肺サーファクタントリン脂質の輸送と分泌 : コルヒチンの影響

The roles of the microtubular system in the transport and secretion of surfactant phospholipids in the lung were studied using colchicine-treated rats, who were administered in vivo by (methyl-3H) choline and (2-3H) glycerol. The radioactivities of phosphatidylcholine, disaturated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol were measured in four lung fractions, i.e., lung parenchyma, microsomes, lamellar bodies and alveolar wash, of colchicine-treated animals. The prior injection of colchicine resulted in marked increases in the labels of the phospholipids in microsomes as well as in lamellar bodies, and in the decrease in alveolar wash. These findings suggest that the microtubular system participates not only in the secretion of lamellar bodies into the alveolar space, but also in the translocation of surfactant phospholipids from the synthetic site, i.e., microsomes to lamellar bodies of the store house

Ocular parameters before and after steep Trendelenburg positioning for robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

Purpose: Intraocular pressure (IOP) increases in patients in a steep Trendelenburg position during robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP). We hypothesized that a steep Trendelenburg position during RALP, an unusual systemic condition involving a transiently increased IOP, may induce ocular pathology that can be detected by detailed evaluations long after the surgery. This study aims to explore ocular structural and functional parameters in patients before and in the long term after the surgery.Patients and methods: A comparative observational study was performed. A total of 44 eyes of 22 male patients scheduled for RALP at Aichi Medical University from August 2012 to July 2013 were included. Clinical parameters before and after RALP were compared. Peri­operative IOP was measured immediately post-induction of anesthesia in the flat supine position (T1), immediately post-steep Trendelenburg position (T2), and prior to returning to a flat supine position while in a steep Trendelenburg position (T3). The thicknesses of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell complex (GCC), and central fovea were measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Humphrey perimetry was performed before and at 3 and 6 months after surgery.Results: The average IOPs (mmHg) at each stage were T1=10.4, T2=21.7, and T3=29.6, and differed significantly. The mean visual acuity (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution), IOP, mean deviation, and pattern standard deviation measured by the Humphrey field analyzer showed no statistically significant difference before and after surgery. The ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses measured at each location and the central fovea thicknesses measured before and after surgery did not differ significantly.Conclusion: No significant disorders in ocular structural and functional parameters were found until long after RALP

Current Performance and On-Going Improvements of the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope

An overview of the current status of the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope constructed and operated at Mauna Kea, Hawaii, by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan is presented. The basic design concept and the verified performance of the telescope system are described. Also given are the status of the instrument package offered to the astronomical community, the status of operation, and some of the future plans. The status of the telescope reported in a number of SPIE papers as of the summer of 2002 are incorporated with some updates included as of 2004 February. However, readers are encouraged to check the most updated status of the telescope through the home page, http://subarutelescope.org/index.html, and/or the direct contact with the observatory staff.Comment: 18 pages (17 pages in published version), 29 figures (GIF format), This is the version before the galley proo

Techniques of biliary drainage for acute cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines

The principal management of acute cholecystitis is early cholecystectomy. However, percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) may be preferable for patients with moderate (grade II) or severe (grade III) acute cholecystitis. For patients with moderate (grade II) disease, PTGBD should be applied only when they do not respond to conservative treatment. For patients with severe (grade III) disease, PTGBD is recommended with intensive care. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration (PTGBA) is a simple alternative drainage method with fewer complications; however, its clinical usefulness has been shown only by case-series studies. To clarify the clinical value of these drainage methods, proper randomized trials should be done. This article describes techniques of drainage for acute cholecystitis

Ground rolling delays apical development and reduces frost injury in early-sown spring wheat

ABSTRACTFrost injury is a concern in early-sown spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Tokai region of Japan. To assess the efficacy of ground rolling as a technique for avoiding frost injury, we investigated its effects on the apical development and yield of ‘Ayahikari’ spring wheat. In both 2018–19 and 2019–20, rolling delayed spikelet initiation by 4–5 days, the start of internode elongation by 5–12 days, and jointing by 3–9 days, but did not affect the apical development rate, which depended on the thermal time. Ground rolling prevented frost injury in 2018–19 but not in 2019–20, probably because the warmer-than-average winter promoted earlier jointing, and so plants were exposed to later low temperatures in February. These results suggest that ground rolling is an effective method for avoiding frost injury in spring wheat during cold winters

Early ground rolling is highly effective in delaying spikelet initiation in early-sown spring wheat

ABSTRACTGround rolling delays spikelet initiation and thus would be expected to reduce frost injury in early-sown spring wheat. To characterize the relationship between the timing of rolling and the delay of spikelet initiation, we investigated apical development of early-sown spring wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Ayahikari’) rolled at the 1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-leaf stage in three years. All rollings delayed apical development. The delay was largest in plants treated at the 1- or 2-leaf stage: spikelet initiation by 5.0 days, the start of internode elongation by 5.5 days, and jointing by 3.5 days relative to the control. Our results and recent meteorological data suggest that in early cropping of spring wheat in the Tokai region of Japan, the earliest sowing date to avoid frost injury can be advanced by 3 days by rolling

On the comprehension of cleft constructions in child Japanese

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether Japanese-speaking children can comprehend the sentence correctly by using the information of case particles. As discussed in Otsu (1994), when the context is given, children show adult-like responses to scrambling constructions, which have been said to be difficult to comprehend. This result appears to lead us to the conclusion that children can handle the information of case particles. The question now arises: Does this hold in other cases? To settle this question, we conducted an experiment of children’s comprehension of two types of cleft constructions: Subject Cleft (Buta-san wo oshitanowa uma-san dayo. ‘It is the horse that pushed the pig’) and Object Cleft (Uma-san ga oshitanowa buta-san dayo. ‘It is the pig that the horse pushed’). In order to understand these sentences, it is necessary to use the information of the case particle attached to sentence-initial noun phrase. The following intriguing results were obtained: (i) with context, their correct responses to Subject Cleft increased up to about 90% (ii) with or without context, three and four-year-old children correctly responded to Object Cleft at a rate of about 50%. Our results suggest that children do not depend on the information of case particles when comprehending the cleft sentences