Histological Studies on the Tuber Formation of Cyclamen persicum Mill.

シクラメン塊茎の発育中にその内部においてみられる変化を組織学的に調査した. 結果を要約すると以下のとおりであった. 1.シクラメンの塊茎は発生学的には胚軸の肥大したものであった. 生育初期における胚軸の中心柱内における維管束配列は真正中心柱であった. 2.は種80日後には二次胚軸維管束,130日後には三次胚軸維管束の環状の列が一次胚軸維管束を取り巻いて生じた. これらはいずれも内鞘から分化してきた. 3.塊茎の二次肥大は主として木部柔細胞の増加によってなされ,皮層の厚さの増加はほとんど関与しなかった. 4.胚軸維管束内には維管束内形成層が発達したが,維管束間形成層は分化しなかった. 5.シクラメン塊茎の肥大型は茎や根の異常肥大成長型の一つである多環型の一変形とみるのが妥当と思われた

The Philosophy of Value (9): Authored by Tsunesaburo Makiguchi, revised and supplemented by Josei Toda,originally translated by Translation Division Overseas Bureau Soka Gakkai, newly translated by Koichi Miyata

ilus, xvi, 208 hlm, 23 c

Chotosan (Diaoteng San)-induced improvement of cognitive deficits in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAMP8) involves the amelioration of angiogenic/neurotrophic factors and neuroplasticity systems in the brain

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chotosan (CTS, <it>Diaoteng San</it>), a Kampo medicine (<it>ie </it>Chinese medicine) formula, is reportedly effective in the treatment of patients with cerebral ischemic insults. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CTS in cognitive deficits and investigates the effects and molecular mechanism(s) of CTS on learning and memory deficits and emotional abnormality in an animal aging model, namely 20-week-old senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8), with and without a transient ischemic insult (T2VO).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Age-matched senescence-resistant inbred strain mice (SAMR1) were used as control. SAMP8 received T2VO (T2VO-SAMP8) or sham operation (sham-SAMP8) at day 0. These SAMP8 groups were administered CTS (750 mg/kg, p.o.) or water daily for three weeks from day 3.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared with the control group, both sham-SAMP8 and T2VO-SAMP8 groups exhibited cognitive deficits in the object discrimination and water maze tests and emotional abnormality in the elevated plus maze test. T2VO significantly exacerbated spatial cognitive deficits of SAMP8 elucidated by the water maze test. CTS administration ameliorated the cognitive deficits and emotional abnormality of sham- and T2VO-SAMP8 groups. Western blotting and immunohistochemical studies revealed a marked decrease in the levels of phosphorylated forms of neuroplasticity-related proteins, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1), Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the frontal cortices of sham-SAMP8 and T2VO-SAMP8. Moreover, these animal groups showed significantly reduced levels of vasculogenesis/angiogenesis factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor type 2 (VEGFR2), platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) and PDGF receptor α (PDGFRα). CTS treatment reversed the expression levels of these factors down-regulated in the brains of sham- and T2VO-SAMP8.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Recovery of impaired neuroplasticity system and VEGF/PDGF systems may play a role in the ameliorative effects of CTS on cognitive dysfunction caused by aging and ischemic insult.</p

A New View of Accentuation and the Annotation of Accentuation

ORIGINAL PAPER宮田幸一, 1927, 「新しいアクセント觀とアクセント表記法」, 三宅武郎（編）『音声の研究』1, pp. 18-22, 音聲學協會.MIYATA, Kōichi, 1927, Atarashī akusento-kan-to akusento-hyōkihō, In MIYAKE, Takeo (Ed.), Onsei-no Kenkyū I, Onseigaku kyōkai, pp. 18-22.Translated by Wayne Lawrence (The University of Auckland)Proofed by Timothy J. Vance (Komatsu University

Natural history of Upshaw-Schulman syndrome based on ADAMTS13 gene analysis in Japan

Upshaw–Schulman syndrome (USS) is an extremely rare hereditary deficiency of ADAMTS13 activity, termed congenital TTP. The clinical signs are usually mild during childhood, often with isolated thrombocytopenia. But their symptoms become more evident when patients have infections or get pregnant. We identified 43 USS-patients in Japan, who ranged in age from early childhood to 79 years of age. Analysing the natural history of these USS patients based on ADAMTS13 gene mutations may help characterise their clinical phenotypes. Severe neonatal jaundice that requires exchange blood transfusion, a hallmark of USS, was found in 18 of 43 patients (42%). During childhood, 25 of 43 patients were correctly diagnosed with USS without gender disparity. These 25 patients were categorised as having ‘the early-onset phenotype’. Between 15 and 45 years of age, 15 were correctly diagnosed, and, interestingly, they were all female. The remaining three patients were male and were diagnosed when they were older than 45 years of age, suggesting that they were ‘the late-onset phenotype’. Two of these three males developed sudden overt TTP when they were 55 and 63 years old, respectively. These two men had two different homozygous ADAMTS13 gene mutations, p.R193W/p.R193W and p.C1024R/p.C1024R, respectively. Both of which were not discovered in the US or Western countries. In vitro expression studies showed that these two proteins were consistently secreted into the culture medium but to a lesser extent and with reduced activity compared to the wild-type protein. Our results indicate that ‘the late-onset phenotype’ of USS is formed with ethnic specificity.・The definitive version is available at " http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04341.x "・State of the Art 2011 : XXIII Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Invited Reviewhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04341.