The Interplay of the Visual and the Verbal in Visual Poems

[Abstract] The Interplay of the Visual and the Verbal in Visual Poems. Makiko Mizuno The relationship between visual information and verbal information has been an important issue in semiotic study since Roland Barthes (1964) described the relationship between the two in his analysis of the Spaghetti Poster. Advertisement was chosen as the subject of Barthes’ analysis because its construction has a clear signifié a priori — it should promote consumption — and it enables the structural analysis to be simple. The present study concerns the question of how the relationship between the visual and the verbal in works of art can be described. Whereas the verbal information in normal advertising material often acts as an anchor of the visual information, to identify the figure and to guide the interpretation (cf. Eco: 1972), the verbal information accompanying artworks sometimes fulfils more diverse functions. Studies in cognitive psychology (Millis: 2001, Leder: 2006) report that aesthetic perception is reinforced when a viewer succeeds in finding a metaphorical relationship between a visual element and its elaborative title. In my talk I will analyze works of visual poetry, which has a unique position in the history of art and literature in view of its intermediality. Visual poems serve as an interesting subject for study because their essence as works of artistic expression lies in the very interplay of visual and verbal information. Several examples of visual poetry are to be examined, especially some poems by Heinz Gappmayr, whose works consist not of representational figures (image cf. Pierce: 1931-58) but of visual configurations (diagram cf. Pierce)*. I will demonstrate how such visual information is combined with the verbal information to establish metaphorical relationships, while making reference to the theory of metaphor in cognitive linguistic research. (cf. Lakoff and Johnson: 1980, Fauconnier & Turner: 2002) *Examples of Works by Gappmayr are included in the attached file. Barthes, Roland (1964) Rhétorique de l’image. In: Communications 4, pp. 40-51. Eco, Umberto (1972) Einführung in die Semiotik. München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag. Fauconnier, Gilles and Mark Turner (2002) The Way We Think. Conceptual Blending and the Mind’s Hidden Complexities. New York: Basic Books. Joy, Annamma, John F. Sherry Jr. and Jonathan Deschenes (2008) Conceptual blending in advertising. Journal of Business Research. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.11.015. Hiraga, Masako K. (2005) Metaphor and Iconicity. A Cognitive Approach to Analysing Texts. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Lakoff, George and Mark Johnson (1980) Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Leder, Helmut, Claus-Christian Carbon and Ai-Leen Ripsas. (2006) Entitling art: Influence of title information on understanding and appreciation of paintings. Acta sychologica, 121(2), pp.176-198. Millis, Keith (2001) Making meaning brings pleasure: the influence of titles on aesthetic experiences. Emotion. 2001 Sep;1( 3): pp. 320-9. Mizuno, Makiko (2007) Nichi Ou No Gutaishi [concrete poetry in Europe and Japan]. Gengo Joho Kagaku, 6. Tokyo: The University of Tokyo, Institute for Language and Information Sciences of Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. pp. 293-309. Peirce, Charles Sanders (1931-58) The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Eds. Charles artshorne, Paul Weiss. Cambridge: Harvard University Press

TŁUMACZENIE PRAWNE SPRAW KARNYCH W JAPONII: PRZESZŁOŚĆ, TERAŹNIEJSZOŚĆ I PERSPEKTYWY NA PRZYSZŁOŚĆ

In the extant literature in Japan, the description of criminal cases involving foreigners goes back to around the fifth century; however, detailed depictions of language problems requiring legal interpreters started to appear in the Edo period (1603–1868). The cases of an Italian missionary who entered Japan illegally in 1709 and the robbery of Ainu graves by British consular officers in 1865 presented communication difficulties between the interrogator and accused in criminal procedures. This is common even today. This paper introduces the history of legal interpreting with reference to high profile cases, and reviews changes in communication issues in criminal proceedings involving non-Japanese speaking defendants in modern Japan. It also presents prospects regarding the shift in attitude among legal practitioners toward legal interpreting against the backdrop of recent judicial reforms including the introduction of a lay judge system and visualisation of the investigation process.W istniejącej literaturze przedmiotu opis spraw kryminalnych z udziałem cudzoziemców sięga około piątego wieku. Jednak szczegółowe opisy problemów językowych wymagających udziału tłumaczy prawniczych zaczęły pojawiać się w okresie Edo (1603-1868), np. przypadek włoskiego misjonarza, który nielegalnie wjechał do Japonii w 1709 r., a także rabunek grobów Ainu przez brytyjskich urzędników konsularnych w 1865 r., wskazywały na trudności komunikacyjne między śledczym i oskarżonym w postępowaniu karnym. Jest to powszechne nawet dzisiaj. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia historię tłumaczeń ustnych w odniesieniu do znanych przypadków, a także analizuje zmiany w kwestiach komunikacyjnych w postępowaniu karnym, w którym udział biorą osoby spoza Japonii. Przedstawiono również perspektywy dotyczące zmiany podejścia prawników do interpretacji prawnej na tle niedawnych reform sądownictwa, w tym wprowadzenia ławników i wizualizacji procesu dochodzenia

Issues Surrounding Interpreter-Mediated Forensic Interview of Children : Focusing on Childrenʼs Speech Style and Vocabulary

journal articl

医療通訳者の異文化仲介者としての役割について

Since the economic boom in the latter half of the 1980s, the number of immigrant workers has increased and the presence of non-Japanese people who do not speak Japanese has become conspicuous. Against this background, healthcare interpreting has been a much discussed issue in recent years. Bridging the cultural gap, as well as the language gap, at healthcare encounters where a person’s life is at stake is regarded as one of the important tasks for healthcare interpreters, but to what extent an interpreter should be a cultural broker is a controversial issue. This paper analyzes the data collected through interviews and a survey of healthcare interpreters of various languages and discusses what cross-cultural problems interpreters are facing at healthcare encounters, how they cope with the situation and what roles they regard as the most appropriate for a healthcare interpreter