How Innovation and Improvement Ideas Are Created for a Production System by a Kaizen Team: A Protocol Analysis

Part 3: StrategyInternational audienceThis paper presents a process model describing how a Kaizen team collectively creates innovation and improvement ideas for a production system and a protocol analysis approach based on the model. The process model captures the team-based creative problem solving practice as a process of updating a shared mental space comprising production system mental models (PSMMs) through exchanging utterances among the team members, where each utterance element characterizes an existing PSMM and/or creates a new PSMM. The paper also applies the proposed protocol analysis approach to an actual case, confirms its applicability and draws some insights into the process

Understanding of a Product/Service System Design : a Holistic Approach to Support Design for Remanufacturing

A product/service system (PSS) facilitates remanufacturing and thus is the article’ssubject. This article presents a first quantitative analysis, through a descriptive study,of the details of a PSS design case. To do so, an example of PSS design wasconducted using a real offering in the marketplace, and this design episode wasanalyzed through protocol analysis developed further by the authors. The results ofthe analysis include reasonable hypotheses: PSS design begins with needs by andvalue for a customer, addresses primarily life cycle activities for solutions, and endsback with value. In addition, life cycle activities, which accounted for about 30% ofthe episode, were found to be given a central role within PSS design. Furthermore,reasoning about problems, which spent more than 30% of the design, seems to be anew and important type of activity in PSS design as compared to physical productdesign. This article contributes to greater understanding of PSS design process inquantitative terms and thus to developing effective support for PSS design.Knowledge about PSS enables the understanding of remanufacturing with a moreholistic perspective and thus creating an opportunity for better optimization ofremanufacturers’ activities

Understanding of a Product/Service System Design : a Holistic Approach to Support Design for Remanufacturing

A product/service system (PSS) facilitates remanufacturing and thus is the article’ssubject. This article presents a first quantitative analysis, through a descriptive study,of the details of a PSS design case. To do so, an example of PSS design wasconducted using a real offering in the marketplace, and this design episode wasanalyzed through protocol analysis developed further by the authors. The results ofthe analysis include reasonable hypotheses: PSS design begins with needs by andvalue for a customer, addresses primarily life cycle activities for solutions, and endsback with value. In addition, life cycle activities, which accounted for about 30% ofthe episode, were found to be given a central role within PSS design. Furthermore,reasoning about problems, which spent more than 30% of the design, seems to be anew and important type of activity in PSS design as compared to physical productdesign. This article contributes to greater understanding of PSS design process inquantitative terms and thus to developing effective support for PSS design.Knowledge about PSS enables the understanding of remanufacturing with a moreholistic perspective and thus creating an opportunity for better optimization ofremanufacturers’ activities

Analyzing cognitive processes of a product/service-system design session using protocol analysis

Product/service systems (PSSs) are increasingly found in markets, and more resources arebeing invested in PSS design. Despite the substantial research into PSS design, the current literature exhibits an incomplete understanding of it as a cognitive activity. This article demonstrates that the methods used to analyze product designers’ cognitive behavior can be used toproduce comparable and commensurable results when analyzing PSS designers. It also generates empirical grounding for the development of hypotheses based on a cognitive studyof a PSS design session in a laboratory environment using protocol analysis. This study is apart of a larger project comparing PSS design with product design. The results, which arebased on the function–behavior–structure coding scheme, show that PSS design, whencoded using this scheme, can be quantitatively compared with product design. Five hypotheses were developed based on the results of the study of this design session concerning whereand how designers expend their cognitive design effort. These hypotheses can be used todesign experiments that test them and provide the grounding for a fuller understanding ofPSS design.Funding agencies:US National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [EEC-1463873, CMMI-1762415]; Mistra REES (Resource-Efficient) - Mistra (The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research) [DIA 2014/16]</p

Empirical Study on the Influence between Logistics Information Capabilities and Supply Chain Performance

Part 8: Knowledge Based EngineeringInternational audienceIt is important to shorten customers’ waiting times in a restaurant, and their waiting times at the table are largely affected by how waitpersons perform their tasks in the dining room. However, the quality of their work still depends heavily on their experiences and intuitive skills. Thus, this paper proposes a serious game emulating the tasks of a waitperson in the dining room of a restaurant, and analyzes the intuitive skills for the tasks by using the game. It defines two distinctive tactics called collection of multiple tasks and movement on a prediction basis, and introduces several measures on these tactics. As a result, by analyzing the game score, waiting times and these measures obtained from game experiments, several characteristics of the skills have been successfully revealed