A Definition of “Regular Meals” Driven by Dietary Quality Supports a Pragmatic Schedule

Public health guidelines advise eating regular meals without defining “regular.” This study constructed a meaning for “regular” meals congruent with dietary quality. Parents of 4th grade youth in a school-based intervention (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02491294) completed three, ASA24 online 24-h dietary recalls. Differences in time of intake across days for breakfasts, lunches, dinners were categorized with consistency denoted as always, often/sometimes or rarely/never and assigned values of 3, 2 or 1, respectively. Meal-specific values were summed to form mealtime regularity scores (mReg) ranging from 3 (low) to 9. Healthy eating index (HEI) scores were compared to mReg controlling for weekday/weekend recall pattern. Linear regression predicted HEI scores from mReg. Parents (n = 142) were non-Hispanic white (92%), female (88%) and educated (73%). One mReg version, mReg1 was significantly associated with total HEI, total fruit, whole fruit, tended to correlate with total protein, seafood/plant protein subcomponents. mReg1 predicted total HEI (p = 0.001) and was inversely related to BMI (p = 0.04). A score of three (always) was awarded to breakfasts, lunches or dinners with day-to-day differences of 0–60 min; also, lunches/dinners with one interval of 60–120 min when two meals were ≤60 min apart. More rigid mReg versions were not associated with dietary quality

Osteogenic sarcoma: Report of one hundred and fifty-seven cases

This study presents the clinical features, roentgenographic manifestations, pathological features, abnormal laboratory studies, treatment and prognosis of 157 cases of osteogenic sarcoma. The series is the fifth largest ever reported. The authors favor prompt surgical ablation followed by controlled intensive chemotherapy as a prophylactic or combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy for metastatic osteogenic sarcoma. All case reports but one present rare or unusual situations

Chondrosarcoma: A Report of 65 Cases

A statistical analysis is presented of 65 cases of chondrosarcoma treated at Henry Ford Hospital from 1916 to 1976, with adequate follow-up data

Soil mechanical properties at the Apollo 14 site

The Apollo 14 lunar landing provided a greater amount of information on the mechanical properties of the lunar soil than previous missions because of the greater area around the landing site that was explored and because a simple penetrometer device, a special soil mechanics trench, and the modularized equipment transporter (Met) provided data of a type not previously available. The characteristics of the soil at shallow depths varied more than anticipated in both lateral and vertical directions. While blowing dust caused less visibility impairment during landing than on previous missions, analysis shows that eroded particles were distributed over a large area around the final touchdown point. Measurements on core-tube samples and the results of transporter track analyses indicate that the average density of the soil in the Fra Mauro region is in the range of 1.45 to 1.60 g/cm^3. The soil strength appears to be higher in the vicinity of the site of the Apollo 14 lunar surface experiments package, and trench data suggest that strength increases with depth. Lower-bound estimates of soil cohesion give values of 0.03 to 0.10 kN/m^2, which are lower than values of 0.35 to 0.70 kN/m^2 estimated for soils encountered in previous missions. The in situ modulus of elasticity, deduced from the measured seismic-wave velocity, is compatible with that to be expected for a terrestrial silty fine sand in the lunar gravitational field

Salivary melatonin onset in youth at familial risk for bipolar disorder

Melatonin secretion and polysomnography (PSG) were compared among a group of healthy adolescents who were at high familial risk for bipolar disorder (HR) and a second group at low familial risk (LR). Adolescent participants (n = 12) were a mean age 14 ± 2.3 years and included 8 females and 4 males. Saliva samples were collected under standardized condition light (red light) and following a 200 lux light exposure over two consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory. Red Light Melatonin onset (RLMO) was defined as saliva melatonin level exceeding the mean of the first 3 readings plus 2 standard deviations. Polysomnography was also completed during each night. HR youth, relative to LR, experienced a significantly earlier melatonin onset following 200 lux light exposure. Polysomnography revealed that LR youth, relative to HR, spent significantly more time in combined stages 3 and 4 (deep sleep) following red light exposure. Additionally, regardless of the group status (HR or LR), there was no significant difference in Red Light Melatonin Onset recorded at home or in the laboratory, implying its feasibility and reliability

An Animal Cell Mutant With a Deficiency in Acyl/Alkyl-Dihydroxyacetone- Phosphate Reductase Activity. Effects on the Biosynthesis of Ether-Linked and Diacyl Glycerolipids

In the accompanying paper (James, P. F., and Zoeller, R. A. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 23532-23539), we reported the isolation of a series of mutants from the fibroblast-like cell line, CHO-K1, that are deficient in the incorporation of the long chain fatty alcohol, hexadecanol, into complex lipids. All but one of these mutants, FAA.K1B, were deficient in long-chain- fatty alcohol oxidase (FAO) activity. We have further characterized this FAO+ isolate. FAA.K1B cells displayed a 40% decrease in [9,103H]hexadecanol uptake when compared with the parent strain. Although incorporation of hexadecanol into the phospholipid fraction was decreased by 52%, the cells accumulated label in alkylglycerol (20-fold over wild type). The increase in 1-alkylglycerol labeling corresponded to a 4-fold increase in alkylglycerol mass. Short term labeling with 32P1 showed a 45-50% decrease in overall phospholipid biosynthesis in FAA.K1B. Both diacyl- and ether-linked species were affected, suggesting a general defect in phospholipid biosynthesis. Mutant cells were able to partially compensate for the decreased biosynthesis by decreasing the turnover of the phospholipid pools. The primary lesion in FAA.K1B was identified as a 95% reduction in acyl/alkyl-dihydroxyacetone- phospbate reductase activity. Whole cell homogenates from FAA.K1B were unable to reduce either acyl-dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) or alkyl-DHAP, supporting the notion that the reduction of these two compounds is catalyzed by a single enzyme. These data suggest that the biosynthesis of diacyl phospholipids, in Chinese hamster ovary cells, begins with the acylation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate as well as glycero-3-phosphate and that the \u27DHAP pathway\u27 contributes significantly to diacyl glycerolipid biosynthesis. Also, the severe reduction in acyl/alkyl-DHAP reductase activity in FAA.K1B resulted in only a moderate decrease in ether lipid biosynthesis. These latter data together with the observed increase in alkylglycerol levels sup port the existence of a shunt pathway that is able to partially bypass the enzymatic lesion

Testing a Mahalanobis Distance Model of Black Bear Habitat Use in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma

Regional wildlife–habitat models are commonly developed but rarely tested with truly independent data. We tested a published habitat model for black bears (Ursus americanus) with new data collected in a different site in the same ecological region (i.e., Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma, USA). We used a Mahalanobis distance model developed from relocations of black bears in Arkansas to produce a map layer of Mahalanobis distances on a study area in neighboring Oklahoma. We tested this modeled map layer with relocations of black bears on the Oklahoma area. The distributions of relocations of female black bears were consistent with model predictions. We conclude that this modeling approach can be used to predict regional suitability for a species of interest

CK-2 of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has two differentially regulated alleles that encode a functional chemokine

The final publication is available at Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.02.003. © 2018. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Rainbow trout chemokine 2 (CK-2) is currently the only known CC chemokine to have a mucin stalk. Further analysis of the mucin stalk region revealed a second, related CC chemokine sequence, denoted here as CK-2.1. This second sequence was determined to be an allele of CK-2 following genomic PCR analysis on several outbred individuals. Furthermore, in both in vivo and in vitro trials, CK-2 and CK-2.1 were both present, but appeared to have differential tissue expression in both control and PHA stimulated samples. Upon the development of a polyclonal antibody to rCK-2, CK-2 was only observed in the brain, liver and head kidney of PHA stimulated rainbow trout tissues. In comparison, when using the rainbow trout monocyte/macrophage-like cell line, RTS-11, CK-2 protein was observed in both control and PHA stimulated conditions. When studying the function of CK-2, a chemotaxis assay revealed that both peripheral blood leukocytes and RTS-11 cells migrated towards rCK-2 significantly at all concentrations studied when compared to truncated β2m. Interestingly, this migration was lowest at both the highest concentration and the lowest concentrations of CK-2. Thus, teleostean chemokine receptors may become desensitized when overstimulated as has been observed in mammalian models. The observed chemotactic function was indeed due to rCK-2 as cell migration was inhibited through pre-treatment of both the cells and the polyclonal antibody with rCK-2. As has been observed thus far with all other chemokines, CK-2 does appear to function through binding to a G-coupled protein receptor as chemotaxis could be inhibited through pre-treatment with pertussis toxin. Overall, the results of this study indicate that CK-2 is a functional chemokine that is encoded by two differentially expressed alleles in rainbow trout, CK-2 and CK-2.1.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council || 21752