Seroprevalencia de agentes virales del Complejo Respiratorio Bovino en razas criollas del Centro de Investigación Turipaná de AGROSAVIA

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence and epidemiological factors associated with viral diseases of the Bovine Respiratory Complex (BRC) in Creole breeds of the Turipaná Research Center - AGROSAVIA (Colombia). A total of 403 cattle of the Romosinuano breed and 445 of Horned Coastal Creole cattle (CCC, Spanish acronym) breeds were evaluated. The presence of antibodies for bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), parainfluenza-3 (PI3) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was determined through the indirect ELISA technique. The prevalences were estimated, and the associations between the viral agents and the variables of sex, age, herd type and breed were evaluated. The Chi-square test was applied with a level of 5% significance and the effect of the association was determined by the Odds Ratio (OR). A logistic regression model was constructed to explain the most prevalent disease. The mean prevalences in both breeds were: BVD (33.02 %), BRSV (18.51 %), IBR (12.85 %) and PI3 (11.20 %); however, individually, the CCC breed had a higher prevalence for all diseases. The regression model showed an association between DVB, IBR and PI3, sex, age, females of more than 1 year of age, and the CCC breed. In order to address the diseases of the BRC, it is recommend actions with an emphasis on the control and prevention of BVD and deeper studies to understand the dynamics and co-endemicity of the BVD, IBR, BRSV and PI3 in the breeds studied.Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal para determinar la prevalencia y factores epidemiológicos asociados con las enfermedades virales del Complejo Respiratorio Bovino (CRB) en razas criollas del Centro de Investigación Turipaná - AGROSAVIA (Colombia). Se evaluaron 403 bovinos de la raza Romosinuano y 445 Costeño con Cuernos (CCC). A través de la técnica de ELISA indirecta se determinó la presencia de anticuerpos para diarrea viral bovina (DVB), rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina (IBR), parainfluenza-3 (PI3) y virus sincitial respiratorio bovino (BRSV). Se obtuvieron las prevalencias y se evaluó la asociación entre los agentes virales y entre estos con las variables sexo, edad, tipo de hato y raza; la prueba de Ji-cuadrada se aplicó con un nivel de significancia del 5% y el efecto de la asociación fue determinado por la razón de probabilidades (OR). se constituyó un modelo de regresión logística para explicar la enfermedad más prevalente. Las prevalencias medias en las dos razas fueron: DVB (33.02 %), BRSV (18.51 %), IBR (12.85 %) y PI3 (11.20 %); sin embargo, individualmente, la raza CCC presentó mayor prevalencia para todas las enfermedades. El modelo de regresión mostró una asociación entre DVB, IBR y PI3, las variables sexo, edad, hembras con más de 1 año de edad y la raza CCC. Para abordar las enfermedades del CRB, se recomiendan acciones con énfasis en el control y prevención de DVB y estudios más profundos para entender la dinámica y co-endemicidad de la DVB, IBR, BRSV y PI3 en las razas estudiadas

Tetanus in captive Cebus capucinus: case report

Incluye referencias bibliográfica

Análisis de indicadores epidemiológicos: Brucelosis bovina en la Costa Atlántica y Antioquia - Colombia, 2005-2013

Objective. Describe the situation of the bovine brucellosis in the Atlantic Coast and Antioquia (CAA) by analysis of epidemiological indicators during 2005-2013. Materials and methods. The data was obtained from epidemiological reports of the Colombian Agricultural Institute and the National Agricultural Census 2014. The annual departmental average of the variables studied was compared and it was performed a temporal analysis through graphical representation. Results. 44% of the positive farms were focused on the CAA; the positivity rate of farms in the CAA (27.9%) was higher and statistically significant when related to the average rate in the country (24.8%) being promoted by the least producing departments. Regarding to the cattle population, the CAA concentrated 47.0% of positive cattle in the country; however, the bovine positivity rate (5.8%) was statistically equal to the national average (5.3%); yet, the departments with lower cattle population had the highest rates. The best surveillance for bovine brucellosis was observed between 2005 and 2009, in contrast, during 2010, 2011 and 2013 there was a considerable reduction in the number of diagnoses, in both farms and cattle. In the least producing departments the temporary distribution of epidemiological indicators favored more the presence of the disease. Conclusions. The National Prevention Control and Eradication Program of Bovine Brucellosis in the CAA presented promising results, however, the lack of continuity in the diagnostic surveillance during some years and mainly in the least producing departments affected negatively their development.Objetivo. Describir la situación de la brucelosis bovina en la Costa Atlántica y Antioquia (CAA) mediante análisis de indicadores epidemiológicos durante el periodo 2005 – 2013. Materiales y métodos. Los datos fueron obtenidos de boletines epidemiológicos del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario y del Censo Nacional Agropecuario 2014. Se comparó la media departamental anual de las variables estudiadas y se realizó un análisis temporal por representación gráfica. Resultados. 44% de los predios positivos se concentraron en la CAA; la tasa de positividad de predios en la CAA (27.9%) fue mayor y altamente significativa en relación a la tasa media del país (24.8%) siendo promovida por los departamentos menos productores. En relación a la población bovina, la CAA concentró 47,0% de los bovinos positivos en el país; no obstante, la tasa de positividad bovina (5.8%) fue estadísticamente igual a la media del país (5.3%), los departamentos con menor población bovina presentaron las mayores tasas. La mejor vigilancia para brucelosis bovina se observó entre 2005 y 2009, contrariamente, durante 2010, 2011 y 2013 hubo reducción considerable en el número de diagnósticos, tanto en predios como en bovinos. En los departamentos menos productores la distribución temporal de los indicadores epidemiológicos favoreció más la presencia de la enfermedad. Conclusiones. El Programa Nacional de Prevención, Control y Erradicación de la Brucelosis Bovina en la CAA presentó resultados promisorios, sin embargo, la falta de continuidad en la vigilancia diagnóstica en algunos años y principalmente en los departamentos menos productores afectó negativamente su avance

Aptitud del suelo de la zona costera del departamento de córdoba (colombia) para la piscicultura

Resumen. Se evaluó la aptitud del suelo de la región costera del departamento de Córdoba (Colombia), para el cultivo de peces. Se tomaron muestras de suelos, a tres profundidades, en 62 sitios; a las cuales se les midió pH, materia orgánica (MO), fósforo (P), textura e hierro (Fe). Mediante un SIG, los resultados de los parámetros estudiados, las coordenadas de los sitios y la cartografía relacionada se incorporaron en la base de datos del software ArcGIS 9.3 y asociados a las herramientas de análisis espacial para realizar interpolación y generación de mapas temáticos de la aptitud del suelo para piscicultura. Los valores promedio de pH (6,67±0,76), MO (0,51±0,34%) y P (19,62±26,99 ppm) se encontraron dentro del rango para cultivo de peces. La alta concentración de Fe (26,34±22,65 ppm) fue considerada la variable más crítica para la aptitud del suelo para la piscicultura, principalmente en las áreas con pH bajo. El mapa de aptitud del suelo, generado con la integración de las variables estudiadas, permitió identificar 123.625 ha como moderadamente aptas (67,4%), 53.909 ha como aptas (29,3%) y solamente 6.093 fueron consideradas no aptas (3,3%). Sin embargo, este resultado debe ser correlacionado con otras variables como topografía, cobertura vegetal, uso del suelo, disponibilidad hídrica, calidad hídrica, capacidad de drenaje, restricciones ambientales y aspectos socioeconómicos de la región

Analise da pecuária bovina brasileira como subsídio para a criação de um índice de desenvolvimento

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-14T14:20:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_an_lise_da_pecu_ria_bovina_brasileira_como_subsidio__para_a_cria__o_de__um__ndice_de_desenvolvimento.pdf: 10926855 bytes, checksum: 30757ff3f53ddb7c3a434585a74294e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 26O Brasil historicamente tem-se caracterizado por ter uma pecuária bovina amplamente influente na sua região; na atualidade ocupa a sexta posição na produção de leite de vaca e a segunda na produção de carne no mundo. Porém, no Brasil, o desenvolvimento da pecuária bovina municipal e a sua distribuição geográfica não são bem conhecidos; poucos trabalhos têm sido elaborados, a maioria deles apenas com abrangência estadual ou regional. Caracterizar o desenvolvimento dos sistemas produtivos, da pecuária bovina nos municípios brasileiros, é fundamental na geração e orientação das políticas públicas que posteriormente direcionarão seu crescimento e sustentabilidade. A geração de indicadores apropriados é una necessidade na caracterização da realidade da pecuária; metas de produção, consumo, impactos sociais, impactos ambientais e riscos de acontecer determinadas doenças podem ser aspectos estimados. Ante a falta destes indicadores, frequentemente, são utilizados como indicadores de desenvolvimento as quantidades absolutas da produção pecuária municipal; dados que são gerados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IBGE. No presente trabalho, um estudo ecológico descritivo e analítico foi realizado, a metodologia aplicada compreendeu: seleção de variáveis do Censo Agropecuário 2006; avaliação do tipo de dado e seu efeito sobre o perfil produtivo; aplicação da técnica análise de componentes principais e geração de índices para as pecuárias de leite e corte; categorização, distribuição geográfica e comparações produtivas entre os respectivos índices. O marco conceitual utilizado na seleção das variáveis foi sustentado na estrutura básica da pecuária bovina, de leite ou de corte; Os dados foram relativizados conforme a integração dos critérios da quantidade e da eficiência produtiva, encontrando-se uma forma de reduzir os problemas de subestimação e superestimação gerados pela alta variação entre o tamanho das áreas municipais. Quatro índices de desenvolvimento foram gerados: pecuária de corte, pecuária de leite, pecuária de leite na agricultura familiar e pecuária de leite na agricultura não familiar. Cada índice foi categorizado, representado na forma de mapas, comparado e analisado. Demostrou-se a desproporcional heterogeneidade da pecuária bovina brasileira. Conglomerados de alto e baixo desenvolvimento foram localizados. O Brasil precisa apropriados indicadores para o melhor direcionamento da pecuária e do setor rural que a sustenta; os quatro índices gerados neste trabalho constituem um primário começo para a representação da realidade da pecuária no Brasil. Espera-se que a metodologia aplicada e seus resultados obtidos podam ser avaliados e confrontados com análises mais detalhados nas diferentes unidades federativas ou nas grandes regiões brasileiras. A qualidade dos índices de desenvolvimento na pecuária depende da qualidade dos dados nos agregados municipais. A identificação de municípios com problemas de subestimação ou superestimação pode servir para determinar critérios de inclusão nos próximos estudos ou para melhorar o processo de captura dos dados censitários nas áreas identificadas, no censo agropecuário do ano 2016. A informação gerada constitui um subsidio para orientar o crescimento e sustentabilidade da pecuária bovina brasileira; através dela aspectos sanitários, econômicos, ambientais e sociais podem ser confrontadosHistorically Brazil has being characterized for having and influent bovine livestock in her region; today she occupies the sixth place in cow milk production and second in meat production worldwide. However, in Brazil, the municipal bovine livestock development and its geographic distribution are not well known; few researches have been made, most are only at state and regional levels. Characterizing the productive systems development, of the bovine livestock in the Brazilian municipalities, is fundamental in the generation and orientation of the public politics that will after direct its grow and sustainability. The generation of appropriate indicators is a need in the characterization of the livestocks reality; production goals, consumption, social impact, environmental impact and risk of happening certain diseases can be estimated aspects. Before the lack of this indicators, frequently, are used as development indicators the municipal livestock production absolute quantities; data which is generated by the Statistics and Geography Brazilian Institute IBGE. In this study, a descriptive and analytical ecological study was conducted, the methodology applied included: selection of variables in the Agricultural Census 2006; evaluation of the data type and its effect on the productive profile; application of the technique principal components analysis and generation of indicators for dairy and beef livestock; categorization, geographical distribution and productive comparisons between the respective indicators. The conceptual framework used in the selection of variables was sustained in the basic structure of bovine, dairy or beef livestock; the data was relativized as the integration of criteria of quantity and production efficiency, lying a way to reduce the underestimation and overestimation problems generated by high variation between the size of the municipal areas. Four development index were generated: beef livestock, dairy livestock, dairy livestock in family farming and dairy livestock in not family farming. Each index was categorized, represented in the form of maps, compared and analyzed. Was demonstrated the disproportionate heterogeneity of the Brazilian bovine livestock. High and low development conglomerates were found. Brazil needs appropriate indicators for directing better the livestock and rural sectors that sustains her; the four indices generated in this study are a primary start for the representation of livestock reality in Brazil. It is expected that the methodology applied and the results obtained can be evaluated and compared with more detailed analysis in the different federal units or in large Brazilian regions. The quality of development indicators in livestock depends on the quality of the data in municipal aggregates. The identification of municipalities with underestimation or overestimation problems can be used to determine inclusion criteria in future studies or to improve the capture process of census data in identified areas, in the agricultural census of 2016. The information generated is a subsidy to guide growth and sustainability of the Brazilian bovine livestock; through her, health, economic, environmental and social aspects can be faced

Lessons learned of emerging Chikungunya virus in two populations of social vulnerability of the Colombian tropics: epidemiological analysis

Abstract Background Notwithstanding the strong epidemiological impact of the Chikungunya in the Colombian Caribbean, in 2014, not the entire population were affected in the same way. This study describe the demographic, socio-economic, clinical and epidemiological aspects of the de Chikungunya in Ovejas and Corozal, two neighboring municipalities with high vulnerability in health in the Colombian Caribbean. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in February 2015. A convenience sampling was carried out in 971 families affected with chikungunya. Also, a socio-demographics, clinical and epidemiological questionnaire was carried out for people who met the definition of suspected Chikungunya clinical case. For the statistical analysis, data and variables, frequencies, proportions and means were compared in the two municipalities studied. A logistic regression model was constructed to explain the effect of factors studied on the risk of family infection (RFI) or likelihood of contagion within each household. Was used the software EpiInfo 7.2.2.2 and a significance level with p-value < 0.05. Results In Ovejas, 516 households were affected by Chikungunya, 48% (1269/2631) of their inhabitants became sick; in Corozal, 455 families were affected and 42% (839/1999) of their members became sick. The evolution of the epidemic curves of Chikungunya outbreak was different in the two studied areas, the disease was more aggressive in Ovejas. Ten variables were pre-selected by univariate analysis to explain the RFI by Chikungunya, and were integrated into a logistic regression model. The final model was constructed with the following variables: municipality, gender, occupation, family income, use of repellent and fumigation. The logistic model was assessed as appropriate; however, the biases in the selection of the surveyed dwellings and in the selection of symptomatic patients could influence the results. Conclusions It was demonstrated the epidemiological complexity of Chikungunya and the serious problem caused in populations with high vulnerability in health. The accurate association observed in the logistic regression model suggests the role of the factors studied as determinant in the rate of infection of the Chikungunya; coverage problems and surveillance in health care, demographic aspect, socio-economic problems and lack of preventive measures could explains the risk of family infection by Chikungunya in some areas tropics of Colombia. Trial registration number approval 007–2016 ethics committee-IIBT

Zika virus disease, microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in Colombia: epidemiological situation during 21 months of the Zika virus outbreak, 2015–2017

Abstract Background The Zika virus disease (ZVD) has had a huge impact on public health in Colombia for the numbers of people affected and the presentation of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and microcephaly cases associated to ZVD. Methods A retrospective descriptive study was carried out, we analyze the epidemiological situation of ZVD and its association with microcephaly and GBS during a 21-month period, from October 2015 to June 2017. The variables studied were: (i) ZVD cases, (ii) ZVD cases in pregnant women, (iii) laboratory-confirmed ZVD in pregnant women, (iv) ZVD cases associated with microcephaly, (v) laboratory-confirmed ZVD associated with microcephaly, and (vi) ZVD associated to GBS cases. Average number of cases, attack rates (AR) and proportions were also calculated. The studied variables were plotted by epidemiological weeks and months. The distribution of ZVD cases in Colombia was mapped across the time using Kernel density estimator and QGIS software; we adopted Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) and the Gaussian Kernel to estimate the number of Guillain Barre cases given the number of ZVD cases. Results One hundred eight thousand eighty-seven ZVD cases had been reported in Colombia, including 19,963 (18.5%) in pregnant women, 710 (0.66%) associated with microcephaly (AR, 4.87 cases per 10,000 live births) and 453 (0.42%) ZVD associated to GBS cases (AR, 41.9 GBS cases per 10,000 ZVD cases). It appears the cases of GBS increased in parallel with the cases of ZVD, cases of microcephaly appeared 5 months after recognition of the outbreak. The kernel density map shows that throughout the study period, the states most affected by the Zika outbreak in Colombia were mainly San Andrés and Providencia islands, Casanare, Norte de Santander, Arauca and Huila. The KRR shows that there is no proportional relationship between the number of GBS and ZVD cases. During the cross validation, the RMSE achieved for the second order polynomial kernel, the linear kernel, the sigmoid kernel, and the Gaussian kernel are 9.15, 9.2, 10.7, and 7.2 respectively. Conclusions This study updates the epidemiological analysis of the ZVD situation in Colombia describes the geographical distribution of ZVD and shows the functional relationship between ZVD cases and GBS

Aptitud del Suelo de la Zona Costera del Departamento de Córdoba (Colombia) para la Piscicultura Soil Suitability in the Coastal Area of the Department of Córdoba (Colombia) for Fish Culture

Resumen. Se evaluó la aptitud del suelo de la región costera del departamento de Córdoba (Colombia), para el cultivo de peces. Se tomaron muestras de suelos, a tres profundidades, en 62 sitios; a las cuales se les midió pH, materia orgánica (MO), fósforo (P), textura e hierro (Fe). Mediante un SIG, los resultados de los parámetros estudiados, las coordenadas de los sitios y la cartografía relacionada se incorporaron en la base de datos del software ArcGIS 9.3 y asociados a las herramientas de análisis espacial para realizar interpolación y generación de mapas temáticos de la aptitud del suelo para piscicultura. Los valores promedio de pH (6,67±0,76), MO (0,51±0,34%) y P (19,62±26,99 ppm) se encontraron dentro del rango para cultivo de peces. La alta concentración de Fe (26,34±22,65 ppm) fue considerada la variable más crítica para la aptitud del suelo para la piscicultura, principalmente en las áreas con pH bajo. El mapa de aptitud del suelo, generado con la integración de las variables estudiadas, permitió identificar 123.625 ha como moderadamente aptas (67,4%), 53.909 ha como aptas (29,3%) y solamente 6.093 fueron consideradas no aptas (3,3%). Sin embargo, este resultado debe ser correlacionado con otras variables como topografía, cobertura vegetal, uso del suelo, disponibilidad hídrica, calidad hídrica, capacidad de drenaje, restricciones ambientales y aspectos socioeconómicos de la región.Abstract. The study was doing to assess the suitability of soil in the coastal region of Cordoba department (Colombia), for fish farming. Soil samples were taken in 62 locations at 20, 70 and 140 cm deep and measured pH, organic matter (OM), phosphorus (P), texture and iron (Fe). Using GIS, results of the studied parameters, coordinates and cartography of related sites were built into the software database of ArcGIS 9.3 and associated to spatial analysis tools for interpolation and generation of thematic maps of soil suitability for fish farming. The average values of the parameters for pH (6.67 ±0.76), MO (0.51 ± 0.34%), P (19.62 ± 26.99 ppm), were within the range to fish farming. The high concentration of Fe (26.34 ± 22.65 ppm) was considered the most critical parameter, especially for areas with low pH. The soil suitability map generated by the integration of the parameters studied, identified 123,625 ha as moderately suitable (67.4%), 53,909 ha were considered suitable (29.3%) and only 6,093 ha were rated unfit (3.3%). However, this result should be correlated with other attributes such as topography, vegetation, land use, water availability, water quality, drainage capacity, environmental constraints and socio-economics of the region

Estimating the abortion risk difference in Neospora caninum seropositive dairy cattle in Brazil

<p>Neosporosis in cattle herds is associated with large economic losses, with abortion being the only clinical sign perceptible to the producer. Losses are estimated at over one billion dollars worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the abortion risk difference in seropositive animals using specific data for dairy herds in Brazil. Differences in the risk of abortion between seropositive and seronegative animals were calculated through a meta-analysis of previous data from several Brazilian states, and an increase of 10.04% (0.091 to 0.118) in the specific risk was identified. This finding indicates that more than 474,000 abortions caused by neosporosis may be occurring only in dairy cattle herds in Brazil, causing a major economic loss in the milk production chain. The use of this specific measure for Brazilian herds opens the possibility of developing cost-benefit analysis for neosporosis in Brazil using data that are more reliable</p