Ryegrasses: An Option for an Annual Forage Crop in Alaska

Annuals are often planted for a forage crop in Alaska, often on land that is being renovated or on newly cleared land, thus providing a longer opportunity for worldng the soil before seeding a perennial. Oats (Avena sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) , sometimes seeded with a legume, are the most important annuals used for forage in Alaska. Cereals can provide a high-yield , late-summer forage crop, stored as hay or silage. Ryegrass (Lolium), another annual not now in significant use in Alaska , affords an option that merits consideration in forage programs

Perennial Grass Trials for Forage Purposes In Three Areas of Southcentral Alaska

Forage trials of seeded perennial grasses were conducted at four sites in three areas of southcentral Alaska on soils with pH readings generally below 5.5 (down to 4 .35) . Three trials were at forested locations and one at a subalpine site. Each trial was sustained for three to five harvest years under a two-harvest system. 'Engmo' timothy (Phleum pratense) , the standard forage grass on strongly acidic soils in the region, equaled or, more often , exceeded the other grasses in first-harvest yields, but often was surpassed in second-harvest yields. Grasses often substantially exceeding timothy in second-harvest yields included reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and entries of tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa) and Bering hairgrass (D. beringensis), sometimes providing more total yield than timothy. Some red fescues (Festuca rubra) and 'Nugget' Kentucky bluegrass .(Poa pratensis) also tended to surpass timothy in second growth. Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis) failed at sites with soil pH below 5.3, but persisted at one site with pH varying from 5.3 to 5.7. 'Garrison' creeping foxtail (Alopecurus arundinaceus) also failed at these sites; its close relative meadow foxtail (A. pratensis), was better adapted to the strongly acidic sites. Indigenous polargrass (Arctagrostis latifolia) about equaled or surpassed timothy in yield at two of the sites, and bluejoint reedgrass (Calamagrostis canadensis) provided comparable but somewhat lower yields. Timothy tended to be higher in digestible dry matter than most grasses, but near to below average in CP, P, K, and Ca concentrations. Some deficiencies occurred in energy values (DDM) and, except for red fescue, in Ca concentrations of first-harvest herbage relative to the requirements of a growing 500-lb steer. Crude protein of second-harvest herbage was deficient for many grasses at two sites, and DDM was marginal to low for some, but especially for bluejoint reedgrass

Circular 40

For cooperation and assistance in the work reported here, we gratefully acknowledge Dr. William Burgoyne, State of Alaska Division of Environmental Conservation and Mr. Delon Brown, USDA, Alaska Crop and Livestock Reporting Service. We especially appreciate the efforts of numerous pesticide manufacturers, distributors, dealers, and users who took the necessary time to provide information essential for this compilation. Richard Maxwell, Agricultural Chemicals Specialist, Cooperative Extension Service, Washington State University, provided difficult to locate pesticide label information. The editors of Farm Chemicals Handbook, 1980, provided the list of preferred names as well as information regarding general application of pesticide products.Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Reference -- Pesticide Use in Alaska, 197

Weed competition in soybeans and corn

"6/82/1M""The effects of weed competition on crop yields demonstrate the importance of weed control practices. This review of weed competition focuses on crops that are economically important to Missouri."--first paragraphUniversity of Missouri Extension DivisionIncludes bibliographical reference

Common names of weeds in Missouri field crops

"Common weeds in field crops are known by at least two common names; some by a dozen or more. For example, Abutilon theophrasti may be referred to as wild cotton in southeast Missouri, while farmers in a northwest community may call it butter print. Indian mallow might be the preferred name in another locale. But if you want to use the name that will get the most nods of recognition from farmers throughout this country, call it velvetleaf. The many common names of weeds frequently creates communication problems. During a conversation, two people may refer to a plant species, but use different common names. They don't realize that they are both referring to the same plant. More importantly, this confusion can result in erroneous weed management decisions."--First page.William W. Dierker and Mitchell E. Roof (Integrated Pest Management College of Agriculture)New 8/82/8

Associations of depression status and hopelessness with breast cancer.

This study extended the literature by examining whether three profiles of depression predicted breast cancer status. In 1076 women of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, depression status and hopelessness were measured at baseline and breast cancer status was ascertained 24 years later. Double depression, but not major depression or dysthymia, was associated with breast cancer. Hopelessness predicted fewer new cases of breast cancer. When double depression and hopelessness were simultaneously entered as predictors, the regression weights of both predictors increased. The role of severe and extended duration depression as well as possible explanations for unexpected findings are discussed

Recovery of Minerales Monclova Minas V

Methane issuing from a roof-bolt hole ignited when the hot bit was withdrawn. Similar ignitions have occurred in other mines. This one differed in that flames spread quickly, coal was ignited, and, after three futile hours of applying inadequate water and extinguishing agents, the mine was sealed. Fires are fuel and ventilation controlled. In this mine there was an abundance of methane, coal, and wood lagging. Recovery of the mine, therefore, depended on successful control of its ventilation. The recovery was done without anyone suffering a scratch; a remarkable feat considering the abnormal methane outflows and concentrations, the continuing evidence of on-going thermal reactions, and what once were inexperienced but now amongst the best mine rescuemen

Individual differences in the shape of the nasal visual field

AbstractBetween-subject differences in the shape of the nasal visual field were assessed for 103 volunteers 21–85years of age and free of visual disorder. Perimetry was conducted with a stimulus for which contrast sensitivity is minimally affected by peripheral defocus and decreased retinal illumination. One eye each was tested for 103 volunteers free of eye disease in a multi-center prospective longitudinal study. A peripheral deviation index was computed as the difference in log contrast sensitivity at outer (25–29° nasal) and inner (8° from fixation) locations. Values for this index ranged from 0.01 (outer sensitivity slightly greater than inner sensitivity) to −0.7 log unit (outer sensitivity much lower than inner sensitivity). Mean sensitivity for the inner locations was independent of the deviation index (R2<1%), while mean sensitivity for the outer locations was not (R2=38%, p<0.0005). Age was only modestly related to the index, with a decline by 0.017 log unit per decade (R2=10%). Test-retest data for 21 volunteers who completed 7–10 visits yielded standard deviations for the index from 0.04 to 0.17 log unit, with a mean of 0.09 log unit. Between-subject differences in peripheral deviation persisted over two years of longitudinal testing. Peripheral deviation indices were correlated with indices for three other perimetric stimuli used in a subset of 24 volunteers (R2 from 20% to 49%). Between-subject variability in shape of the visual field raises concerns about current clinical visual field indices, and further studies are needed to develop improved indices