Suitable Time, Circumstances and Strategies of Teaching Language in Multilingual Society

AbstractIn this paper the main requirements for progressing in language learning are mentioned. The most suitable ages of children to start learning language are introduced separately. The other aspect of language learning is suitable circumstances in which they are learning language. Based on the paper it is believed that “it is impossible to teach a child to read before they have lea rned to talk” and the reasons and also this issue that teaching a child a language that is not the mother -tongue of either parent is usually not a successful way are explained

Effects of Three Growth Regulators on Selected Characters in Cotton

Crop Scienc

Audience Embodiment in Haptic Space of Film

Film theoreticians, in the early stages of practice, emphasized the corporeal characteristics of the medium and the relationship between cinematic space and the spectator’s body. Besides, in the opposite direction to the early cinema concentration on audience bodily connection with the film, by the evolution of cinematic language, major streams were formed towards narrative identification. This transition led to the long supremacy of linguistic and psychological based theories of film. In the decades of the seventies and eighties, the connection between cinema apparatus and the renaissance perspective formed the fundamental discourse of film theories. Writers such as Baudry, Metz and Heath analyzed the liaison between the viewer and the screen based on the perspective model. Roots for advent of perspective theory must be sought in the optical theory of the Ancient Greek. Optical theory was based on a perceived distance between the subject as a seer and a corresponding object being seen, and provided the necessary conditions for the formation of the pattern of western thinkers to ponder the world order from a distance. The emergence of perspective understanding in the renaissance period helped the revival of optical spatial pattern that in turn consolidated the position of the subject and strengthened the distance between subject and object. In recent years, it seems apparent that there have been attempts to return to the body-centered theories of early cinema, and to accentuate the relation between the viewer body and the cinematic space. In the other direction of the dominance of optical film theories that ignore corporeal-sensual existence of the audience, it is appropriate that the bodily and haptic film theory would be reconsidered. Thus, by lending from Merleau-Ponty idea of the embodied subject, the film experience could be defined based on the experience of the embodiment of the audience in filmic space

Audience Embodiment in Haptic Space of Film

Film theoreticians, in the early stages of practice, emphasized the corporeal characteristics of the medium and the relationship between cinematic space and the spectator’s body. Besides, in the opposite direction to the early cinema concentration on audience bodily connection with the film, by the evolution of cinematic language, major streams were formed towards narrative identification. This transition led to the long supremacy of linguistic and psychological based theories of film. In the decades of the seventies and eighties, the connection between cinema apparatus and the renaissance perspective formed the fundamental discourse of film theories. Writers such as Baudry, Metz and Heath analyzed the liaison between the viewer and the screen based on the perspective model. Roots for advent of perspective theory must be sought in the optical theory of the Ancient Greek. Optical theory was based on a perceived distance between the subject as a seer and a corresponding object being seen, and provided the necessary conditions for the formation of the pattern of western thinkers to ponder the world order from a distance. The emergence of perspective understanding in the renaissance period helped the revival of optical spatial pattern that in turn consolidated the position of the subject and strengthened the distance between subject and object. In recent years, it seems apparent that there have been attempts to return to the body-centered theories of early cinema, and to accentuate the relation between the viewer body and the cinematic space. In the other direction of the dominance of optical film theories that ignore corporeal-sensual existence of the audience, it is appropriate that the bodily and haptic film theory would be reconsidered. Thus, by lending from Merleau-Ponty idea of the embodied subject, the film experience could be defined based on the experience of the embodiment of the audience in filmic space

Predictors of Self-Care Behaviors in Heart Failure Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Introduction: Adherence to self-care behaviors and determining its related factors in patients with chronic illnesses are mandatory. The objective of the present study was two-fold: first, to examine the self-care behaviors adherence among heart failure patients and second, to determine its predictors in a comprehensive study of various factors in patients with heart failure. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 239 patients with heart failure referred to Dr.Heshmat hospital as the only heart center in Guilan province (Northern Iran). The consecutive sampling method was used. Data were collected by Self-Care Heart Failure Index, Cardiac Depression Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Charlson Comorbidity Index and were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analytical statistics in SPSS. Results: Results showed educational level, history of receiving information, and cognitive function as predictors of self-care maintenance. Also, monthly income, history of receiving information, and ventricular dysfunction were predictors of self-care management. Monthly income, admission status, number of hospitalizations, history of receiving information, and cognitive function are mentioned as predictors of self-confidence. Predictors of total self-care were monthly income, history of receiving information, and cognitive function. (P . 0.05). Conclusions: Promoting self-care behaviors could prevent the adverse effects of diseases such as readmission, prolonged hospitalization, and bed occupancy ratio. The majority of the participants had non-adherent self-care, and, according to the results, it is recommended that assessing predictors in these patients and planning. Also, it is suggested that more observational, qualitative, and mixed-method studies be done in the future

Audience Embodiment in Haptic Space of Film

Film theoreticians, in the early stages of practice, emphasized the corporeal characteristics of the medium and the relationship between cinematic space and the spectator’s body. Besides, in the opposite direction to the early cinema concentration on audience bodily connection with the film, by the evolution of cinematic language, major streams were formed towards narrative identification. This transition led to the long supremacy of linguistic and psychological based theories of film. In the decades of the seventies and eighties, the connection between cinema apparatus and the renaissance perspective formed the fundamental discourse of film theories. Writers such as Baudry, Metz and Heath analyzed the liaison between the viewer and the screen based on the perspective model. Roots for advent of perspective theory must be sought in the optical theory of the Ancient Greek. Optical theory was based on a perceived distance between the subject as a seer and a corresponding object being seen, and provided the necessary conditions for the formation of the pattern of western thinkers to ponder the world order from a distance. The emergence of perspective understanding in the renaissance period helped the revival of optical spatial pattern that in turn consolidated the position of the subject and strengthened the distance between subject and object. In recent years, it seems apparent that there have been attempts to return to the body-centered theories of early cinema, and to accentuate the relation between the viewer body and the cinematic space. In the other direction of the dominance of optical film theories that ignore corporeal-sensual existence of the audience, it is appropriate that the bodily and haptic film theory would be reconsidered. Thus, by lending from Merleau-Ponty idea of the embodied subject, the film experience could be defined based on the experience of the embodiment of the audience in filmic space

Some Controversies about the Change of the Qiblah with Particular Regard to Appropriation

The Qiblah is one of the most significant signs in Islam, hence an icon of Islamic identity. The earlier choosing of Jerusalem as the Qiblah left its reverberations among the Jews in the earlier days of Islam. To reject the revelatory nature off Islam, many Jews fabricated the controversy of Islam's appropriation of the Qiblah from Judaism, hence stressed their own originality. The present paper tackles and rebuts the issue of the Jews' controversies, as provided in the Quran tafsirs of both Shias and Sunnis. It is asserted that the earlier choice of Jerusalem as the Qiblah was a sagacious decision, for the Kaaba was a place of idol-worshipping by then, while Jerusalem was not dishonored by idols. However, with the spread of Islam, Mecca received a totally different situation, and the Kaaba has since received its Qiblah status forever.   © Moaddab, S.R; Sajjadi, M.S (2021) Some Controversies about the Change of the Qiblah with Particular Regard to Appropriation. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 7-33.  Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5634.176

The Study of Cognitive Function and Related Factors in Patients With Heart Failure

Background: Cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as a common adverse consequence of heart failure. Both Heart failure and cognitive impairment are associated with frequent hospitalization and increased mortality, particularly when they occur simultaneously. Objectives: To determine cognitive function and related factors in patients with heart failure. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we assessed 239 patients with heart failure. Data were collected by Mini Mental status Examination, Charlson comorbidity index and NYHA classification system. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean score of cognitive function was 21.68 ± 4.51. In total, 155 patients (64.9%) had cognitive impairment. Significant associations were found between the status of cognitive impairment and gender (P < 0.002), education level (P < 0.000), living location (P < 0.000), marital status (P < 0.03), living arrangement (P < 0.001 ), employment status (P < 0.000), income (P < 0.02), being the head of family (P < 0.03), the family size (P < 0.02), having a supplemental insurance (P < 0.003) and the patient’s comorbidities (P < 0.02). However, in logistic regression analysis, only education and supplementary insurance could predict cognitive status which indicates that patients with supplementary insurance and higher education levels were more likely to maintain optimal cognitive function. Conclusions: More than a half of the subjects had cognitive impairment. As the level of patients cognitive functioning affects their behaviors and daily living activities, it is recommended that patients with heart failure should be assessed for their cognitive functioning

In vitro effect of nanosilver toxicity on fibroblast and mesenchymal stem cell lines

Nanotechnology presents countless opportunities to develop new and improved consumer products for the benefit of the society . A most prominent nanoproduct is nanosilver. Nanosilver particles are generally smaller than 100 nm and contain 20–15,000 silver atoms. Despite the wide application of nanomaterials, there is a serious lack of information concerning their impact on human health. In the previous study we reported the cytotoxic of nanosilver on osteoblast G292 cancer cell line and the amount of IC50 determined as 3.42 µg/ml (Moaddab et al., Iran. Nano Lett., Vol. 1, No. 1, January 2011, pp. 11-16). The purpose of the present study is to assess the biological assay of nanosilver on two normal cell lines of fibroblast (HF2), and mesenchymal stem cells . The effect of nanosilver on these cells is evaluated by light microscopy, and by cell proliferation and standard cytotoxicity assays. The results demonstrate a concentration-dependent toxicity for the cells tested, and IC50 was determined as 6.33, and 6.68 µg/ml in mesenchymal stem cell, and fibroblast HF2, respectively. There is no significant difference between the 24 h and 48 h of cells exposure to nanosilver. The results show that Nano-Ag possesses low toxicity to normal cells and can display potential application in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy