15 research outputs found
DESAFIOS PARA O INTERNAMENTO DOMICILIAR DO IDOSO NA PERSPECTIVA DA FAMÍLIA
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Revista Baiana de Enfermagem'
- Publication date
- 01/07/2021
- Field of study
Objetivo: conhecer as vivências que permeiam o internamento domiciliar do idoso na perspectiva da família. Método: estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com dez cuidadores familiares de idosos cadastrados em um Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar. Os dados foram coletados de abril a junho de 2019, por meio de entrevista individual semiestruturada e submetida à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: a atenção domiciliar proporciona benefícios ao cuidado, como o conforto do lar, vínculos afetivos e apoio dos profissionais de saúde. A inexperiência nos cuidados diretos no domicílio, a escassez de recursos materiais e financeiros e a ausência de integração entre os serviços foram descritos como desafios para o cuidado. As ações de capacitação do cuidador para a alta hospitalar implicam na continuidade do cuidado e aperfeiçoamento das habilidades necessárias. Considerações finais: os resultados demonstraram a importância da compreensão das potencialidades e os desafios para as famílias cuidarem do idoso no domicilio.Descritores: Cuidador. Assistência Domiciliar. Enfermagem. Idoso
Desafios para realização da alta na atenção domiciliar
- Author
- Publication venue
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei
- Publication date
- 29/12/2022
- Field of study
Objective:understand the discharge process of patients and family members assisted by home care services.Methoddescriptive-exploratory, qualitative study carried out with ten professionals from two Multiprofessional Home Care Teams linked to a Municipal Health Department. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews, audio-recorded and submitted to content analysis, thematic modality. Results: the interviewees mentioned difficulties in recognizing the appropriate time to start the planning of care transition activities, the lack of a standardized flow harmful to the continuation of care by Primary Care, the use of the Singular Therapeutic Project, the unification of information systems and the development of protocols for safe care transition. Conclusion: the difficulties related to the discharge show the need for interventions that involve the elaboration of protocols for articulation between services and maintenance of continuous and comprehensive care.Objetivo: compreender o processo de realização da alta de pacientes e familiares assistidos por serviços de atenção domiciliar. Método: estudo descritivo-exploratório, qualitativo, realizado com dez profissionais de duas Equipes Multiprofissionais da Atenção Domiciliar vinculadas a uma Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, áudiogravadas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática.Resultados: os entrevistados referiram dificuldades em reconhecer o momento adequado para iniciar o planejamento das atividades de transição dos cuidados, a inexistência de um fluxo padronizado prejudicial à continuação dos cuidados pela Atenção Primária, o uso do Projeto Terapêutico Singular, a unificação dos sistemas de informação e o desenvolvimento de protocolos para a transição de cuidados seguros. Conclusão: as dificuldades relacionadas à execução da alta evidenciam a necessidade de intervenções que envolvam a elaboração de protocolos para a articulação entre os serviços e manutenção do cuidado continuado e integral
Support for UNRWA's survival
- Author
- Abdulrahim Sawsan
- Abouchacra Kim
- Afifi Rima
- Agnoletto Vittorio
- Akashi Hidechika
- Alameddine Mohamad
- Ansbro Éimhín
- Araújo-Soares Vera
- Assefi Nassim
- Baillie Smith Matt
- Bardus Marco
- Bhabha Jacqueline
- Bjertness Espen
- Blanchet Karl
- Blanchet Karl
- Borghi Josephine
- Busza Joanna
- Cammett Melani
- Campbell Oona
- Chaaban Jad
- Chalmers Iain
- Checchi Francesco
- Danaei Goodarz
- Dhaini Hassan
- Diaconu Karin
- Diwan Ishac
- Dominguez-Salas Paula
- Dubois Elizabeth
- El Kak Faysal
- El-Zein Abbas
- El-Zein Abbas
- Eng Eugenia
- Eyal Nir
- Fawzi Wafaie
- Feder Gene
- Fujiya Rika
- Furukawa Shota
- Furusawa Kiyoko
- Futami Akane
- Germani Aline
- Ghattas Hala
- Giacaman Rita
- Goto Ryunosuke
- Grant Liz
- Greenough Paul Gregg
- Habib Rima
- Hagopian Amy
- Hajat Shakoor
- Hariga Fabienne
- Hatano Ayako
- Hay Alastair
- Holmboe-Ottesen Gerd
- Horiuchi Sayaka
- Hsiao William
- Huber Daniela
- Humble Darryl
- Imano Taizo
- Inoue Yosuke
- Ishizuka Aya
- Ismail Ruba
- Iwata Rumi
- Jabbour Samer
- Jamal Diana
- Jamaluddine Zeina
- Jimba Masamine
- Kabakian Tamar
- Kamiya Yasuhiko
- Karademas Evangelos
- Kashiwagi Kenichi
- Katsuma Yasushi
- Kinjo Miyuki
- Kiriya Junko
- Kitamura Akiko
- Kruk Margaret E
- Kubota Kazumi
- Langer Ana
- Langer Ana
- Leaning Jennifer
- Leng Mhoira
- Logam Lana
- Makhoul Jihad
- Matsuno Akihisa
- Matsuo Yoshimi
- McCoy David
- McGovern Terry
- McKee Martin
- McPake Barbara
- Melhem Nada
- Merriman Anne
- Michie Susan
- Millett Christopher
- Mishima Chiaki
- Miyachi Takashi
- Miyata Hiroaki
- Moodie Rob
- Morioka Mariko
- Mulholland Kim
- Mumtaz Ghina
- Murphy Adrianna
- Nagasawa Eiji
- Nagata Kenichiro
- Najem Kteily Martine
- Nakamura Haruyo
- Nakkash Rima
- Nambu Makiko
- Nava Mica
- Nelson Erica L
- Nishikida Aiko
- Nomura Shuhei
- Nozaki Sayumi
- Nuwayhid Iman
- O'Donnell Kate
- O'Laughlin Kelli
- Ohashi Masaaki
- Palmer Jennifer
- Patel Preeti
- Patel Ronak
- Pham Phuong
- Quezada-Yamamoto Harumi
- Ramia Sami
- Rawaf Salman
- Rihani May
- Roberts Bayard
- Roberts Leslie
- Ruff Tilman A
- Sahyoun Nadine
- Sakamoto Haruka
- Salti Nisreen
- Sato Miho
- Sato Miho
- Sato Motoya
- Sennett Richard
- Shallice Tim
- Shannon Peter
- Shiekh Suhail
- Shin Kiho
- Sibai Abla M
- Sieverding Maia
- Singh Neha
- Sullivan Richard
- Takahara Takao
- Tanigawa Tomoyuki
- Taniguchi Hiroko
- Testa Adrienne
- Thomas Alban
- Tsutsumi Atsuro
- Uechi Manami
- Usuki Akira
- Valente de Almeida Sara
- Wareham Sue
- Watt Graham
- West Robert
- Wigg Carol
- Wigg Peter
- Wikler Daniel
- Witter Sophie
- Yassin Nasser
- Yazdi Youseph
- Yoshino Yasue
- Yousafzai Aisha
- Yudkin John S
- Zaman Mohammad H
- Zurayk Huda
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 22/09/2018
- Field of study
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) provides life-saving humanitarian aid for 5·4 million Palestine refugees now entering their eighth decade of statelessness and conflict. About a third of Palestine refugees still live in 58 recognised camps. UNRWA operates 702 schools and 144 health centres, some of which are affected by the ongoing humanitarian disasters in Syria and the Gaza Strip. It has dramatically reduced the prevalence of infectious diseases, mortality, and illiteracy. Its social services include rebuilding infrastructure and homes that have been destroyed by conflict and providing cash assistance and micro-finance loans for Palestinians whose rights are curtailed and who are denied the right of return to their homeland
Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
- Author
- Aamir Navivala
- Abdulwahab Arbi
- Abegail Hernandez Pena
- Abraham Hanburry
- Adedolapo Adeleke
- Adeera Levin
- Adil Hazara
- Adline Ghazi
- Agnes Masengu
- Ahmad Tuffaha
- Ahmed Awad
- Ahmed Ghanem
- Ai Fukasawa
- Aik Kheng Lee
- Aiko Terakawa
- Aiko Tomita
- Aiko Yamada
- Ailsa Geddes
- Airi Sato
- Akane Katanosaka
- Akane Yamamoto
- Akihiro Fujimoto
- Akihiro Katayama
- Akihito Tanaka
- Akiko Fujita
- Akiko Hashimoto
- Akiko Ishiguro
- Akiko Omata
- Akimasa Asai
- Akinwande Akinfolarin
- Akio Kanazawa
- Akiyo Nishiyama
- Akiyo Tanabe
- Alastair Rankin
- Alastair Woodman
- Albert Hing
- Albert Power
- Alberto Rosati
- Aldo P Maggioni
- Aldo Peixoto
- Aleksandra Murawska
- Alessandro D'Amelio
- Alex Aguilera
- Alex Baxter
- Alex Howson
- Alexa Wonnacott
- Alexander Hadley
- Alexander Hodakowski
- Alexander Paliege
- Alexis Africano
- Alexis Stevenson
- Alfio Giuffrida
- Alfred K Cheung
- Alia Hasan
- Alia Zubaidah Bahtar
- Alice Aitken
- Alice Guerini
- Aliseiya Garza
- Alison Cowley
- Alison Jenkins
- Alison Timadjer
- Allen Young
- Allison Leslie
- Amalia Caamano
- Amanda Aliu
- Amanda Axler
- Amanda Davis
- Amanda Scott
- Amanda Tyler
- Amar Ali
- Amber Avery
- Amber Hurst
- Amelia Te
- Ami Inamori
- Amin Oomatia
- Amir Kazory
- Amret Hawfield
- Amritanshu Pandey
- Amy Hudson
- Amy Hunter
- Amy Mottl
- Ana Moncada
- Anand Srivastava
- Anastassiya Reisler
- Anca Gherman
- Andre Valleteau
- Andrea Lorimer
- Andrea Schwab
- Andrea Webster
- Andrea Wilson
- Andreas Schneider
- Andrew Breach
- Andrew Connor
- Andrew Frankel
- Andrew Gordon
- Andrew Lewington
- Andrew Shepherd
- Andrew Steele
- Andy Burke
- Andy Measor
- Angela Bergner
- Angela Chamberlain
- Angela Field
- Angela Moon
- Angeline Mbuyisa
- Angharad Williams
- Anil George
- Anita Hepditch
- Anita Kamarzarian
- Anja Knoppe
- Anju Oommen
- Anke Torp
- Ankit Mehta
- Ann Bennett
- Ann Cooper
- Ann Vasseur
- Anna Brewer
- Anna Liew
- Anna Postal
- Anna Romo
- Anna Sampson
- Annalisa Aloisi
- Anne Froment
- Anne Grace
- Anne Schreiber
- Anne-Marie Beneat
- Annegret Fleischer
- Annette Kraemer-Guth
- Annie Saillant
- Annika Küpper
- Anoushka Bhatt
- Anthony Lambert
- Anthony Torres
- Anthoula Apostolidi
- Antonia Schuster
- Antonio Cardone
- Aoife O'Sullivan
- Aparna Padiyar
- Arash Rashidi
- Archie Maskill
- Arelis Madera
- Arif Khwaja
- Arihiro Kiyosue
- Asako Takesada
- Ashlee Morris
- Ashleigh Wheeler
- Ashley Lawson
- Ashwathy Varughese
- Ashwini Gore
- Asma Sabarai
- Astrid Maselli
- Atsuko Nakatsuka
- Atsuyuki Tokuyama
- Auguste Kutschat
- Autumn Wood
- Aya Kawase
- Aya Tanaka
- Aya Yamanaka
- Ayako Imai
- Ayana Tatsuzawa
- Aydin Er
- Ayesha Ali
- Ayesha Irtiza-Ali
- Aziee Sudin
- Bader Al-Zeer
- Baigent Colin
- Bak Leong Goh
- Balwinder Gill
- Ban Chai Peng
- Baochun Guo
- Barbara Bartolomei Mecatti
- Barbara Tucky
- Barbara Winter-Goodwin
- Barbara Zander
- Barry Johns
- Beate Schumacher
- Bellovich Keith
- Ben Bagwell
- Ben Caplin
- Bernd Hohenstein
- Bernd Kruger
- Bernd Schroppel
- Bernd Stratmann
- Bernhard Banas
- Bernhard Kraemer
- Bernhard Winkelmann
- Bethelihem Gebeyehu
- Bhavya Kothapalli
- Bhrigu Sood
- Bhupinder Grewal
- Bianca Weber
- Bianka Rettenmaier
- Binbin Jin
- Bob Goodenough
- Bradley Eilerman
- Brandy Caudill
- Brenner Susanne
- Brian Camilleri
- Brigitte Fuchs
- Britta Brettschneider
- Britta Zemann
- Brittany Cleveland
- Brittany Golson
- Brittany Whitmore
- Brueckmann Martina
- Camille Galloway
- Cara Healy
- Carina Krieger
- Carl-Philipp Roesch
- Carlo Castillo
- Carlo Garofalo
- Carlos Hernandez-Cassis
- Carlos Martinez
- Carly McDonald
- Carol Buckman
- Carol Knott
- Caroline Blake
- Carolyn Hutchinson
- Cashmere Hardy
- Cassandra Johnson
- Cassandra Kimber
- Cat Guest
- Cath Byrne
- Cathy Jackson
- Cecilia Barnini
- Cesira Cafiero
- Chakradhar Velagapudi
- Charalampos Kriatselis
- Charles Daniels
- Charles Herzog
- Charlotte Kamundi
- Chee Koon Low
- Chek Loong Loh
- Chelsia Bao Tyng Chan
- Chen Cheng
- Chen Hua Ching
- Cheng Beng Goh
- Cherney David
- Chetna Tailor
- Cheung Alfred K
- Chiara Saccà
- Chiara Salviani
- Chidambaram Nethaji
- Chie Hashimoto
- Chie Saito
- Chigusa Higuchi
- Chigusa Yamashita
- Chiho Murakami
- Chika Kuribayashi
- Chimaki Unekawa
- Chintankumar Barot
- Chloe Bird
- Chong Men Leong
- Chris Bowler
- Chrissie Ambrose
- Christian Albert
- Christian Hartner
- Christian Hugo
- Christina Büttner
- Christina Reith
- Christine Bond
- Christine Braun
- Christine Brown
- Christine McClary-Wright
- Christine Meshykhi
- Christine Pötz
- Christoph Stellbrink
- Christoph Wanner
- Christopher Goldsmith
- Christopher Hill
- Christopher Marshall
- Christopher Provenzano
- Christopher Sze Bing Sim
- Christopher Wong
- Chuanwen Xu
- Chukwuma Chukwu
- Chun Leong Low
- Chye Chung Gan
- Cindy Castro
- Cindy Vanhoy
- Claire Burston
- Claire Sharpe
- Claire Shenton
- Clare Hui Hong Tan
- Clare Macdonald
- Claudia Donhauser
- Claudia Foellinger
- Claudia Hanf
- Claudia Schmidt
- Claudia Schneider-Danwitz
- Clorinda Falcone
- Cole Valletta
- Conception Pugay
- Concetta Gangemi
- Conor Moran
- Cristina Badin
- Cristina Calvi
- Curtis Knight
- Cynthia Mohandas
- Daisuke Sato
- Daisy Arteaga
- Damini Jeyarajah
- Daniel Kraus
- Daniel Pinto
- Daniel Steffl
- Daniela Farrugia
- Danijela Bovan
- Danny Sugimoto
- Daria Motta
- Darya Hosein
- David Bains
- David Cherney
- David Loader
- David MacLean
- David Preiss
- David Sutton
- David Tietjen
- Davina Hewitt
- Debasish Banerjee
- Debbie Domingo
- Debbie Griffin
- Deborah Glowski
- Deborah Lund
- Deirdre Fottrell-Gould
- Denise Donaldson
- Denise Fleming-Brown
- Denise Laurienti
- Dennis Karounos
- Deo Rajat
- Derrick Bennett
- Devasmita Dev
- Dheeptha Radhakrishnan
- Diane Campbell
- Diane Watkins
- Diethelm Tschope
- Diliana Draganova
- Divya Birudaraju
- Dolores Rijos
- Domenico Santoro
- Dominic Fellowes
- Dominik Alscher
- Dominik Stoffler
- Donald Fraser
- Donata Lucci
- Donatella Bilucaglia
- Doo Yee Mah
- Doreen Zhu
- Doris Poehler
- Dorleena Gowen
- Duncan Browne
- Eason Chang
- Edmond Limon
- Edward Kinsella-Perks
- Edward Pereira
- Edwin Wong
- Egbert Schulz
- Eiichiro Kanda
- Eilbracht Jens
- Eirini Lioudaki
- Eitaro Nakashima
- Ekaterina Stellbrink
- Elaine Fung
- Eleanor Damian
- Elena Brioni
- Elias Ugwu
- Elif Turan
- Elisa Joye Petr
- Elisabeth Bahlmann-Kroll
- Elisabeth Laundy
- Elissa Williams
- Elizabeta Matvienko
- Elizabeth Newman
- Elizabeth Swanson
- Elke Preiss
- Elke Schettler
- Elliyyin Katiman
- Emberson Jonathan R
- Emi Kuroda
- Emily Chang
- Emily Harding
- Emily Laity
- Emily Sammons
- Emily Tropman
- Emma McHaffie
- Emma Sadler
- Emmie Cole
- Enric Vilar
- Eri Kogure
- Eri Nagashima
- Eri Yanagisawa
- Eric Wines
- Erika Perez
- Eriko Takahira
- Erin Latore
- Ester Baldini
- Esther Zhao Zhi Tan
- Etsuo Yoshidome
- Eunice Doctolero
- Eva Voigt
- Eve Miller-Hodges
- Evelina Grobovaite
- Evelyn Nadar
- Ewelina Eckrich
- Exodus Edmerson
- Fadia Boreky
- Fairol Huda Ibrahim
- Fang Chen
- Fang Feng
- Farah Amalina Mohamed Affandi
- Farah Hanis Zulkipli
- Farah Latif
- Farid Ghalli
- Fariz Safhan Mohamad Nor
- Federica Tripodi
- Federico Alberici
- Fengmin Shao
- Filippo Aucella
- Filippo Fani
- Filippo Farnia
- Florian Sonntag
- Fortunata Zirino
- France Samson
- Frances Morris
- Francesca Bianchini
- Francesco Pesce
- Francesco Russo
- Francesco Scolari
- Francesco Totaro
- Francisco Aguilar
- Francois Dube
- Francois Madore
- Frank McCarroll
- Frank Strutz
- Franz Putz
- Franziska Klauser
- Franziska Scheidemantel
- Freda Driver
- Frederic Rahbari-Oskoui
- Fujiko Hasegawa
- Fulvia Zappulo
- Fuye Yang
- Gabriele Eden
- Gaetano La Manna
- Gagandeep Dhillon
- Gail Evans
- Gail Makos
- Genesis Naverrete
- Genielle Brewer
- Gennaro Santorelli
- Georg Rainer Schlieper
- George Thomas
- Georges Nakhoul
- Geraldine Hernandez
- Gerard Martins
- Gerhard Klausmann
- Gerhard Schmidt
- Gianna Fabbri
- Gianni Carraro
- Gillian Whalley
- Gina Morig
- Giorgio Gentile
- Giovanna Leoncini
- Giovanni Gambaro
- Giovanni Piccinni
- Girish Shivashankar
- Giulia Nobili
- Giuseppe Cianciolo
- Giuseppe Grandaliano
- Giuseppe Spatoliatore
- Giuseppe Vezzoli
- Giuseppina Pessolano
- Godson Oguchi
- Golriz Jafari
- Goto Shinya
- Green Jennifer B
- Gregory Greenwood
- Guanguo Cui
- Guillermo Jimenez
- Gunnar Heine
- Gunter Wolf
- Guylaine Marcotte
- Haitao Zhang
- Haiyan Lin
- Hajar Ahmad Rosdi
- Hajime Nagasu
- Hamish Woodhouse
- Hanako Hase
- Hanna Reiner
- Hannah Kingston
- Hannah Turner
- Hans Schmidt-Gurtler
- Hao Dai
- Harald Darius
- Hari Dukka
- Hari Nair
- Harish Pariani
- Harold Szerlip
- Harpreet Bajaj
- Haruhito Uchida
- Haruka Sasajima
- Hasnah Yahaya
- Hasnain Khandwala
- Hauske Sibylle J
- Haynes Richard
- Heather Edwards
- Heather Henderson
- Heba Nosseir
- Helen Clarke
- Helen Eldon
- Helen French
- Helen Lochhead
- Helen Sparks
- Henry Brown
- Hermann Haller
- Herrington William G
- Hesham Ammar
- Hideki Fujii
- Hideki Kamiya
- Hideki Katagiri
- Hideo Araki
- Hideyoshi Kaga
- Hikari Uchi
- Hilary Tindall
- Hill Michael
- Hima Yalamanchili
- Hin Seng Wong
- Hirayasu Kai
- Hiroaki Sato
- Hirokazu Sugiyama
- Hiroko Inazawa
- Hiromasa Goto
- Hiromi Komori
- Hiromi Shimoda
- Hiroshi Kajio
- Hiroshi Kinashi
- Hiroshi Kojima
- Hiroshi Maegawa
- Hiroshi Morinaga
- Hiroshi Nishi
- Hirotaka Komaba
- Hirotaka Watada
- Hiroto Sugawara
- Hiroyuki Kadoya
- Hitomi Ito
- Hitomi Sato
- Hitomi Yoshikawa
- Hitoshi Iwasaki
- Hitoshi Kuwata
- Hitoshi Shimano
- Hitoshi Sugiyama
- Hitoshi Suzuki
- Holly Coles
- Holly Robinson
- Holly Waterfall
- Hong Cheng
- Hong Du
- Hong Liu
- Hooi Lai Seong
- Horst Weihprecht
- Huan Yean Kang
- Huaying Xiao
- Hubert Dumann
- Hugh Finn
- Hugh Murtagh
- Hui Xue
- Hui Yu
- Hui Zhong
- Huixia Cao
- Huzaifa Salim
- Hyder Jasim
- Iain MacDougall
- Ian Barton
- Ichiro Nojima
- Ikuko Kawai
- Imran Nazeer
- Ina Girakossyan
- Inga-Nadine Kummer
- Iradis Leal
- Irda Yasmoon Awang
- Irene Capelli
- Irene Leal
- Irina Schneider
- Isabel Rodriguez-Bachiller
- Ismeal Ahmed
- Itsuko Miyazawa
- Jack Dienes
- Jacob Maris
- Jaime Wiebel
- Jaime Yoke May Chan
- James Bushnell
- James Magee
- James Muir
- James Tomlinson
- James Wheeler
- Jamie Bhairoo
- Jan Jochims
- Jan Kielstein
- Jan Menne
- Jane Piper
- Janet Wittes
- Janice Rogers
- Janina Renner
- Jaskiran Saini
- Jasmine Gaidu
- Jason Stubbs
- Javelin Peji
- Javier Almeida
- Jay Cadorna
- Jean Park
- Jeevika Vinathan
- Jeffrey Dugas
- Jeffrey Mulhern
- Jeffrey Turner
- Jennifer B Green
- Jennifer Ingell
- Jennifer Kearney
- Jennifer Sheldon
- Jennifer Stanfield
- Jennifer Stickley
- Jennifer Wiley
- Jenny Finch
- Jenny Hansen
- Jenny Ingell
- Jens Passauer
- Jerome Loutan
- Jessica Kaufeld
- Jessica Terry
- Jesslyn Roesch
- Jesus Arroyo
- Jiamin Liu
- Jianfang Cai
- Jianying Niu
- Jie Huang
- Jiehui Chen
- Jill Barton
- Jim Moriarty
- Jing Li
- Jing Wu
- Jinghong Zhao
- Jiro Nakamura
- Jo Chambers
- Jo Taylor
- Joachim Beige
- Joanne Davies
- Joanne Gordon
- Joanne Kellett
- Jocelyn Berdeprado
- Joel Topf
- Johannes Stegbauer
- John Evans
- John Manley
- John Nolan
- John O'Toole
- John Smyth
- Jon Tyler
- Jonathan Emberson
- Jonathan Hecktman
- Jonathan Taliercio
- Jordan Osmond Foster
- Jorge Jesus-Silva
- Joseph Aiello
- Joseph Soufer
- Josephine Tse
- Joyce Bilton
- Ju Fan Tay
- Juan Fernandez
- Judepatricks Onyema
- Judge Parminder
- Judi Graham
- Judith Plummer-Morgan
- Judy Ann Acosta
- Judy Carle
- Judy Lee
- Julia Krappe
- Julia Weinmann-Menke
- Julian Stumpf
- Juliette Meek
- Jun Eguchi
- Jun Okajyo
- Jun Takeoka
- Jun Wada
- Junichiro Nakata
- Junko Sato
- Junko Wada
- Justin Davis
- Justyna Witczak
- Jyothis George
- Kadowaki Takashi
- Kah Mean Thong
- Kahla Damianik
- Kaho Shimamura
- Kai Quan Lee
- Kaitlin J Mayne
- Kaitlin Knapp
- Kaitlyn Preston
- Kaitlyn Staylor
- Kana Uozumi
- Kana Wakayama
- Kanae Fujita
- Kaori Oishi
- Kaori Okamura
- Karen Chung
- Karen Convery
- Karen Taylor
- Karina Urquia
- Karl Wallendszus
- Katarzyna Eichstadt
- Kate Frederick
- Kate Trivedi
- Katharine Draxlbauer
- Katherine R Tuttle
- Kathryn DeGoursey
- Kathryn Lafferty
- Kathryn Simmons
- Kathy McCray
- Katia Sloan
- Katrina Taylor
- Katsutaro Morino
- Katsuya Tanigaki
- Katsuyuki Tanabe
- Kay Tobin
- Kayaho Maeda
- Kayla Merritt
- Kayo Kaneko
- Kazue Sawada
- Kazuhiko Sakaguchi
- Kazuhiro Ito
- Kazuki Tajima
- Kazuo Izumi
- Kazushige Hirata
- Kazuyo Takahashi
- Kazuyuki Yuasa
- Kei Takahashi
- Keiji Kono
- Keiko Inomata
- Keisuke Habuki
- Keizo Kaneko
- Kelli McIntosh
- Kelly White
- Kendaling Bruce
- Kengo Kidokoro
- Kenichi Shikata
- Kenji Ishihara
- Kenji Sugawara
- Kenji Tsuji
- Kenneth Boren
- Kenneth Kay Leong Khoo
- Kenta Sugamori
- Kentaro Watanabe
- Kerelyn Garcia
- Kerri Gallo
- Kerry Read
- Kerstin Haaser
- Kevin Murphy
- Kevin Verdel
- Kieran McCafferty
- Kim Bocchicchia
- Kim Wren
- Kirsty Forsyth
- Kiyohiro Izumi
- Koichi Kato
- Koin Watanabe
- Koji Maruyama
- Kojiro Ueki
- Kok Seng Teng
- Koki Shin
- Koko Ishizuka
- Konstantin Herfurth
- Korina Rahmat
- Kosuke Masutani
- Kristin Marx
- Kristine Calabrese
- Krystle Williams
- Ku Ruziana Ku Md Razi
- Kulli Barrett
- Kumar Sharma
- Kun Peng
- Kunihiro Ogane
- Kunihiro Yamagata
- Kwame Ansu
- Kyle Jansson
- Laiseong Hooi
- Laith Al-Rabadi
- Lance Sloan
- Landray Martin J
- Lars Rump
- Laura Bough
- Laura Brown
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- Shuhan Zhou
- Shunichiro Asahara
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- Shweta Bansal
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- Sibylle J Hauske
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- Simona Barberi
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- Simone Boedecker
- Simone Hagge
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- Simone Vettoretti
- Sina Rolfsmeier
- Sion Roy
- Siti Munirah Jaafar
- Siti Nabilah Mohamad Zaini
- Smeeta Sinha
- Smita Gunda
- Sodai Kubota
- Sofia Dayi
- Sonja Grotjahn
- Sonoka Yamamoto
- Soo Kun Lim
- Soon Yi Sor
- Sorcha Mulligan
- Sri Yarlagadda
- Sridhar Ramanaidu
- Srinivasan Beddhu
- Stacey-Ann Villaruel
- Stacie Hitchcock
- Stacy Gillham
- Staplin Natalie
- Stefan Degenhardt
- Stefan Haack
- Stefan Hantel
- Stefanie Jones
- Stefanie Kuhn
- Stephan Matthias
- Stephanie Bolton
- Stephanie Estcourt
- Stephanie Evans
- Stephanie Martinez
- Stephanie Rosenberg
- Stephanie Watson
- Stephanie Whittaker
- Stephany Topping
- Stephen Aronoff
- Steubl Dominik
- Steven Nagelberg
- Stevens Will
- Stewart Moffat
- Subash Somalanka
- Subha Clarke
- Subrata Debnath
- Sucharit Joshi
- Sue Ann Lee
- Sue Hewins
- SueAnn Squyres
- Sui Phin Kon
- Sunil Bhandari
- Sunita Bavanandan
- Suresh Ramadoss
- Suria Junus
- Susan Haskett
- Susan Hurley
- Susan McLaughlin
- Susannah Pajak
- Susanne Bodine
- Susanne Brenner
- Susumu Nakatani
- Suzannah Dorey
- Sybille Merscher
- Tabbatha Duck
- Tabinda Dugal
- Tadahiro Tomita
- Taeko Uchida
- Tai Meng Chen
- Takahiro Ishikawa
- Takahiro Kato
- Takahiro Matsunaga
- Takahiro Yamano
- Takako Kuramae
- Takako Ozawa
- Takanori Hyo
- Takashi Funayama
- Takashi Kadowaki
- Takashi Kobayashi
- Takashi Udagawa
- Takatoshi Otani
- Takayuki Katsuno
- Takehiko Wada
- Takehiro Sugiyama
- Takeshi Kurose
- Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Takeshi Ogihara
- Takuji Ishimoto
- Takuma Kojo
- Takuya Haraguchi
- Takuya Yokoyama
- Tamaki Sasaki
- Tamara Isakova
- Tammi Glider
- Tammy Ross
- Tanaji Dasgupta
- Taneera Ghate
- Taniya Nimbkar
- Tanvi Talsania
- Tara Johnson
- Tasuku Nagasawa
- Tatsuhito Himeno
- Tatyana Chavagnon
- Tejas Patel
- Teresa Kozlowski
- Teresa McKinley
- Terri Chant
- Tetsuya Hosooka
- Tetsuya Shigehara
- Thahir Abdul-Samad
- The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group: Colin Baigent
- Theresa McCarthy
- Thiemo Pfab
- Thisun Saram
- Thomas Arnold
- Thomas Jones
- Thomas Phillips
- Thomas Pickett
- Thomas Sitter
- Thomas Walters
- Thomas Weinreich
- Tim Doulton
- Tim Williams
- Timothy Ellam
- Tina Harding
- Tina Ramsey
- Ting Meng
- Tingting Kan
- Tobias Bergler
- Toluleyi Sobande
- Tomoe Sato
- Tomohide Hayami
- Tomohito Gohda
- Tomohito Izumi
- Tomoka Nakamura
- Tomoki Kosugi
- Tomoko Hisatake
- Tomoko Morisaki
- Tomoko Takahashi
- Tomoko Takai
- Tomonori Hasegawa
- Tomoya Mita
- Torsten Schramm
- Toru Ikeda
- Toshiki Kano
- Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Toshiya Yamamoto
- Toshiyuki Komiya
- Toyoyoshi Uchida
- Tracey Cummins
- Tracy Fuller
- Tracy Spinola
- Trevor Greene
- Tricia Young
- Tristan Daniels
- Tsukasa Iwakura
- Tuttle Katherine R
- Tze Jian Ng
- Ulla Ludwig
- Ulrike Giebeln-Hudnell
- Ulrike Schmidt
- Urs Benck
- Ursula Hohenstatt
- Usah Lilavivat
- Vahid Mahabadi
- Vanessa Rivers
- Verlaine Stewart-Ray
- Veronica Poma
- Veronica Yousif
- Vesta Lai
- Vicki Adell
- Vicki Brindle
- Vicki Dodds
- Vicki Donley
- Vickie Jones
- Victoria Carnall
- Victoria Gonce
- Vimal Derebail
- Vinay Varad
- Vittorio Ortalda
- Vivian Yiu
- Vladimir Cejka
- Volker Schettler
- Volker Vielhauer
- Wael Eid
- Wagdy Basily
- Wakako Isari
- Wallendszus Karl
- Waltraud Kmietschak
- Wan Ahmad Faizal Alaidin Razali
- Wan Hazlina Wan Mohamad
- Wanner Christoph
- Waqar Ayub
- Waseem Karsan
- Wasim Deeb
- Wasim Hanif
- Wataru Ogawa
- Wei Wang
- Wei Wei
- Weijing Bian
- Weiping Hou
- Weixin Kong
- Wen Jiun Liu
- Wen Liu
- Wendy Arriaga
- Wiebke Kaluza-Schilling
- Will Stevens
- William Durham
- William G Herrington
- William G Herrington
- William Hodge
- William Petchey
- Wolf-Adam Seeger
- Wolfgang Seeger
- Wuhanbilige Hundei
- Xavier Rossello
- Xia Song
- Xiangcheng Xiao
- Xiaojing Jiao
- Xiaojue Li
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Xinzhou Zhang
- Xiumei Hu
- Xuejiao Liu
- Xueying Wang
- Yan Li
- Yanmei Xu
- Yanping Wang
- YanRu Qiao
- Yanwu Yu
- Yanyun Xie
- Yao Weng
- Yao Yao
- Yasemin Kavak
- Yasuhiko Furukawa
- Yasuhiko Ito
- Yasuhiko Kanaguchi
- Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Yasushi Iwaita
- Ye Mun Low
- Yee Yan Lee
- Yew Fong Liew
- Yi Loon Tye
- Yik Hong Wong
- Yik Shen Lim
- Ying Hu
- Ying Jiang
- Ying Kuan
- Ying Lu
- Yinghua Chen
- Yohei Ejima
- Yoko Inukai
- Yolanda Miller
- Yong Chieh Chan
- Yonghong Bu
- Yoshiaki Morishita
- Yoshie Shibata
- Yoshifumi Tamura
- Yoshihiko Yamasaki
- Yoshihisa Wada
- Yoshikazu Tamori
- Yoshiki Suzuki
- Yoshimitsu Yamasaki
- Yoshinari Yasuda
- Yoshinori Osaki
- Yoshiro Kato
- Yoshiyuki Hamamoto
- Yosuke Hirakawa
- Yosuke Nakagawa
- Youcef Mostefai
- Young Lee-Barkey
- Yu An
- Yu Chen
- Yu Chen Ong
- Yu Yamanouchi
- Yuana Mohd Yusoff
- Yuichiro Munakata
- Yuji Oe
- Yuka Sato
- Yuka Ueda
- Yukari Miura
- Yuki Fujita
- Yuki Fukao
- Yuki Omori
- Yukihiro Shimizu
- Yukihiro Yamaji
- Yukiko Nakayama
- Yukiko Toyonaga
- Yukiko Wakita
- Yuko Katsuda
- Yuko Makita
- Yuko Okada
- Yuko Orimo
- Yumi Osawa
- Yushi Hirota
- Yusuke Suzuki
- Yutaka Kamimura
- Yuya Nishida
- Yvette Webley
- Yvonne Ehrl
- Yvonne Jackson
- Zabrina Lozon
- Zaid Azhari
- Zaiha Harun
- Zainab Sheriff
- Zanaida Cooper
- Zay Htet
- Zhang Duan Tham
- Zhi-Hong Liu
- Zhirui Zhao
- Zhu Doreen
- Zhuo Tang
- Zohreh Forghani
- Zuber Patel
- Publication venue
- 'Massachusetts Medical Society'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to < 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), a sustained decrease in eGFR of & GE;40% from baseline, or death from renal causes) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; P < 0.001). Results were consistent among patients with or without diabetes and across subgroups defined according to eGFR ranges. The rate of hospitalization from any cause was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P=0.003), but there were no significant between-group differences with respect to the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes (which occurred in 4.0% in the empagliflozin group and 4.6% in the placebo group) or death from any cause (in 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M.
- Al-Zeer Munir A.
- Albert Matthew L.
- Albin Roger L.
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi K.
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O.
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P.
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y.O.
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K.
- Baehrecke Eric H.
- Bahr Ben A.
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A.
- Bampton Edward T.W.
- Bartholomew Clinton R.
- Bassham Diane C.
- Bast Robert C.
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J.
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J.
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kiššová Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S.
- Boise Lawrence H.
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C.
- Bortoluci Karina R.
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V.
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E.
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H.
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L.
- Brookes Paul S.
- Brown Eric J.
- Brumell John H.
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T.
- Bulman Dennis E.
- Bultman Scott J.
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F.
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P.
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P.
- Béchet Daniel M.
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahová Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
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- Turk Boris
- Turner Lorianne S.
- Tyagi Suresh C.
- Tönges Lars
- Uchiyama Yasuo
- Ueno Takashi
- Umekawa Midori
- Umemiya-Shirafuji Rika
- Unni Vivek K.
- Vaccaro Maria I.
- Valente Enza Maria
- Van den Berghe Greet
- van der Klei Ida J.
- van Doorn Wouter G
- van Dyk Linda F.
- van Egmond Marjolein
- van Grunsven Leo A.
- Vandenabeele Peter
- Vandenberghe Wim P.
- Vanhorebeek Ilse
- Vaquero Eva C.
- Velasco Guillermo
- Vellai Tibor
- Vicencio José Miguel
- Vierstra Richard D.
- Vila Miquel
- Vindis Cécile
- Viola Giampietro
- Viscomi Maria Teresa
- Voitsekhovskaja Olga V.
- von Haefen Clarissa
- Votruba Marcela
- Wada Keiji
- Wade-Martins Richard
- Walker Cheryl L.
- Walsh Craig M.
- Walter Jochen
- Wan Xiang-Bo
- Wang Aimin
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Dawei
- Wang Fan
- Wang Guanghui
- Wang Haichao
- Wang Hong-Gang
- Wang Horng-Dar
- Wang Jin
- Wang Ke
- Wang Mei
- Wang Richard C.
- Wang Xinglong
- Wang Xiujie J.
- Wang Ying-Jan
- Wang Yipeng
- Wang Zhen-Bo
- Wang Zhigang Charles
- Wang Zhinong
- Wansink Derick G.
- Ward Diane M.
- Watada Hirotaka
- Waters Sarah L.
- Webster Paul
- Wei Lixin
- Weihl Conrad C.
- Weiss William A
- Welford Scott M.
- Wen Long-Ping
- Whitehouse Caroline A.
- Whitton J. Lindsay
- Whitworth Alexander J.
- Wileman Tom
- Wiley John W.
- Wilkinson Simon
- Willbold Dieter
- Williams Roger L.
- Williamson Peter R.
- Wouters Bradly G.
- Wu Chenghan
- Wu Dao-Cheng
- Wu William K.K.
- Wyttenbach Andreas
- Xavier Ramnik J.
- Xi Zhijun
- Xia Pu
- Xiao Gengfu
- Xie Zhiping
- Xie Zhonglin
- Xu Da-zhi
- Xu Jianzhen
- Xu Liang
- Xu Xiaolei
- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamamoto Akitsugu
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun-Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin-Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng-Chao
- Yao Tso-Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei-Lien
- Yin Jia-jing
- Yin Xiao-Ming
- Yoo Ook-Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung-Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong-Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi-Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol-Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh III Herbert J.
- Zeitlin Scott O.
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui-Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-Pu
- Zhang Jue
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming-Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi-Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J.
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong-Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M.
- Al-Zeer Munir A.
- Albert Matthew L.
- Albin Roger L.
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi K.
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O.
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P.
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y.O.
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K.
- Baehrecke Eric H.
- Bahr Ben A.
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A.
- Bampton Edward T.W.
- Bartholomew Clinton R.
- Bassham Diane C.
- Bast Robert C.
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J.
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J.
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kiššová Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S.
- Boise Lawrence H.
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C.
- Bortoluci Karina R.
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V.
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E.
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H.
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L.
- Brookes Paul S.
- Brown Eric J.
- Brumell John H.
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T.
- Bulman Dennis E.
- Bultman Scott J.
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F.
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P.
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P.
- Béchet Daniel M.
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahová Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo-Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos-Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B.
- Carding Simon R.
- Cardoso Sandra M.
- Carew Jennifer S.
- Carlin Cathleen R.
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A.M.
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A.
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han-Jung
- Chai Chee-Yin
- Chan David C.
- Chan Edmond Y.
- Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung
- Che Chi-Ming
- Chen Ching-Chow
- Chen Guang-Chao
- Chen Guo-Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S.-L.
- Chen WenLi
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye-Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu-Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H.K.
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae-Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess-Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H.
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui-Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih-Shen
- Chiou Shih-Hwa
- Chisari Francis V.
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong-Hyung
- Choi Augustine MK
- Choi DooSeok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E.
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung-Hsien
- Chueh Sheau-Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong-Joon
- Chye Mee-Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R.
- Clague Michael J.
- Clark Robert S.B.
- Clarke Peter G.H.
- Clarke Robert B
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A.
- Colombo María I.
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R.
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto-Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P.
- Cregg James M.
- Crespo José L.
- Cronjé Marianne J.
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J.
- Czaja Mark J.
- D'Amelio Marcello
- Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M.
- Davies Faith E.
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F.
- de Haan Cornelis A.M.
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M.D.
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel Jörn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D.
- Devenish Rodney J.
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz-Meco Maria T.
- Diaz-Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh-Kumar Savithramma P.
- Ding Wen-Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W.
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri-Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C.
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J.
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marlène
- Drew Mark E.
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen E.
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Díaz-Araya Guillermo
- Díaz-Laviada Inés
- Edelstein Charles L.
- Edinger Aimee L.
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El-Deiry Wafik S.
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M.
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna-Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi-Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farre Jean-Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G.
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo-Pereira Maria E.
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C.
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D.
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A.
- Fisher Paul B.
- Flajolet Marc
- Flores Juan B. Kouri
- Florez-McClure Maria L.
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
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- Franco Rodrigo
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- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes José M.
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H.
- Fésüs László
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G.
- Gao Fen-Biao
- Gao George F.
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Lorena
- Garcia-Manero Guillermo
- Garcia-Marcos Mikel
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L.
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R.
- Gegg Matthew E.
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E.
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M.
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N.
- Gibson Spencer B.
- Gilkerson Robert W.
- Ginger Michael L.
- Ginsberg Henry N.
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S.
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez-Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora Céline
- Gonzalez Claudio D.
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gonzalez-Rey Elena
- González-Estévez Cristina
- González-Polo Rosa Ana
- Gorbunov Nikolai V.
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D.
- Green Kim N.
- Gregorc Ales
- Gros Frédéric
- Grose Charles
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- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun-Lin
- Guan Kun-Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M.
- Gukovskaya Anna S.
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Åsa B.
- Halayko Andrew J.
- Hale Amber N.
- Halonen Sandra K.
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K.
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E.
- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L.
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D.
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A.
- Hayashi Shin-ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A.
- He Congcong
- He You-Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A.
- Helfrich Miep H.
- Helgason Gudmundur V.
- Henske Elizabeth P.
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K.
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J.
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G.
- Holyoake Tessa L.
- Hong Ming-Huang
- Hood David A.
- Hotamisligil Gökhan S.
- Houwerzijl Ewout J.
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien-an A.
- Hu Hong-Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei-Pang
- Huber Tobias B.
- Huh Won-Ki
- Hung Tai-Ho
- Hupp Ted R.
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B.
- Hussain Sabah N.A.
- Hussey Patrick J.
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Hébert Marie-Josée
- Höhfeld Jörg
- Høyer-Hansen Maria
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L.
- Ip Nancy Y.
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken-ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- Jaakkola Panu M.
- Jackson George R.
- Jackson William T.
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju-Hong
- Jeung Eui-Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X.
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiménez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan V.
- Joe Cheol O.
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E.
- Johnson Gail V.W.
- Jones Nicola L.
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K.
- Joubert Annie M.
- Juhász Gábor
- Juillerat-Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong-Keun
- Jäättelä Marja
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O.
- Kampinga Harm H.
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon-A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
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- Kanthasamy Anumantha G.
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- Kiger Amy A.
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- Manon Stephen
- Manov Irena
- Mao Kai
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- Marazziti Daniela
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- Marchbank Katie
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- Mitroulis Ioannis
- Miyazawa Keisuke
- Mizushima Noboru
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- Münger Karl
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- Nagata Kazuhiro
- Nahimana Aimable
- Nair Usha
- Nakagawa Toshiyuki
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- Nakano Hiroyasu
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- Nanjundan Meera
- Naqvi Naweed I
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- Palumbo Camilla
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- Sánchez-Alcázar José A.
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- Tomino Yasuhiko
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- Viscomi Maria Teresa
- Voitsekhovskaja Olga V.
- von Haefen Clarissa
- Votruba Marcela
- Wada Keiji
- Wade-Martins Richard
- Walker Cheryl L.
- Walsh Craig M.
- Walter Jochen
- Wan Xiang-Bo
- Wang Aimin
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Dawei
- Wang Fan
- Wang Guanghui
- Wang Haichao
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- Wang Horng-Dar
- Wang Jin
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- Yin Jia-jing
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- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
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- You Ho Jin
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- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong-Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi-Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol-Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh III Herbert J.
- Zeitlin Scott O.
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui-Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-Pu
- Zhang Jue
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming-Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi-Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J.
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong-Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T
- Acevedo Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre Ghiso Julio A
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait Si Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al Younes Hesham M
- Al Zeer Munir A
- Albert Matthew L
- Albin Roger L
- Alegre Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K
- Anoopkumar Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y. O
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- B\ue1nhegyi G\ue1bor
- B\ue9chet Daniel M
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K
- Baehrecke Eric H
- Bahr Ben A
- Bai Xue Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A
- Bampton Edward T. W
- Bartholomew Clinton R
- Bassham Diane C
- Bast Robert C
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro S\ue9bastien
- Bhatia Kissova Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S
- Boise Lawrence H
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C
- Bortoluci Karina R
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Bourquin Jean Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer Guittaut Micha\uebl
- Bozhkov Peter V
- Brady Nathan R
- BRANCOLINI Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L
- Brookes Paul S
- Brown Eric J
- Brumell John H
- Brunetti Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T
- Bulman Dennis E
- Bultman Scott J
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahov\ue1 Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B
- Carding Simon R
- Cardoso Sandra M
- Carew Jennifer S
- Carlin Cathleen R
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A. M
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han Jung
- Chai Chee Yin
- Chan David C
- Chan Edmond Y
- Chang Raymond Chuen Chung
- Che Chi Ming
- Chen Ching Chow
- Chen Guang Chao
- Chen Guo Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S. L
- Chen Wenli
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H. K
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih Shen
- Chiou Shih Hwa
- Chisari Francis V
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong Hyung
- Choi Augustine M. K
- Choi Dooseok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung Hsien
- Chueh Sheau Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong Joon
- Chye Mee Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R
- Clague Michael J
- Clark Robert S. B
- Clarke Peter G. H
- Clarke Robert
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A
- Colombo Mar\ueda I
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P
- Cregg James M
- Crespo Jos\ue9 L
- Cronj\ue9 Marianne J
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J
- Czaja Mark J
- D'Amelio Marcello
- D\uedaz Araya Guillermo
- D\uedaz Laviada In\ue9s
- Darfeuille Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M
- Davies Faith E
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F
- de Haan Cornelis A. M
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M. D
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel J\uf6rn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D
- Devenish Rodney J
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz Meco Maria T
- Diaz Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh Kumar Savithramma P
- Ding Wen Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marl\ue8ne
- Drew Mark E
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Edelstein Charles L
- Edinger Aimee L
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El Deiry Wafik S
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- F\ue9s\ufcs L\ue1szl\uf3
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farr\ue9 Jean Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo Pereira Maria E
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A
- Fisher Paul B
- Flajolet Marc
- Florez McClure Maria L
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H
- Fox Howard S
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes Jos\ue9 M
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G
- Gao Fen Biao
- Gao George F
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Manero Guillermo
- Garcia Marcos Mikel
- Garcia Lorena
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R
- Gegg Matthew E
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N
- Gibson Spencer B
- Gilkerson Robert W
- Ginger Michael L
- Ginsberg Henry N
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora C\ue9line
- Gonz\ue1lez Est\ue9vez Cristina
- Gonz\ue1lez Polo Rosa Ana
- Gonzalez Rey Elena
- Gonzalez Claudio D
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gorbunov Nikolai V
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D
- Green Kim N
- Gregorc Ale\u161
- Gros Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun Lin
- Guan Kun Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M
- Gukovskaya Anna S
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Asa B
- H\ue9bert Marie Jose\ue9
- H\uf6hfeld J\uf6rg
- H\uf8yer Hansen Maria
- Halayko Andrew J
- Hale Amber N
- Halonen Sandra K
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E
- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A
- Hayashi Shin ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A
- He Congcong
- He You Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A
- Helfrich Miep H
- Helgason Gudmundur V
- Henske Elizabeth P
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G
- Holyoake Tessa L
- Hong Ming Huang
- Hood David A
- Hotamisligil G\uf6khan S
- Houwerzijl Ewout J
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien An A
- Hu Hong Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei Pang
- Huber Tobias B
- Huh Won Ki
- Hung Tai Ho
- Hupp Ted R
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B
- Hussain Sabah N. A
- Hussey Patrick J
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L
- Ip Nancy Y
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- J\ue4\ue4ttel\ue4 Marja
- Jaakkola Panu M
- Jackson George R
- Jackson William T
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju Hong
- Jeung Eui Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jim\ue9nez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan
- Joe Cheol O
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E
- Johnson Gail V. W
- Jones Nicola L
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K
- Joubert Annie M
- Juh\ue1sz G\ue1bor
- Juillerat Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong Keun
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kagedal Katarina
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O
- Kampinga Harm H
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
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- Kang Kwang Il
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- Kr\ufcger Rejko
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- Kung Hsing Jien
- Kurz Tino
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- Legembre Patrick
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- Li Jun Lin
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- Lu Bingwei
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- Mizushima Noboru
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- Nahimana Aimable
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- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng Chao
- Yao Tso Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei Lien
- Yin Jia jing
- Yin Xiao Ming
- Yoo Ook Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh Herbert J
- Zeitlin Scott O
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing Pu
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei Guo
- Zhu Xiao Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke J\ufcrgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field