La postproducción de audio en cine de animación : breve estudio de la película Wall-E

En este trabajo abarcaremos los procesos que se desarrollan en la postproducción de audio para cine animado. Hablaremos brevemente sobre los orígenes del cine de animación, algunos de los personajes y obras que más influyeron y de varios cambios que ha habido tecnológicamente a lo largo de la historia dentro de la industria. Mencionaremos concisamente los antecedentes de la postproducción de audio. Utilizaremos el cine animado para explicar las fases que existen dentro de la postproducción de audio, desde el principio de un proyecto hasta el final, así como los efectos de sonidos, el diseño sonoro, los procesos de mezcla o las herramientas que se utilizan. Indagaremos también sobre la película animada Wall-E, producida por Walt Disney Pictures y Pixar Animation Studios en 2008, así como el diseño sonoro y su trascendencia. Planteamos que Wall-E es un buen ejemplo de la postproducción de audio ya que tiene un papel importante en la película y su diseño sonoro es muy particular, por lo que llegará a ser interesante analizarlo.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Comunicación Audiovisual, Publicidad y Literatur

Plasmonic gold nanodiscs using piezoelectric substrate birefringence for liquid sensing

This article presents the simulation, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) sensor integrated with an acoustic sensing compatible substrate. The SPR sensor is designed to work in the visible region with gold nanodisc arrays fabricated on LiNbO3, which is both piezoelectric and birefringent. A linear relationship between resonance wavelength and varying liquid refractive indices were observed in experiments, and a sensitivity of 165 nm/refractive index unit was obtained. Polarization effects of the birefringent property of the Y-cut LiNbO3 substrate have been investigated, which can also be applied to X-cut LiNbO3. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of an SPR sensor device utilizing a birefringent substrate, which has acoustic wave compatibility and can pave the way toward much more robust and flexible biosensing device

CMOS compatible metamaterial absorbers for hyperspectral medium wave infrared imaging and sensing applications

We experimentally demonstrate a CMOS compatible medium wave infrared metal-insulator-metal (MIM) metamaterial absorber structure where for a single dielectric spacer thickness at least 93% absorption is attained for 10 separate bands centred at 3.08, 3.30, 3.53, 3.78, 4.14, 4.40, 4.72, 4.94, 5.33, 5.60 μm. Previous hyperspectral MIM metamaterial absorber designs required that the thickness of the dielectric spacer layer be adjusted in order to attain selective unity absorption across the band of interest thereby increasing complexity and cost. We show that the absorption characteristics of the hyperspectral metamaterial structures are polarization insensitive and invariant for oblique incident angles up to 25° making them suitable for practical implementation in an imaging system. Finally, we also reveal that under TM illumination and at certain oblique incident angles there is an extremely narrowband Fano resonance (Q < 50) between the MIM absorber mode and the surface plasmon polariton mode that could have applications in hazardous/toxic gas identification and biosensing

Octave-spanning broadband absorption of terahertz light using metasurface fractal-cross absorbers

Synthetic fractals inherently carry spatially encoded frequency information that renders them as an ideal candidate for broadband optical structures. Nowhere is this more true than in the terahertz (THz) band where there is a lack of naturally occurring materials with valuable optical properties. One example are perfect absorbers that are a direct step toward the development of highly sought after detectors and sensing devices. Metasurface absorbers that can be used to substitute for natural materials suffer from poor broadband performance, while those with high absorption and broadband capability typically involve complex fabrication and design and are multilayered. Here, we demonstrate a polarization-insensitive ultrathin (∼λ/6) planar metasurface THz absorber composed of supercells of fractal crosses capable of spanning one optical octave in bandwidth, while still being highly efficient. A sufficiently thick polyimide interlayer produces a unique absorption mechanism based on Salisbury screen and antireflection responses, which lends to the broadband operation. Experimental peak absorption exceeds 93%, while the average absorption is 83% from 2.82 THz to 5.15 THz. This new ultrathin device architecture, achieving an absorption-bandwidth of one optical octave, demonstrates a major advance toward a synthetic metasurface blackbody absorber in the THz ban

The development of metasurfaces for manipulating electromagnetic waves

The work outlined in this thesis focuses on the development and fabrication of metasurfaces for manipulating electromagnetic waves, with the potential for applications in imaging and holography. Metasurfaces are the Two-Dimensional counterpart of metamaterials, which are artificial materials used to invoke electromagnetic phenomena, not readily found in nature, through the use of periodic arrays of subwavelength ‘meta-atoms’. Although they are a new and developing field, they have already secured a foothold as a meaningful and worthwhile focus of research, due to their straight-forward means of investigating fundamental physics, both theoretically and experimentally - owing to the simplicity of fabrication - whilst also being of great benefit to the realisation of novel optical technologies for real-world purposes. The main objective for the complete manipulation of light is being able to control, preferably simultaneously, the polarisation state, the amplitude, and the phase of electromagnetic waves. The work carried out in this thesis aims to satisfy these criteria, with a primary focus on the use of Geometric phase, or Pancharatnam-Berry phase. The first-principles designs are then used to realise proof-of-concept devices, capable of Circular Conversion Dichroism; broadband simultaneous control of phase and amplitude; and a high-efficiency, broadband, high-resolution hologram in the visible-to-infrared

Ultracompact high-efficiency polarising beam splitter based on silicon nanobrick arrays

Since the transmission of anisotropic nano-structures is sensitive to the polarisation of an incident beam, a novel polarising beam splitter (PBS) based on silicon nanobrick arrays is proposed. With careful design of such structures, an incident beam with polarisation direction aligned with the long axis of the nanobrick is almost totally reflected (~98.5%), whilst that along the short axis is nearly totally transmitted (~94.3%). More importantly, by simply changing the width of the nanobrick we can shift the peak response wavelength from 1460 nm to 1625 nm, covering S, C and L bands of the fiber telecommunications windows. The silicon nanobrick-based PBS can find applications in many fields which require ultracompactness, high efficiency, and compatibility with semiconductor industry technologies

Damage Localization for Structural Health Monitoring Using Retrospective Cost Model Refinement

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83574/1/AIAA-2010-2628-530.pd

Fractal Metasurface Absorbers with Octave-Spanning Bandwidth

Synthetic fractals offer a degree of freedom for varying resonance frequency, and are an ideal candidate for broadband absorbing devices – especially in the terahertz (THz) band where there is a lack of naturally absorbing materials. Metasurface absorbers often suffer from poor broadband performance, whilst strongly-absorbing broadband devices are typically complex multilayer structures [1,2]. Here, we overcome this limitation by developing an ultra-broadband metasurface absorber based on fractal cross resonators [3], capable of experimentally achieving one Optical Octave bandwidth and peak absorption of 93%. We attribute this to a novel absorption mechanism based on both Salisbury screen and anti-reflection responses. Such work is beneficial in realising THz blackbody absorbers, and for bolometric sensing capabilities

Ultra-narrow line width polarization-insensitive filter using a symmetry-breaking selective plasmonic metasurface

Plasmonic metasurfaces provide unprecedented control of the properties of light. By designing symmetry-breaking nanoholes in a metal sheet and engineering the optical properties of the metal using geometry, highly selective transmission and polarisation control of light is obtained. To date such plasmonic filters have exhibited broad (> 200 nm) transmission linewidths in the NIR and as such are unsuitable for applications requiring narrow passbands, e.g. multi-spectral imaging. Here we present a novel sub-wavelength elliptical and circular nanohole array in a metallic film that simultaneously exhibits high transmission efficiency, polarisation insensitivity and narrow linewidth. The experimentally obtained linewidth is 79 nm with a transmission efficiency of 44%. By examining the electric and magnetic field distributions for various incident polarisations at the transmission peak we show that the narrowband characteristics are due to a Fano resonance. Good agreement is obtained between the experimental data, simulations and analytical calculations. Our design can be modified to operate in other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and these filters may be integrated with suitable detectors such as photodiodes and single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays