S&SR Environments and Spaces Group: Change in use of green and open space following COVID-19 lockdown ‘stay at home’ phase and initial easing of lockdown

No abstract available

Definition of whole person care in general practice in the English language literature: A systematic review

Objectives: The importance of ‘whole person’ or ‘holistic’ care is widely recognised, particularly with an increasing prevalence of chronic multimorbidity internationally. This approach to care is a defining feature of general practice. However, its precise meaning remains ambiguous. We aimed to determine how the term ‘whole person’ care is understood by general practitioners (GPs), and whether it is synonymous with ‘[w]holistic’ and ‘biopsychosocial’ care. Design: Systematic literature review. Methods: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, Science. gov (Health and Medicine database), Google Scholar and included studies’ reference lists were searched with an unlimited date range. Systematic or literature reviews, original research, theoretical articles or books/book chapters; specific to general practice; relevant to the research question; and published in English were included. Included literature was critically appraised, and data were extracted and analysed using thematic synthesis. Results: Fifty publications were included from 4297 non-duplicate records retrieved. Six themes were identified: a multidimensional, integrated approach; the importance of the therapeutic relationship; acknowledging doctors’ humanity; recognising patients’ individual personhood; viewing health as more than absence of disease; and employing a range of treatment modalities. Whole person, biopsychosocial and holistic terminology were often used interchangeably, but were not synonymous. Conclusions: Whole person, holistic and biopsychosocial terminology are primarily characterised by a multidimensional approach to care and incorporate additional elements described above. Whole person care probably represents the closest representation of the basis for general practice. Health systems aiming to provide whole person care need to address the challenge of integrating the care of other health professionals, and maintaining the patient–doctor relationship central to the themes identified. Further research is required to clarify the representativeness of the findings, and the relative importance GPs’ assign to each theme. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017058824

Experiences of European Engineering Students and Academics in the UK: Findings of an Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study

In the UK Higher Education, 20% of all academic engineering staff and 12% of engineering students are European nationals. There has been much discussion about the impact of the UK’s departure from the European Union in current and future relationships. However, prior to this study, no data on the impact of Brexit on engineering education and research, from the perspective of European students and academics, had been collected. This study explores the impact of Brexit on European engineering students and academics experiences in UK Higher Education Institutions – their motivations to study and work in the UK, mobility, funding, and career prospects. The study adopted an exploratory mixed methods design. It began with a primary qualitative phase, where a diverse sample of 9 European engineering students and 15 academics were interviewed to explore their experiences following the Brexit decision. The key issues identified in this phase, via inductive and thematic analysis, were then explored in the following quantitative phase of the study, with a larger sample of European nationals – 89 engineering students and 104 academics – in an online survey. The UK’s engineering education is still attractive to a majority of European students and academics. However, changes in financial support for students, restrictions on freedom of movement and access to research funding are key decision factors when considering staying or leaving the UK. The findings of the study are also relevant for understanding the impacts on engineering research collaborations between the UK and higher education institutions in Europe

Translating regenerative medicine science into clinical practice: the local to global pivot

Research into cell and gene therapies is globally dispersed, which creates scientific opportunities, but in turn, significant commercial challenges. In order to successfully bring promising scientific endeavors through to commercial opportunity, greater cross-border coordination of supply side activity considerations such as academic institutions, funding gaps, intellectual property, and commercial entities as well as demand-side issues of reimbursement, regulatory policy, stakeholder engagement and patient engagement should be advocated for

Prospectus, April 2, 1986

https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1986/1009/thumbnail.jp

Assessing the Accuracy of Pathfinding Algorithms for Scottish Children's Home-to-School Commutes: A Comparison with GPS Trajectories

Walking to and from school has significant implications for children's physical and mental well-being. This study aims to investigate the accuracy of routing engines (Google Maps, Mapbox, and OSRM) in replicating GPS trajectories and explore potential associations with gender and socioeconomic status. The study analysed GPS data from 227 children aged 10-11 years old in Scotland. The results indicated that OSRM exhibited the highest accuracy with a mean GPS track overlap of 56%. However, no substantial differences were found between the routing engines. Additionally, the accuracy of the engines did not vary based on gender or socioeconomic status. These findings provide reassurance that potential biases do not arise when using these navigation tools, as their accuracy remains consistent across different demographic groups

Social integration as a determinant of inequalities in green space usage: insights from a theoretical agent-based model

Visiting urban green spaces (UGS) benefits physical and mental health. However, socio-economic and geographical inequalities in visits persist and their causes are under-explored. Perceptions of, and attitudes to, other UGS users have been theorised as a determinant of visiting. In the absence of data on these factors, we created a spatial agent-based model (ABM) of four cities in Scotland to investigate intra- and inter-city inequalities in UGS visiting. The ABM focused on the plausibility of a ‘social integration hypothesis' whereby the primary factor in decisions to visit UGS is an assessment of who else is likely to be using the space. The model identified the conditions under which this mechanism was sufficient to reproduce the observed inequalities. The addition of environmental factors, such as neighbourhood walkability and green space quality, increased the ability of the model to reproduce observed phenomena. The model identified the potential for unanticipated adverse effects on both overall visit numbers and inequalities of interventions targeting those in lower socio-economic groups

The challenges of writing an effective literature review for students and new researchers of business

The literature review is a key part of a dissertation or journal paper, yet it is also one of the areas that is often the most challenging. The multidisciplinary nature of business and management studies adds to the demands of writing a critical review by deciding which theories, subject areas and texts to interrogate. There are a number of approaches that students and academics might take in writing a literature review that require a differing approach, resources and timeframe. The purpose of this conference paper is to review the literature and develop an understanding of the complexities and challenges faced both by students and new researchers in preparing journal papers. We share our experience as faculty with teaching and writing at undergraduate and postgraduate level, and identify a number of the problems typically faced. Recent trends with regard to the proliferation of open access journals are outlined, and a journal Editor addresses common mistakes that lead to poor submissions and reviews. A popular business school text is amongst those views considered. Specialist types of software for analysis associated with the complexities of Systematic literature reviews are also outlined. We close with guidelines for success and conclusions. More research is encouraged as students now have fewer opportunities to develop the skills required for critical writing