruncie prawa o chuligańskim charakterze czynu decyduje: umyślność działania sprawcy, godzenie w porządek lub spokój publiczny albo niszczenie lub uszkadzanie mienia, publiczność działania sprawcy oraz działanie bez powodu lub z oczywiście błahego powodu, okazane rażącego lekceważenia podstawowych zasad porządku prawnego. Jednym ze środków reakcji na chuligaństwo stadionowe jest zakaz wstępu na imprezy masowe, połączony z obowiązkiem osobistego stawiennictwa, w jednostce organizacyjnej Policji lub miejscu określonym przez właściwego, ze względu na miejsce zamieszkania osoby ukaranej komendanta powiatowego (rejonowego, miejskiego) Policji, w czasie trwania masowej imprezy sportowej. Zasada indywidualizacji nakazuje dokonać wyodrębnienia imprez, których dotyczy zakaz

Incidence of perineurial cysts depends on their number and localization.

<p>Incidence of perineurial cysts depends on their number and localization.</p

Incidence of perineurial cysts in relation to the vertebral/spinal level.

<p>Absolute number of MR examinations per selected spinal region: cervical –221 (146/75; female/male), thoracic –108 (69/39), thoraco-cervical –36 (25/11), thoraco-lumbar –55 (35/20), lumbo-sacral –422 (268/154).</p>a<p>absolute number of perineurial cysts/total number of examinations in which the proper part of vertebral column was evaluated.</p>b<p>relative incidence (%) of perineurial cysts in relation to the total number of the proper level of vertebral column.</p>c<p>each patient may be seen more then once in table since some multiple cysts were seen on adjusted parts of the vertebral column (e.g., cervical and thoracic, thoracic and lumbar, lumbar and sacral).</p>*<p>p<0.05 female vs male.</p

63-year-old woman with bilateral perineurial cysts on the T1 level (between T1 and T2).

<p>Sagittal section on T1- (A) and FST2-weighted (B) images with a view of the left lesion. Frontal T2-weighted section (C) and MR mielography (D). Axial T2-weighted (E) image.</p

Age (year) and maximal sagittal diameter (mm) of perineurial cysts or the biggest one in case of multiple changes. Data presented as Mean ± S.D.

<p>Age (year) and maximal sagittal diameter (mm) of perineurial cysts or the biggest one in case of multiple changes. Data presented as Mean ± S.D.</p

60-year-old woman with a perineurial cyst in the right T6 intervertebral foramen (between T6-T7), other cysts are not visible due to scoliosis.

<p>Sagittal section on T1- (A) and T2-weighted (B) images. Axial T2-weighted (C) image.</p