The Relationship Between Histopathological Grading and Metastasis in Colorectal Carcinoma Patients

Introduction: To Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignancy in the large intestine caused by uncontrolled cell growth. The cause of death due to metastasis and the prognosis is determined by the stage that can be assessed using Dukes classification or TNM (Tumor Nodes Metastasis) staging system. Determination of histopathological grading is important because of the differences in radiosensitivity, local behaviour and the metastasis tendency. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between histopathological grading and metastasis in colorectal cancer patients. Methods:  This study is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the medical records of CRC patients at the RS. Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo and its networking hospital, that were obtained by consecutive sampling. Inclusion criteria are all patients who had surgery and have the results of histopathology, radiology and other datas that may be used as a reference for determining the staging based on the Dukes classification and TNM staging system Results: The number of CRC patients during January 2008 to April 2012 was 268 patients, 55,6% of them were males and mostly their age were around 51-60 years old (25,4%). Most of the CRC location was in the rectum (61,2%) and the highest number of metastasis location was in lymph nodes (40,4%).  Out of 179 patients who had result of histopathological examination, adenocarcinoma type (100%) and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (45,3%) were the most frequently histopathological grading found. Most of the CRC stage based on the TNM staging system was stage IV (27,4%) and based on the Dukes classification was stage D (26,8%).   There is a significant relationship (p<0,001) between histopathological grading and metastasis, and it showed that poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was more frequent in advanced stage, based on both the Dukes classification and TNM staging system. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between histophological grading and metastasis. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma is more likely to be found in advanced stage of CRC

Clinical Characteristics for Predicting Recurrency in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

Giant Cell Tumor of Bone is classified as benign tumor with unpredictable biological behaviour. Recurrency and metastasis of GCTB could be found in this benign tumor. Many studies reported risk factor for recurrency of GCTB. This study is aimed to determine clinical factors for predict the recurrency in the giant cell tumour of the bone (GCTB). We collected clinical data of GCTB, included age, gender, location of tumor, radiographic, histopathological examination, then we classified GCTB samples into 3 groups, primary, recurrent, and metastatic based on the clinical and histopathological examination. From 52 samples, there were 34 samples of primary GCTB, 7 samples of recurrent GCTB or 13,5%, and 11 samples of GCTB metastatic or 21,1% from all samples GCTB. The incidens of recurrency was higher when the tumor destructed the cortex (Campanacci Grade 3), the location was in manus, and the intervention was curretage. There was a statistical significant difference recurrency between tumor location in manus and other locations (p<0,05). Also, there was siginificant difference recurrency between wide excision and curretage (p<0,05). We concluded that the clinical characteristics that could be predictors for recurrency are tumor location and method of surgery

The Significance of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in Histopathological Grading of Invasive Breast Carcinomas

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide with high incidence rate. Invasive breast carcinoma is the most common form of breast cancer. Prognosis and survival rate of the patient is related with histopathological grading of the invasive breast carcinoma. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been reported to be associated with patient clinical outcomes in a number of different malignant tumors. We studied the expression of TILs in invasive breast carcinoma using Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining. We studied the expression of are tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in paraffin block of tissue biopsy from breast tumor specimens. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of TILs in tumor breast tissue from 80 samples. Univariate and bivariate analyses assessed outcomes according to the expression of TILs in different histopathological grading. Of the 80 tumor specimens, 36 (45 %) of samples have high grade of TILs and 44 (55 %). On bivariate analysis, there were significant differences in the expression of TILs lymphocytes between well, moderately and poorly differentiated invasive breast carcinoma, respectively (p< 0.0001). As a conclusion; we found that the severity of invasive breast carcinoma differentiation is directly related to the degree of TILs expression

Program Death Ligan-1 (PD-L1) Expression in Invasif Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type

Breast carcinoma is the most frequently cancer in women (24%) and the main cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Based on data from globocan 2018 shows the incidence of breast cancer is around 2.08 million (11.6%) which is the second rank of all cancers after lung cancer with a mortality rate of 626.6 thousand (6.6%). However, prognosis of the breast carcinoma is influenced by several factors, including tumor histology grade and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs). PD-L1 expression has been investigated as a potential biomarker and immune checkpoint to assess the response of various types of cancer. This study aims to determine PD-L1 expression in Invasive Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type (IBC-NST) grades 1,2 and 3. This study used a sample of 80 cases of paraffin block for IBC-NST patients from 2017 to 2020. There were 17 samples (21.3%) with grade 1, 32 samples (40%) with grade 2, and 31 samples (38.8%) with grade 3. The number of samples with positive PD-L1 expression were 63 samples, and 17 samples of negative PDL-1 expression were obtained. In the PD-L1 negative group, from a total of 17 samples, 4 samples were grade 1, 10 samples were grade 2, and 3 samples were grade 3. In the PD-L1 positive group, from a total of 63 samples, 13 samples with grade 1, 22 with grade 2, and 28 samples with grade 3. Based on the Chi-square test, p value = 0.115 (p > 0.05). The proportion of PD-L1 expression was higher at higher grades. There was no significant difference in PD-L1 expression in IBC-NST grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3

Ekspresi Phosphatase Regenerating Liver-3 dan E-Cadherin pada Kanker Serviks Stadium Awal dan Lanjut Lokoregional

Tujuan: untuk menyelidiki hubungan antara ekspresi PRL-3 dan E-Cadherin dengan stadium, jenis histopatologi, dan derajat diferensiasi kanker serviks. Metode: penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang di beberapa rumah sakit pendidikan Bagian Obstetri dan Ginekologi, Makassar, mulai Januari hingga Juni 2011. Ekspresi PRL-3 dan E-Cadherin diperiksa dengan pengecatan imunohistokimia pada 16 kanker serviks stadium awal dan 15 stadium lanjut lokoregional. Hasil: ekspresi PRL-3 tidak berbeda bermakna antara kanker serviks stadium awal dengan stadium lanjut lokoregional, antara berbagai jenis histopatologik dan derajat diferensiasi (p>0,05). Ekspresi E-Cadherin juga menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara berbagai stadium, jenis histopatologi, dan derajat diferensiasi (p>0,05). Tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna antara ekspresi PRL-3 dengan E-Cadherin pada penelitian ini. Kesimpulan: tidak ada hubungan antara ekspresi PRL-3 dan E-Cadherin dengan stadium, jenis histopatologi, dan derajat diferensiasi kanker serviks

c-Met overexpression in breast cancer with positive axillary lymph node

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and is the most epidemic cancer in women, with approximately 1.67 million cases. Metastasis of tumor cells to other organs is a major cause of the increasing trend of mortality in breast cancer. This study aims to analyze the expression of c-Met associated with metastasis to axillary lymph nodes in invasive breast cancer.Method: The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology of Hasanuddin University Hospital. Stratified sampling was performed from January 2014 - January 2019. Immunohistochemical staining technique was applied upon 66 collected samples, followed by evaluating the c-Met expression score in invasive breast cancer group with positive and negative lymph node status.Result: c-Met overexpression was found among the invasive breast cancer incidence with lymph node metastasis. Among 50 cases with c-Met overexpression (c-Met positive), 40 cases (80%) of invasive breast cancer with lymph node metastasis were identified, while 10 cases (20%) were found in invasive breast cancer without metastasis to lymph nodes. On 16 cases with negative c-Met, 3 cases (18.8%) were found in invasive breast cancer with lymph node metastasis, and 13 cases (81.3%) in invasive breast cancer without metastasis to the lymph nodes. The statistical test results indicated a significant correlation between c-Met expression scores and metastasis to axillary lymph nodes in invasive breast cancer (p <0.001).Conclusion: As one of biomarkers, c-Met overexpression plays a vital role in the treatment of patients with invasive breast cancer to predict patient outcomes and to determine modalities. It is possible to apply c-Met overexpression to investigate aggressiveness of metastatic tumor cells in the future

Clinicopathological Profile of Colorectal Cancer Patients in Anatomical Pathology Department of Hasanuddin University Makassar

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men, the second in women, and it’s the second for leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with more than 1.2 million new cancer cases and 608,700 deaths. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, explained that globally there were 1.80 million new cases of colorectal cancer diagnosed and 862,000 patients died of colorectal cancer. This study aims to define the epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC with metastasize in Makassar. Retrospective study was performed used cross-sectional design included all patients diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma with metastasize at Anatomical Pathology Laboratory Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University and Makassar Pathology Diagnostic Center, from January 2016 to December 2021. A total of 60 patients were included in this study, 45% were females and 55% were males. Samples with the age category &lt;50 years were 13 samples (21.7%) and the age category &gt; 50 years were 47 samples (78.3%). Based on the location of the tumor, the location of tumor in the right colon were 24 samples (40.0%), in the left colon were 14 samples (23.3%), and in the rectum were 22 (36.7%) samples. The low-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma group were consisted of 31 samples (51.7%) and 29 samples (48.3%) of the high-grade. Samples with positive lymphovascular invasion were 17 samples (51.7%) and 43 samples (71.7%) were negative.The depth of invasion were 28 samples (46.7%) at muscularis externa and 32 samples (53.3%) at serosa.   Colorectal adenocarcinoma is more frequent at the age more than 50 years old and right colon is the most affected sub site. The mean age at diagnosis was 57.2 years with male predominance. Most patients had low grade tumor, no lymphovascular invasion findings at microscopic and the depth of invasion reach the serosa. Lymph nodes is the most common metastatic site

Endoglin Expression (CD105) in Ephithelial Ovarian Cancer

Abstract Objective: Endoglin ( CD105 ) is one of the factors that play a role in vascular development , angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis. The aim of this research is to address the endoglin expression (CD105) in primary tumor and metastasis tumor (omentum) and their relation with clinicopathological factor: stadium, differentiation level, and histological epithelial ovarian cancer. Method: The research was performed at Public Service Hall of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and educational networking hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology Departement of Medical Faculty Hasanuddin University Makassar. The research design is cross sectional with 55 samples consisting of 55 samples of primary tumor and 55 matastasis tumor. Imunohistochemistry examination was performed to all samples. Result:The results show a significant relation between endoglin (CD105) at omentum metastasis tumor and stadium and cell differentiation level of epithelial ovarian cancer. There is no significant relation between endoglin (CD105) expression at primary tumor of ovarian cancer and stadium and differentiation and type of histopathological cell. In addition, there is no significant relation between endoglin expression (CD105) at omentum metastasis tumor and type of histophatological cell of ovarian cancer. There is a significant correlation (strong category) between endoglin expression at omentum metastasis tumor and endoglin expression at primary tumor of epithelial ovarian cancer. Conclusion: Endoglin expression in ovarian cancer metastatic tumor to omentum is correlated to clinical stage and differentiation level of ovarian cancer. And endoglin is one of the pro angiogenic and pro metastasis factors. Keywords:epithelial ovarian cancer, endoglin expression, CD105, immunohistochemistr

Characteristics Based on Molecular Subtypes in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cases

Diffuse B-cell origin large cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma most commonly found in adults. Based on the gene or molecular expression profile, DLBCL can be divided into GCB (Germinal Center B-Cell-Like) and ABC / Non-GCB (Activated B-Cell-Like). However, identification of this grouping is still rarely done in Indonesia, especially Makassar City. This study aims to determine the characteristics of DLBCL cases based on molecular examination. This study used a sample of 44 cases of paraffin block for DLBCL patients from 2017 to 2019, then categorized using the Hans algorithm. Of the 44 cases, the number of GCB was 8 cases (18.2%) and ABC / Non-GCB 36 cases (81.8%). The incidence of female sex was slightly lower (47.7%) than in men (52.3%) with the most frequent location being nodal with 36 cases (81.8%) and extranodal as many as 8 cases (18.2%) . Meanwhile, age was found more frequently in patients with age &lt;60 years (32 cases, 72.7%) than those aged&gt; 60 years (12 cases, 27.3%) with a mean age of 52.57 years. The results showed that the ABC / Non-GCB type DLBCL was more common than the GCB type in patients in Makassar city