Application of chitin derivatives for removal of radionuclides from radioactive effluent

In this study shrimp shell waste and their derivatives Chitin and Chitosan were studied for 60Co, 137Cs, 90Sr and 54Mn adsorption from low-level radioactive liquid waste (LLW) in batch and 137 continuous method. Shrimp shell waste, demineralized shrimp shell waste, Chitin and Chitosan were selected as natural organic adsorbent. The batch and column ion exchange experimental results show that the sorption was depended on pH, particle size, adsorbent type, deacetylation factor and treating tine. Temperature changes have an effect on treating time but no effect on total sorption. Chitin derivatives, particularly chitosan I & 2, are efficient for radioisotopes removal. Chitosan I with 50-70% deacetylation factor has the best aptitude for removal of radioisotopes and the shrimp shell has the worse

SMOKE AND VAPOR PLUME MERGENCE

Observations at power plants have indicated that vapor plumes emitted from cooling towers frequently merge with smoke plumes released from stacks. Mergence of cooling tower and stack plume leads to formation of acidic compounds which have adverse effects on the en- vironment. Wind speed and direction play an important role in merging smoke and vapor plume. This paper lists some arguments to verify that studies have not sufficiently addressed stack and cooling tower plume mergence. In conclusion, the present authors hope to find more information in the future with regard to vapor and smoke plume mergence

Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals Resulting from Acidic Sludge of Eshtehard Industrial Town using Native Pasture Plants

Phytoremediation of heavy metals is considered as an inexpensive and practical technique for purifying contaminated soil, especially when eco-friendly native pasture plants of the contaminated area are used. In this study, heavy metals in soil including Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni and native pasture plants around Eshtehard industrial town, which were contaminated due to the entry of acidic sludge, were examined. In this regard, the hyperaccumulation and phytostabilization potential of the plants in the study area were investigated. Accordingly, A.tenuifolia in Cd, Pb and Ni, C.persica in Zn, C. arenarius in Ni, P. piptostigma in Cr and Zn, B. tectorum in Cd and Zn, S. hohenackeriana in Cr, Pb and Cd, P.aucheri in Zn, and P. harmala L in Pb and Ni.  Species with stabilizing potential include A. tenuifolia In Cd and Ni, N. persica in Zn, A.tauschii and B. tectorum in Ni, P.aucheri and P.harmala in Pb. Hyperaccumulating plants can be disposed of easily just like industrial wastes with heavy metals. Plants with stabilizing capacity can prevent the spread of heavy metal contamination to uncontaminated areas like the surrounding farms in addition to providing visual beauty for the region. Keywords: acidic sludge, heavy metals, phytoremediation, Eshtehard industrial town

Ensemble Classification and Extended Feature Selection for Credit Card Fraud Detection

Due to the rise of technology, the possibility of fraud in different areas such as banking has been increased. Credit card fraud is a crucial problem in banking and its danger is over increasing. This paper proposes an advanced data mining method, considering both feature selection and decision cost for accuracy enhancement of credit card fraud detection. After selecting the best and most effective features, using an extended wrapper method, ensemble classification is performed. The extended feature selection approach includes a prior feature filtering and a wrapper approach using C4.5 decision tree. Ensemble classification, using cost sensitive decision trees is performed in a decision forest framework. A locally gathered fraud detection dataset is used to estimate the proposed method. The proposed method is assessed using accuracy, recall, and F-measure as evaluation metrics and compared with basic classification algorithms including ID3, J48, Naïve Bayes, Bayesian Network and NB tree. Experiments show that considering the F-measure as evaluation metric, the proposed approach yields 1.8 to 2.4 percent performance improvement compared to other classifiers

SMOKE AND VAPOR PLUME MERGENCE

Observations at power plants have indicated that vapor plumes emitted from cooling towers frequently merge with smoke plumes released from stacks. Mergence of cooling tower and stack plume leads to formation of acidic compounds which have adverse effects on the en- vironment. Wind speed and direction play an important role in merging smoke and vapor plume. This paper lists some arguments to verify that studies have not sufficiently addressed stack and cooling tower plume mergence. In conclusion, the present authors hope to find more information in the future with regard to vapor and smoke plume mergence

Application of Chitin derivatives for removal of radionuclides from radioactive effluent

In this study shrimp shell waste and their derivatives Chitin and Chitosan were studied for 60Co, 137Cs, 90Sr and 54Mn adsorption from low-level radioactive liquid waste (LLW) in batch and 137 continuous method. Shrimp shell waste, demineralized shrimp shell waste, Chitin and Chitosan were selected as natural organic adsorbent. The batch and column ion exchange experimental results show that the sorption was depended on pH, particle size, adsorbent type, deacetylation factor and treating tine. Temperature changes have an effect on treating time but no effect on total sorption. Chitin derivatives, particularly chitosan I & 2, are efficient for radioisotopes removal. Chitosan I with 50-70% deacetylation factor has the best aptitude for removal of radioisotopes and the shrimp shell has the worse.....

Origin and chemical partitioning of heavy metals in riverbed sediments

In the present investigation, bulk and chemical partitioning of elements in the Shefa-Rud riverbed sediments are studies. Higher concentrations of elemental concentrations have been observed in estuarine zone when compared with riverine sediments (except for Al, Fe, Pb and Mn). Manganese is mobilized under anoxic conditions prevailing in the Caspian Sea. Lithogenous materials are greatly diluted in the estuarine zone by various pollutants present in the Caspian Sea. Organic metallic bonds are not significantly present in the area of study. Geological units of the area of study have resulted in the lower concentrations of elemental concentrations of riverbed sediments when compared with published values for mean crust and world sediments ones. Though, cluster analysis has clearly shown the importance of alumina-silicates in controlling the distribution of Fe and Mn in riverbed sediments but it could not depict controlling mechanism for other studied elements. Geochemical Index (Igeo) and Enrichment Factor (EF) values are indicative of a clean environment throughout the river course. These values are in a well agreement with results of chemical partitioning data. Quantification of EF values is not logically possible and therefore Igeo values can be used more effectively