"Common weeds in field crops are known by at least two common names; some by a dozen or more. For example, Abutilon theophrasti may be referred to as wild cotton in southeast Missouri, while farmers in a northwest community may call it butter print. Indian mallow might be the preferred name in another locale. But if you want to use the name that will get the most nods of recognition from farmers throughout this country, call it velvetleaf. The many common names of weeds frequently creates communication problems. During a conversation, two people may refer to a plant species, but use different common names. They don't realize that they are both referring to the same plant. More importantly, this confusion can result in erroneous weed management decisions."--First page.William W. Dierker and Mitchell E. Roof (Integrated Pest Management College of Agriculture)New 8/82/8

Dierker, William W.

Roof, Mitchell E.

English

University of Missouri: MOspace

Archive version - check for updatesu M C Stiellet """ "Cetlt110/011 AUG 31 J 82 GUIDE P11/J/i1ltetl "' Ike llllivtrsill of ,Mi11,11ri - e,l11•6i11 tKltllliDII tJiviliDII Common Names of Weeds In Missouri Field Crops William W. Dierker and Mitchell E. Roof Integrated Pest Management College of Agriculture Common weeds in field crops are known by at least two common names; some by a dozen or more. For example, Abutilon theophrasti may be referred to as wild cotton in southeast Missouri, while farmers in a northwest community may call it butter print. Indian mallow might be the pre-ferred name in another locale. But if you want to use the name that will get the most nods of recognition from farmers throughout this country, call it velvetleaf. The many common names of weeds frequently creates communication prob-lems . During a conversation, two people may refer to a plant species, but use different common names. They don't realize that they are both referring to the same plant. More importantly, this confusion can result in erroneous weed management decisions. Weed names on herbicide labels. Some herbicide labels list both the common and scientific names of weeds controlled by the active ingredient. Others list only common names . If growers know the scientific names of weeds , there will be no difficulty in selecting the proper herbicide . However, most growers do not buy herbicides by scientific names but rather by common names. Usually one, two, or rarely three common names may be given for a weed species on a herbicide label. (See examples 1 and 2.) The first common name listed in each case is the most frequently used common name for a particular species. Names in parentheses are less frequently used, but they are used often enough to warrant inclusion on the label. Errors in herbicide selection. Farmers often know Examples 1 and 2. Weed names on herbicide labels. 1. XZ Herbicide Weeds controlled: Scientific name Echinochloa crusgali Digitaria sanguinalis Panicum dichotomiflorum Agropyron repens Setaria lutescens Amaranthus retrojlexus Abutilon theophrasti 2. RL Herbicide Weeds controlled: Scientific name Xanthium pensylvanicum lpomoea hederacea Sida spinosa Digitaria ischaemum Campsis radicans Cyperus esculentus 4850 Common name Barnyard grass (watergrass) Large crabgrass Panicum Quack grass Yellow foxtail Redroot pigweed Yelvetleaf (buttonweed) Common name Common cocklebur Ivyleaf morning glory Prickly sida (spiny sida, teaweed) Smooth crabgrass Trumpet creeper Yellow nutsedge (yellow nutgrass) weeds by names that never appear on a herbicide label. If they use the incorrect names when shopping for herbicides, they may buy an unsuitable product. For example, Abutilon theophrasti, velvetleaf, is also called wild cotton in southeast Missouri. A popular weed control manual, which lists most of the major herbicides along with the common names of weeds controlled, mentions only one product for control of wild cotton. The herbicide is fenuron, a weed brush killer, used to control undesirable woody plants and deep-rooted perennials . Wild cotton does appear on the product label, but in this case wild cotton refers to Hibiscus moscheutos, a perennial species in the same family as velvetleaf. Several weed species may be referred to by the same common name. This leads to further confusion in herbicide selection. For example, watergrass may be used to refer to barnyardgrass , yellow nutsedge, smooth crabgrass, and large crabgrass. Selecting a herbicide to control watergrass might give good barnyardgrass (an annual) control, but control of yellow nutsedge (a perennial) may be less than expected . You can find oth\;!r similar examples by comparing the list of common names used in Missouri with various herbicide labels. Another good reason for identifying a weed by its scien-tific name, or at least by the most commonly used name , is that some species are more tolerant to certain herbicides . For example, within the pigweed group, a few weeds are more difficult to control. Water hemp, which is similar to smooth pigweed , is more difficult to control. Palmer's pigweed, a southern species, has a greater tolerance to dinitroaniline herbicides . By selecting herbicides broadly labeled for pigweed control, you may get less effective control of certain species. The information in Table I on common names of 44 of the most frequently observed weeds in Missouri was ac-quired from several sources, including a survey of common names of weeds sent to area extension specialists, botanical references, and the personal experiences of the authors. This list is intended to serve as a reference for those who make weed management decisions. It also emphasizes the impor-tance of proper weed identification. Summary. The common names farmers use to refer to a weed species often depend upon the area of Missouri in which they live . This can be a problem when choosing a herbicide application or some other means of weed manage-ment . Successful control depends on knowing the correct name of the weed in question . This is especially true in selecting herbicides by labels, which may list only one com-mon name for a species. The weed names you use to select a herbicide should be the ones approved by the Weed Science Society of America or possibly the next most commonly used names. Table 1. Common names of weeds found in Missouri field crops. General plant group Common names Common names not Growth habit usually appearing on Other common names reported from Missouri Scientific name herbicide labels used in Missouri but encountered elsewhere Sedges Perennials Cyperus esculentus Yellow nutsedge* Nutgrass Edible galingale Nutsedge Watergrass Chufa Yellow nutgrass Wet weather grass Rush-nut Earth-almond Nutrush Northern nutgrass Coco sedge Grasses Annuals Cenchrus longispinus Sandbur Longspine sandbur* Beargrass Field sandbur Burgrass Sand-spurs Hedgehoggrass Cock-spurs Digitaria ischaemum Smooth crabgrass* Small crabgrass Smooth fingergrass Crabgrass Watergrass Sloughgrass D. sanguinalis Large crabgrass* Watergrass Large hairy crabgrass Hairy crabgrass Bunchgrass Polish millet Crabgrass Fingergrass Purple crabgrass Pigeongrass Crowfoot Echinochloa spp. Bamyardgrass* Wild millet Cocks-foot Watergrass Cockspurgrass Panic grass 4850 General plant group Common names Common names not Growth habit usually appearing on Other common names reported from Missouri Scientific name herbicide labels used in Missouri but encountered elsewhere Grasses Annuals Panicum Fall panicum* Ticklegrass Spreading panicgrass dichotomiflorum Panicgrass Grease grass Spreading witchgrass Watergrass Giant crabgrass Sprouting crabgrass Setaria faberi Giant foxtailt Nodding foxtail Foxtail Millet Wild millet S. glauca Yellow foxtail* Wild millet Yellow bristlegrass Foxtail Bottle grass Glaucous bristly foxtail Millet Common foxtail Bristlegrass Summergrass Golden foxtail S. viridis Green foxtail* Bottle grass Wild millet Foxtail Pigeon grass Millet Sorghum bicolor Shattercane* Black amber Wild cane Amber cane Scattercane Perennials Agropyron repens Quackgrass* Witchgrass . Wickens Couchgrass Quickgrass Wheat grass Scutchgrass Doggrass Seargrass Quickens Stroil Squitch Knot grass Devil's-grass Twitch grass Blue-joint Pondgrass Sloughgrass Colorado bluegrass False wheat Sorghum halepense Johnsongrass* Arabian millet Morocco millet Egyptian millet Evergreen millet Means-grass Milletgrass Cubagrass St. Mary's-grass False Guineagrass Maiden-cane Broad-leaved plants Annuals Abutilon theophrasti Velvetleaf* Cotton weed Indian mallow Buttonweed Wild cotton Pie maker Butterprint Elephant ear Amaranthus hybridus Smooth pigweed* Slender pigweed Pigweed Wild beet Careless weed Green amaranth Red amaranth Green pigweed Prince's feather 4850 General plant group Growth habit Scientific name Broad-leaved plants Annuals A. retroflexus A. tamariscinus Ambrosia artemisiifolia A. trifida Chenopodium album Helianthus annuus Hibiscus trionum /pomoea hederacea I. lacunosa I. purpurea Kochia scoparia Polygonum pensylvanicum Common names usually appearing on herbicide labels Redroot pigweed* Careless weed Common pigweed Pigweed Waterhemp Common ragweed* Giant ragweed* Lambsquarter Sunflower* Venice mallow* Annual morning glory Morning glory Morning glory Annual morning glory Morning glory Kochia* Other common names used in Missouri Common names not reported from Missouri but encountered elsewhere Redroot Rough pigweed Green pigweed Chinamen' s greens Hemp Pigweed Smooth pigweed White pigweed Green pigweed Careless weed Ragweed Kansas ragweed Hogweed Horse weed Great ragweed Ragweed Mule tail Horse cane Common lambsquarter* Mealweed Common sunflower Wild sunflower Flower-of-an-hour Shoo-fly Brown-eyed susan Ivy-leaf morning glory Wild morning glory Small white morning glory Bindweed Little flower morning glory Tall morning glory* Wild morning glory Common morning glory Mexican fireweed Fireweed Fireball Firebush Summer cypress Tumbleweed Pigweed Wild beet Rough green pigweed Rough green amaranth Black weed Mayweed Wild tansy Roman wormwood Carrot weed Bitterweed Buffaloweed Kinghead White goosefoot Bacon weed Frostbite Fat-hen Pigweed Wild spinach Comb flower Annual sunflower Modesty Bladder katmia Pitted morning glory Rope-wind Burning-bush Broom-cypress Pennsylvania smartweed* Smartweed Leatherleaf Hearts-ease Purple-head Swamp smartweed Pinkweed Glandular smartweed 4850 General plant group Growth habit Scientific name Broad-leaved plants Annuals P. persicaria Sicyos angulatus Sida spinosa Common names usually appearing on herbicide labels Lady's thumb* Smartweed Burcucumber* Prickly sida* Spiny sida Teaweed Solanumamericanum = Black nightshade* S. nigrum Annual nightshade Xanthium spp. (not in- Cocklebur* cludingX. spinosum) Common cocklebur Perennials Apocynumcannabinum Hemp dogbane* Dogbane Asclepias syriaca Common milkweed* Milkweed Campsis radicans Trumpetcreeper* Convolvulus arvensis Field bindweed* Bindweed C. sepium Hedge bindweed* Bindweed Cynanchum laeve = Honeyvine milkweed* Ampelamus albidus lpomoea pandurata Bigroot morning glory* Wild sweet potato Physalis heterophylla Groundcherry P. subglabrata Groundcherry Polygonum coccineum Swamp smartweed* Tanweed Other common names used in Missouri Peach-leaved persicary Heartweed Black-heart Peach-wort Wild cucumber Nimble Kate Prickly mallow--Thistle mallow Common names not reported from Missouri but encountered elsewhere Spotted smartweed Lover's-pride Star cucumber False mallow Indian mallow American black nightshade Nightshade Stubbleberry Hound's-berry Deadly nightshade Poison berry Bur Buttonbur Sheepbur Ditchbur Indian hemp Hemp Bitterroot Milkweed Cotton weed Trumpet vine Cow-itch Devil's shoelaces Small bindweed Morning glory Small morning glory Creeping Jenny Cowbind Hedge-bells Bracted bindweed Wild morning glory Climbing milkweed Honeyvine Angle-pod Milkweed Wild potato vine Man-of-the-earth Clammy groundcherry* Husk tomato Smooth groundcherry* Chinese lantern Lantern weed Husk tomato Smartweed Water smartweed Devil's shoestring Clotbur Wild cotton Amy-root Choctaw-root American hemp Wild cotton Silkweed Virginia silk Hellvine Shoestrings Cow-vine Small-flowered morning glory Green-vine Com-lily Lap-love Devil's-vine Lily-vine Rutland-beauty Hedge-lily Enslen' s-vine Sand-vine Blue-vine Bladdercherry Shoestring Shoestring tanweed 4850 General plant group Growth habit Scientific name Broad-leaved plants Perennials Common names usually appearing on herbicide labels Rumex altissimus Dock R. crispus Curly dock* Solanum carolinense Horsenettle* Other common names used in Missouri Pale dock* Tall dock Curled dock Sour dock Dock Bullnettle Carolina horsenettle Sandbrier Stickerweed Common names not reported from Missouri but encountered elsewhere Smooth dock Narrow dock Yellow dock Wild tomato -Tread-softly Apple-of-Sodom *Common names, which appear in the list of standardized names of weeds, are published by the Weed Science Society of America to provide consistency in the use of common weed names. ■ Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914 in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture. Leonard C. Douglas, Director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Missouri and Lincoln University, Columbia, Missouri 65211. ■ An equal opportunity institution. 4850 New 8/82/8M 

Common names of weeds in Missouri field crops

https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/10355/77825/1/G04850-1982.pdf

Common names of weeds in Missouri field crops

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