The possibilities of using group regression in the analysis of the diameter structure development in selection forests of Tara

Based on the presented study results, it can be concluded that the distribution of tree numbers per diameter degrees (diameter structure) in the four measurements of the compartments 51 and 75, did not change. It was also concluded that one functional dependence could be applied for both compartments N=e5,9·e–0,39*d The result of the above is that also in the following measurements, the diameter structure will remain unchanged, in cases of the same or similar selection cuttings both by the scope and by the distribution of felled trees per diameter classes The primary objective of this type of study is to predict, based on a mathematical model of diameter structure development, effect of the scope of selection cuttings and the number of recruitments on the diameter structure, and the simulation of growth, the distribution of trees per diameter classes in the following measurement or measurements, i.e. to foresee the future development of selection stands

Synchronous primary ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and poorly differentiated endometrial stromal sarcoma

Introduction: The presence of two concomitant genital malignant tumours is a rare phenomenon with an incidence of 0.7%. They are typically localised in the uterus and ovary, and approximately 50% are identical endometrioid - endometrioid histological type. In the presence of two different histological types of tumours, diagnosis is easier, but because of the small number of reported cases, there are no precise data on their clinical course. Generally, women with synchronous endometrial and ovarian tumours have a better prognosis and are more frequently younger, obese, multiparous and in menopause compared with women who have metastatic ovarian cancer or endometrial cancer. Case Report: In this work, we present a 53-year-old woman who contacted a gynaecologist because of irregular uterine haemorrhaging. The gynaecological exam revealed a tumour protruding through the cervical canal. The biopsy with initial histopathological diagnosis and additional ECHO and CT evaluations indicated the presence of a cervical tumour spreading over the uterus and both uterine adnexa. After surgical intervention, macroscopic and microscopic analyses of the postoperative material showed the simultaneous presence of two different malignancies, ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and poorly differentiated endometrial stromal sarcoma, which infiltrated all layers of the uterus, cervix and both fallopian tubes. Conclusion: The prognosis of synchronous tumours of the ovary and the uterus is primarily dependent on the stage and histological type of each tumour. Because of the rather small number of reported cases, a large part of this phenomenon remains unknown. Our report is the first description of the synchronous occurrence of endometrial ovarian carcinoma and uterine stromal sarcoma

Combined lymphangioma and hemangioma of the spleen in a patient with Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome

Introduction. Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome (KTS) is a very rare congenital anomaly of blood vessels, characterized by the following clinical triad: varicose superficial veins, port-wine stain and usually bony and soft tissue hypertophy of extremities, most often located in the lower extremities. It is often accompanied by visceral manifestations, and rarely combined with splenomegaly. Case Outline. A 30-year-old female patient came to the Surgery Clinic because of occasional left hypochondrial pain. After she was diagnosed with KTS combined with splenomegaly, splenectomy was performed. Macroscopic and microscopic spleen examination indicated the presence of tumor of vascular origin, presenting a combination of lymphangioma and hemangioma. Conclusion. Diagnosed KTS demands a thorough clinical examination of the patient because of the potential presence of visceral manifestations. When splenomegaly is present, even though being often benign, splenectomy is usually performed to alleviate accompanying symptoms which occur as a result of organ enlargement and compression, to prevent rupture and consequential bleeding when the vascular spleen tumor is large, and finally to avoid a possibility of malignant transformation

Foreign body extraction through the rigid bronchoscopy

Introduction. Foreign body aspiration into tracheobronchial tree represents an urgent condition at high level of risk. Etiology is different, and this condition is typical for all ages with highest incidence in pediatric population. Case report. A successful foreign body removal (partial denture) in a 34-year old man was presented. Radiography and computerized tomography of the chest showed a foreign body localized at the level of the right bronchus including the right middle lobe bronchus. By the use of rigid bronchoscopy, a foreign body was visualized and mobilized from the segmental bronchus in the first act, and then completely extracted. Conclusion. Efficient diagnostics and extraction are imperative for the aspirated foreign body preventing life-threatening complications

Endometrioza ravnog trbušnog mišića poslije carskog reza - prikaz slučaja

Endometriosis is defined by the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus, where it is normally located. Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecologic entities affecting 8%-18% of menstrual women. Endometriosis can occur at intra-and extrapelvic localizations. The most common intrapelvic localizations are those involving the ovaries, Douglas\u27 area, pelvic peritoneum, uterus, bladder and rectum. Abdominal endometriosis is the most common localization of extrapelvic endometriosis and usually develops in connective tissue. Extra-pelvic implantation of endometrial tissue may develop in any organ including the skin, lungs, liver, extremities, brain and stomach. Three years after cesarean section, a 35-year-old female was operated on for suspected anterior abdominal hernia at the site of previous section. An egg-sized tumor was removed from the rectus abdominis muscle and referred for histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses. The results showed endometriosis of the muscle with positive estrogen and progesterone receptors. A year after the procedure, treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs was continued due to recurrent pain in the scar area, along with ultrasonography and biochemical marker (carbohydrate antigen 125) follow-up. Clinical diagnosis of scar endometriosis can be made by thorough history and physical, ultrasonography and biochemical examinations. Scar endometriosis should always be considered when the symptoms occur in a cyclic and hormone-dependent pattern, mostly after gynecologic operations, and worsening during menstruation. Definitive diagnosis is based on histopathologic analysis.Endometrioza se definira prisustvom funkcionalnih endometrijalnih žlijezda i strome izvan šupljine maternice, gdje je njihova normalna lokalizacija. Endometrioza je jedan od najčešćih ginekoloških entiteta, prisutna kod 8%-18% menstrualnih žena. Endometrioza može biti intra-i ekstrapelvične lokalizacije. Najčešći slučajevi su intrapelvične lokalizacije koje zahvaćaju ovarijume, zatim Douglasov prostor, pelvični peritoneum, veze maternice, mokraćni mjehur, rektum. Abdominalna endometrioza je najčešća lokalizacija ekstrapelvične endometrioze i obično se razvija na vezivnom tkivu. Ekstrapelvična implantacija endometrijalnog tkiva može biti na bilo kom organu u organizmu uključujući i kožu, epiziotomiju, pluća, jetru, ekstremitete, mozak i trbušni zid. Pacijentica stara 35 godina tri godine poslije carskog reza operirana je zbog pretpostavke da se radi o kili prednjeg trbušnog zida, na mjestu prethodnog reza, kada je odstranjen tumor veličine jajeta na ravnom trbušnom mišiću. Histopatološka i imunohistokemijska analiza tumora pokazala je da se radi o endometriozi dotičnog mišića sa pozitivnim estrogenskim i progesteronskim receptorima. Godinu dana poslije procedure pojavila se bol u predjelu ožiljka, bolesnica je stalno liječena analogom hormona za otpuštanje gonadotropina, uz serijsku kontrolu ultrazvuka i biokemijskog markera, CA 125. Klinička dijagnoza ožiljne endometrioze može se postaviti pažljivom anamnezom i fizikalnim pregledom, ultrasonografskim i biokemijskim ispitivanjem. Na ožiljnu endometriozu treba misliti uvijek kada se simptomi javljaju ciklično, u zavisnosti od hormona, najčešće poslije ginekoloških operacija, a koji se pogoršavaju tijekom menstruacije. Prava dijagnoza postavlja se histopatološkom analizom

Safety Times for Multistage Assembly System

Nowadays, a wide class of problems can be solved by using the classical newsboy model. However, in problems where uncertainty of events and randomness are omnipresent, there is a necessity to adapt the existing solutions and/or find new extensions that will properly answer all requirements. This paper considers a multistage assembly system where interrelated assembly operations with independent stochastic operation times should be planned in an optimal way. Delivery of items in a requested time implies that either delay costs or holding costs appear. The goal is to find optimal safety times. We propose an approximate technique based on successive application of the solution of simpler one-stage problem. The generalized mathematical model suggested is built up on the relaxed hypothesis and can be used in multistage assembly networks. The existence and uniqueness of the solution are proven. The preliminary tests are performed and our approximate technique is compared to exact results

Antiarrhythmic Drugs in Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents the most common sustained heart rhythm abnormality. It presents in paroxysmal and persistent forms. The pathogenesis of AF is still debatable with several proposed mechanisms. The main pathway for diagnosis of AF is through electrocardiographic record. Treatment strategies can be divided into two strategies: rate and rhythm control. For rhythm control, antiarrhythmic drugs, direct current cardioversion, and electrophysiological ablation are used, while for rate control, chronotropic drugs are being used, while AV node ablation is required in order to reduce rapid ventricular rate, which is often observed in patients with AF. The rhythm control strategy implies the use of cardioversion to convert AF to normal, sinus rhythm. Cardioversion can be either pharmacological or electrical. Rate control strategy can be implied to patients with permanent AF but should also imply for the patients with paroxysmal AF when relapse occurs. Rapid ventricular rates can cause palpitations or even a syncope and other rate-related symptoms; however, these high ventricular rates lead to degradation of left ventricle performance, mitral regurgitation, and further dilatation of the left atrium. The main antiarrhythmic drugs used in treatment of AF are propafenone, flecainide, beta-blockers, amiodarone, dronedarone, dofetilide, vernakalant, and ranolazine

Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in subcutaneous endometriosis

Endometriosis is a clinical disorder defined by the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Depending on the localization of the endometrial tissue related to the pelvis, the endometriosis can be classified either as intrinsic or extrinsic. The prevalence of endometriosis is difficult to determine. Statistical data show that endometriosis could be associated both with female infertility (20%) and pelvic pains (24%), while in 4.1% of affected women, endometriosis has asymptomatic forms. The total prevalence of endometriosis is estimated to be between 5-10%. A 35-year-old woman from Knic, Serbia, was admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of the Clinical Center in Kragujevac for surgical treatment of a suspicious swelling in the pubic region. Following surgical intervention, a nut-sized tumor was removed and sent for both pathohistological and immunohistochemical analysis. The results confirmed the presence of subcutaneous endometriosis positive for both estrogen and progesterone receptors. Endometriosis is usually described as a steroid hormone-dependent change that resembles the eutopic endometrial tissue characteristic for the presence of both glandular and stromal tissues. Given the fact that endometrial lesions are estrogen-dependent tumors, a crucial factor in the development of endometriosis is a late exposure to the hormone, mostly estrogen. Spontaneous subcutaneous endometriosis is rarely observed, but it could be assumed if there is recurrent pelvic pain which intensifies during menstruation. Given the fact that endometriosis coexists with different autoimmune diseases, multidisciplinary approaches are required for its proper diagnosis

Assessing terpene content variability of whitebark pine in order to estimate representative sample size

In studies of population variability, particular attention has to be paid to the selection of a representative sample. The aim of this study was to assess the size of the new representative sample on the basis of the variability of chemical content of the initial sample on the example of a whitebark pine population. Statistical analysis included the content of 19 characteristics (terpene hydrocarbons and their derivates) of the initial sample of 10 elements (trees). It was determined that the new sample should contain 20 trees so that the mean value calculated from it represents a basic set with a probability higher than 95 %. Determination of the lower limit of the representative sample size that guarantees a satisfactory reliability of generalization proved to be very important in order to achieve cost efficiency of the research.Cilj ovih istraživanja je da se na osnovu varijabilnosti hemijskih svojstava početnog uzorka proceni veličina novog reprezentativnog uzorka jedne populacije munike. Statističkom analizom je obuhvaćen sadržaj 19 svojstava (terpenskih ugljovodonika i njihovih derivata) početnog uzorka od 10 elemenata (stabala). Utvrđeno je da novi uzorak treba da sadrži 20 stabala da bi srednja vrednost izračunata iz njega reprezentovala osnovni skup sa verovatnoćom većom od 95 %. Određivanje donje granice veličine reprezentativnog uzorka koja garantuje zadovoljavajuću pouzdanost uopštavanja je veoma važno zbog ekonomičnosti istraživanja.Projekat ministarstva br. OI-173011, br. TR-37002 i br. III-4300

Assessing terpene content variability of whitebark pine in order to estimate representative sample size

In studies of population variability, particular attention has to be paid to the selection of a representative sample. The aim of this study was to assess the size of the new representative sample on the basis of the variability of chemical content of the initial sample on the example of a whitebark pine population. Statistical analysis included the content of 19 characteristics (terpene hydrocarbons and their derivates) of the initial sample of 10 elements (trees). It was determined that the new sample should contain 20 trees so that the mean value calculated from it represents a basic set with a probability higher than 95 %. Determination of the lower limit of the representative sample size that guarantees a satisfactory reliability of generalization proved to be very important in order to achieve cost efficiency of the research.Cilj ovih istraživanja je da se na osnovu varijabilnosti hemijskih svojstava početnog uzorka proceni veličina novog reprezentativnog uzorka jedne populacije munike. Statističkom analizom je obuhvaćen sadržaj 19 svojstava (terpenskih ugljovodonika i njihovih derivata) početnog uzorka od 10 elemenata (stabala). Utvrđeno je da novi uzorak treba da sadrži 20 stabala da bi srednja vrednost izračunata iz njega reprezentovala osnovni skup sa verovatnoćom većom od 95 %. Određivanje donje granice veličine reprezentativnog uzorka koja garantuje zadovoljavajuću pouzdanost uopštavanja je veoma važno zbog ekonomičnosti istraživanja.Projekat ministarstva br. OI-173011, br. TR-37002 i br. III-4300