The Effect of the Gravitation of the Moon on Frequency of Births

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the gravitation of the Moon on the frequency of births in Kyoto, Japan. A retrospective cohort analysis of 1007 consecutive births without the use of the induction agents was conducted on a population of births in a private midwife hospital from January, 1966 to December, 2000. There was a significant increase in the cases of births, when the gravitation of the Moon to the Earth was less than 31.5 N. Results of this study suggest that the gravitation of the Moon has an influence on the frequency of births

New modified laparoscopic Davydov’s method using the rudimentary uterus

Among surgical procedures of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, the laparoscopic Davydov's technique seems to offer the most feasible and effective approach for creating a neovagina. Several reports have pointed at the necessity for mobilization of the peritoneum to obtain a longer neovagina and have reported a modified laparoscopic Davydov’s method. A new method was performed for a 24- and an 18-year-old patient. The most significant method in present procedure was to leave the thickened tissue that connects both rudimentary uteruses. The advantages of present procedure are physiological, creating a longer neovagina. Furthermore, this approach may help prevent prolapse of pelvic organs by leaving the thickened tissue as a ceiling

ジョン ドス パソスノショキセンソウショウセツトオトコラシサノモンダイ

John Dos Passos(1896-1970)の初期戦争小説、One Man\u27s Initiationー1917(1920) と、Three Soldiers(1921)は作家の第一次世界大戦の実体験をもとにしている。前者は戦争の暴虐を主人公の視点に寄り添って主観的に描き後者は軍隊における個人の抑圧を複数の視点から表現し、主人公達の敗北的生き様には「男らしさ」が欠如しているという批判を浴びた。しかし、Dos Passosは「男らしさ」の問題について決して無関心ではなかった。彼は複雑な家庭環境から、精力的な父親にある種の畏怖の念をいだきつつ、自らの男性性に不安をおぼえていたと考えられる。折しも第一世界大戦は旧来の価値観に暴力的な終焉をもをたらし、「男らしさ」の理想は再編成を迫られていた。そしてDos Passosは作家を志すとともに、亡き父の期待に応えんとして誇り高き男になることを目指した。この二重の野心において、彼は20世紀のモダンな男性小説家というものを再定義せざるを得なかったのである。Dos Passosは、小説家という生業は一人前の男が誇るに足る立派な仕事であると主張した。彼が目指したのは、科学者のそれに匹敵する客観的観察力と表現力を備えた「歴史の建築家」としての小説家であった。そしてその精力的な仕事において、理想的な芸術作品は、対象への関与と超然の弁証法的統合から産まれると彼は述べている。InitiationとSlodiersにおける芸術家主人公達には、Dos Passos が目指す理想の創作の可能性が読みとれる。好奇心に突き動かされるInitiation の Martin Howe は、Soldiers において、自由を希求する活動の重要さに覚醒しつつも身を投じ得ぬ John Andrews へとつながる。彼らの野心は未然に終わるが、そうした関与と超然の狭間にこそ、成年男子の証となるべき優れた作品は産まれ得るのである。客観的視点と表現の達成を見るには、より成熟した後の作品群を待たねばならないが、Dos Passos の初期戦争小説には、新しい時代の小説家としての独自の「男らしさ」への模索がつづられている。

Formation of unipolar outflow and protostellar rocket effect\textit{protostellar rocket effect} in magnetized turbulent molecular cloud cores

Observed protostellar outflows exhibit a variety of asymmetrical features, including remarkable unipolar outflows and bending outflows. Revealing the formation and early evolution of such asymmetrical protostellar outflows, especially the unipolar outflows, is essential for a better understanding of the star and planet formation because they can dramatically change the mass accretion and angular momentum transport to the protostars and protoplanetary disks. Here, we perform the three-dimensional non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics simulations to investigate the formation and early evolution of the asymmetrical protostellar outflows in magnetized turbulent isolated molecular cloud cores. We find, for the first time to our knowledge, that the unipolar outflow forms even in the single low-mass protostellar system. The results show that the unipolar outflow is driven in the weakly magnetized cloud cores with the dimensionless mass-to-flux ratios of $\mu=8$ and $16$. Furthermore, we find the $\textit{protostellar rocket effect}$ of the unipolar outflow, which is similar to the launch and propulsion of a rocket. The unipolar outflow ejects the protostellar system from the central dense region to the outer region of the parent cloud core, and the ram pressure caused by its ejection suppresses the driving of additional new outflows. In contrast, the bending bipolar outflow is driven in the moderately magnetized cloud core with $\mu=4$. The ratio of the magnetic to turbulent energies of a parent cloud core may play a key role in the formation of asymmetrical protostellar outflows.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

ジョン・ドス・パソスの『マンハッタン乗換駅』における二つの歴史軸

John Dos Passos represents New York of the early 20th century in his first major novel Manhattan Transfer (1925) . In the novel, he desplays innovative narrative techniques, where newspaper headings, phrases from songs and rhymes, and fragmentary sketches of lives of numerous city dwellers are collaged. At the same time, silent monologues and stream of consciousness techique are merged with external portrayals of people. Then, he integrates. two ideas of history in the novel, i.e., the diachronic and synchronic. With the sense of deachronic history, he gives the picture of New York as the modern metropolis, where expansion and progress operate as the landmark; and he adds the elements of synchronic history to his account of the city through numerous references to mythic texts such as the Bible, nursety rhymes, and the Declaration of Independence. Consequently, the tension between the deachronic and synchronic history becomes a creative vehicle to produce a contemporary yet perennial vision of the urban city. This paper examines the two aspects of history integrated in this novel and proves how they function to produce a vital portrait of New York. First, the diachronic dimension of the novel is investigated along with the motif of newspaper, which is the media most relevant and usefull to convey the development of linear history. Next, the synchronic aspects of the novel are analyzed, as the references to the Tower of Babel, the Deluge, Lady Godive, and American myths are explicated. Finally, as the tension between the two historical ideas functions as a source of creation for Dos Passos, the same principle is applied to examine the case of Jimmy Herf, to imply how the would-be artist in the novel mighty prepare himself of creativity. The integration of the diachronic and synchronic history is indicated as a valid method to grapple with the vast phenomena of the modern world

マーガレット アトウッド ノ ジジョ ノ モノガタリ ニ オケル ブンガクテキ シンビセイ

Margaret Atwood\u27s The Handmaid\u27s Tale drew great public attention since its publication in 1985. Its literary aesthetics, however, has been undermined by the overt political concerns on problems of women\u27s right, fundamentalist theocracy, environmental crisis, authoritarian academism, etc. For the fair evaluation of the novel, we should reexamine its literary merits over its political messages. The novel consists of the two parts: "The Handmaid\u27s Tale" and the epilogue entitled "Historical Note." The former main narrative is told by Offred, a "Handmaid" in the 21^ century fictive Giledean Republic. Offred\u27s story carries literary aesthetics, which appeal to postmodern readers today. Her stories are painfully fragmented just as her body is violently mutilated by the strict regime. Offred, then, as any other literary-minded person, is highly selfconscious of her act of story-telling. She self-reflectively refers to how she is dealing with her stories for survival. Deprived of freedom to read and write, Offred is vigilant on the power of words including one\u27s own name. Then, almost obsessed with the word, she insists on the act of reconstruction. What she produces is not the truth but always reconstruction. Her openness to plural interpretations manages to represent what has and might have happened in and to herself. The epilogue works as a frame narrative to "The Handmaid\u27s Tale" and reveals how Prof. Pieixoto and his co-researcher compiled the random cassette tapes into the "The Handmaid\u27s Tale." He only values it as a historical resource for his study. Consequently, Offred\u27s accounts of her troubled existence are totally lost for him. Then, it seems that Atwood has deliberately characterized Pieixoto to indicate how readers should not approach Offred\u27s Tale. Moreover, if we should curtail this novel as merely, for example, a feminist-dystopian novel, we must leave out the essence of the literary aesthetics of the novel. In order to avoid such misreading, we should be careful to pay our attention to the literary merits of the novel in its act of story-telling and not to yield to the political messages it carries. Though the political feature of the novel need not be at all denied, the literary aesthetics of the novel should be properly estimated for the fair evaluation of the novel