Thermodynamics of the FRW universe at the event horizon in Palatini f(R) gravity

In an accelerated expanding universe, one can expect the existence of an event horizon. It may be interesting to study the thermodynamics of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe at the event horizon. Considering the usual Hawking temperature, the first law of thermodynamics does not hold on the event horizon. To satisfy the first law of thermodynamics, it is necessary to redefine Hawking temperature. In this paper, using the redefinition of Hawking temperature and applying the first law of thermodynamics on the event horizon, the Friedmann equations are obtained in f(R) gravity from the viewpoint of Palatini formalisn. In addition, the generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics, as a measure of the validity of the theory, is investigated

Complete Duplication of Collecting System in a Horseshoe Kidney Presenting with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: Report of an Exceedingly Rare Congenital Anomaly and Review of Literature

We report the fifth case in the English literature of a horseshoe kidney with a complete ureteral duplication. Our case is unique in that the previous four cases occurred in the presence of a ureterocele, whereas our patient lacked this anomaly. Further, our patient was managed conservatively, whereas the previous four patients were managed with surgery

A queuing location-allocation model for a capacitated health care system

International audienceThe aim of the present paper is to propose a location-allocation model for a capacitated health care system. This paper develops a discrete modeling framework to determine the optimal number of facilities among candidates and optimal allocations of the existing customers to operating health centers in a coverage distance. In doing so, the total sum of customer and operating facility costs is minimized. Our goal is to create a model that is more practical in the real world. Therefore, setup costs of hospitals are based on the costs of customers, xed costs of establishing health centers, and costs based on the available resources in each level of hospitals. In this paper, the idea of hierarchical structure has been used. There are two levels of service in hospitals, including low and high levels, and sections at diierent levels that provide diierent types of services. The patients refer to diierent sections of the hospital according to their requirements. To solve the model, two meta-heuristic algorithms, including genetic and simulated annealing algorithms and their combination, are proposed. To evaluate the performance of the three algorithms, some numerical examples are produced and analyzed using the statistical test in order to determine which algorithm works better

The First Integral Method to Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations

In this paper, we show the applicability of the first integral method for obtaining exact solutions of some nonlinear partial differential equations. By using this method, we found some exact solutions of the Landau-Ginburg-Higgs equation and generalized form of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and approximate long water wave equations. The first integral method is a direct algebraic method for obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations. This method can be applied to nonintegrable equations as well as to integrable ones. This method is based on the theory of commutative algebra

The New Mathematical Models for Inventory Management under Uncertain Market

Abstract: This paper presents the new mathematical model for determining the optimal ordering policy for industrial and commercial companies. In the previous research, the numerous inventory models under inflationary conditions have been developed. In these models, the demand rate, usually, has been considered constant and well known, time-varying, stock dependent or price-dependent. But, the demand rate, usually, is uncertain in the real world. Therefore, in this study, the new inflationary inventory models under stochastic demand conditions have been developed. The inventory system is in the state of multi-items with budget constraint. The numerical examples have also been given to illustrate and validate the theoretical results

Sqfemethod Under Uncertain Conditionsby Generating Fuzzy Membership Function

Abstract: The quality-based approach SQFE (Suivi Qualite Par le Fournisseur Exterieur) has been introduced by three automotivecorporationstomeasure the quality of supplier products. This approach proposesa general criterionby which inspection samples are classified to different demerit categories with different weights, to compute mean unit demerit ( for each measurable quality characteristic. However, the assignment of an actual and crisp demerit weight to each sampleis unrealistic, in the face of the unavoidable measurement errors as well as the inevitable uncertainty involved in human judgment. In this paper an improved estimation procedure which is based on fuzzy logic instead of bivalent logic,is presented to calculate s. The fuzzy set theory is used to add more accuracy and flexibility to the analysis. For this aim, "likelihood view" has been adapted to generate fuzzy membership function, in order to assign the appropriate demerit weight to each sample. In addition, a numerical example that evaluates productsbased on the proposed methodand compares it with the current standard procedureis presented

A mathematical model in cellular manufacturing system considering subcontracting approach under constraints

In this paper, a new mathematical model in cellular manufacturing systems (CMSs) has been presented. In order to increase the performance of manufacturing system, the production quantity of parts has been considered as a decision variable, i.e. each part can be produced and outsourced, simultaneously. This extension would be minimized the unused capacity of machines. The exceptional elements (EEs) are taken into account and would be totally outsourced to the external supplier in order to remove intercellular material handling cost. The problem has been formulated as a mixed-integer programming to minimize the sum of manufacturing variable costs under budget, machines capacity and demand constraints. Also, to evaluate advantages of the model, several illustrative numerical examples have been provided to compare the performance of the proposed model with the available classical approaches in the literature

A NEW ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZATION OF THE FUZZY RELATION EQUATION WITH MAX- ALGEBRAIC SUM COMPOSITION

ABSTRACT This paper considers an optimization problem with a linear objective function under the constraints expressed by a system of fuzzy relation equations using max-as (Algebraic Sum) composition. First, some properties of minimal solutions of the system with fuzzy relation equations and max-as composition are shown. Then, a new algorithm for solving the optimization problem is derived. The numerical examples have been provided to illustrate the theoretical results. OPSOMMING Hierdie artikel bestudeer 'n optimiseringsprobleem met 'n lineêre doelwitfunksie en wasige randvoorwaardes met 'n algebraïese somsamestelling. Aanvanklik word sommige eienskappe van die minimale oplossings van die wasige vergelykings en die algebraïese samestelling getoon. Daarna word 'n nuwe algoritme vir die oplossing van die optimiseringsprobleem afgelei. Numeriese voorbeelde word voorsien om die teoretiese resultate te ondersteun

Peanut consumption and cardiovascular risk

Objective We evaluated the effects of peanut consumption on lipid profiles, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and CHD risk in hypercholesterolaemic men.Design Randomised crossover clinical trial.Setting Participants were randomly assigned to two groups. They were asked to consume peanut supplements (about 77 g) with their habitual diet for 4 weeks.Subjects Fifty-four hypercholesterolaemic men with total cholesterol (TC) concentrations between 200 and 350 mg/dl.Results Compared with the habitual diet, peanut supplementation of the habitual diet significantly reduced TC/HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (mean 1 (se 03) P = 0001) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C ratio (mean 07 (se 02); P = 0001). Peanut consumption increased HDL-C (mean 61 (se 15) mg/dl; P < 0001) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (mean 12 (se 06) U/mL P = 004). In addition, peanut consumption significantly reduced the AIP (mean 01 (se 003) P = 001) and CHD estimated risk over 10 years based on systolic and diastolic blood pressures (mean 14 (se 05 ) P = 0004 and mean 22 (se 05 ) P < 0001, respectively).Conclusions Short-term peanut consumption might improve lipid profiles, the AIP and CHD risk in free-living hypercholesterolaemic men. © 2009 The Authors

The effect of on-site and outreach-based needle and syringe programs in people who inject drugs in Kermanshah, Iran

Background: Needle and syringe programs (NSPs) are widely used to reduce harms associated with drug injecting. This study assessed the effect of facility-based (on-site services at drop-in centre) and outreach models of NSP on injection risk behaviours. Methods: Self-reported data from 455 people who injected drugs (PWID) during 2014 in Kermanshah, Iran, were examined to measure demographic characteristics and risk behaviors. Self-reported and program data were also assessed to identify their main source of injection equipment. Participants were divided into three sub-groups: facility-based NSP users, outreach NSP users and non-users (comparison group). Coarsened exact matching was used to make the three groups statistically equivalent based on age, place of residence, education and income, and groups were compared regarding the proportion of borrowing or lending of syringes/cookers, reusing syringes and recent HIV testing. Results: Overall, 76% of participants reported any NSP service use during the two months prior to interview. Only 23% (95%CI: 17-27) reported outreach NSP as their main source of syringes. Using facility-based NSP significantly decreased recent syringe borrowing (OR: 0.27, 95%CI: 0.10-0.70), recent syringe reuse (OR: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.23-0.68) and increased recent HIV testing (OR: 2.60, 95%CI: 1.48-4.56). Similar effects were observed among outreach NSP users; in addition, the outreach NSP model significantly reduced the chance of lending syringes (OR: 0.31, 95%CI: 0.15-0.60), compared to facility-based NSP (OR: 1.25, 95%CI: 0.74-2.17). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the outreach NSP model is as effective as facility-based NSP in reducing injection risk behaviours and increasing the rate of HIV testing. Outreach NSP was even more effective than facility-based in reducing the lending of syringes to others. Scaling up outreach NSP is an effective intervention to further reduce transmission of HIV via needle sharing