L'APPRENTISSAGE DU VIOLON À LA CROISÉE DE L'ÉCOLE RATIONALISTE FRANÇAISE ET DE L'ÉCOLE PRAGMATISTE SUZUKI

The thesis, a volume of 466 pages, including a dozen pages of bibliography is organized in three parts spread over eight chapters, with an introduction and a conclusion. The introduction describes a path at the intersection of music and philosophy, on one side with graduate training in violin, the other in the encounter with phenomenology through the thought of Antonio Banfi in Italy. This dual experience motivates the theoretical impulse of all, leading to build in the first part of an empirical phenomenology which, in the field of art, would be attentive to the execution of works and instrumental technique. This requirement extends, in the thesis, a precise and concrete way through the confrontation of two methods of learning the violin, which are opposite to each other at all levels: on one hand the method of Pierre Baillot and the other that of Shinichi Suzuki. The first outcome of the sphere of the Paris Conservatoire just before the mid-nineteenth century, values the professionalism and selection, written music and playing the score; the other, carried by ancestral values of spirituality, belongs to Japan after the Second World War and advocates music for all, in its ability to transform the lives of everyone. Similar to the mother tongue, with the emotions that this implies, the music is so learned in any other way that where, as in Baillot, an analytical design and discipline prevails: listening, oral and beautiful sound are, in Suzuki, the main springs of the method. The interest of the thesis is however not to stay in generalities about it and getting into sharpened descriptions of all aspects of learning: stages of progression, body postures, taking account of singing and voice are all elements that contribute to the construction of the vis-\ue0-vis between the two methods, in important chapters IV to VI. A huge number of examples is used as a document from the literature of treaties and revived in the light of experience

Tilted vortex lattice in irradiate Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ single crystals

In order to enlighten the structure of vortex matter in irradiated layered Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ single crystals, the interaction of Josephson vortices and pancake vortices in was investigated by means of the local ac-magnetic permeability measurements by using the miniature local coils, while vortex matter in pristine crystals was studied by in-plane resistivity measurements. The transition anomaly, separating the strong pinning phase and the weak pinning vortex phase was found by both techniques deep in the vortex solid phase solid near ab-plane, indicating crossover from the vortex chains + lattice phase to tilted vortex chains phase. While the columnar defects affect strongly the first-order vortex-lattice melting transition, the magnetic permeability anomaly, associated with the crossover from vortex chains + lattice phase to tilted lattice, is surprisingly still clear, deep in the vortex solid phase. However, the stronger columnar defects eventually affect the crossover anomaly that it disappears too

Formation and decay of the Rydberg states of multiply charged ions interacting with solid surfaces

Processes of formation and decay of the Rydberg states of multiply charged ions escaping solid surfaces with intermediate velocities (v approximate to 1 a.u.) represent complex quantum events that require a detailed quantum description. We have developed a two-state vector model for the population process, with the functions Psi(1) and Psi(2) for definition of the state of a single active electron. The electron exchange between the solid and the moving ion is described by a mixed flux through a plane positioned between them. For the low values of the angular momentum quantum numbers l the radial electronic coordinate rho can be neglected, whereas for the large-l values a wide space region around the projectile trajectory was taken into account. The reionization of the previously populated states is considered as a decay of the wave function Psi(2). The corresponding decay rates are obtained by an appropriate etalon equation method: in the large-l case the radial electronic coordinate rho is treated as a variational parameter. The theoretical predictions based on that population-reionization mechanism are compared with the available beam-foil experimental data, as well as the experimental data obtained in the interaction of multiply charged ions with micro-capillary foil. Generally, the model reproduces the experimentally observed non-linear trend of the l distributions from l = 0 to l(max) = n - 1.25th Summer School and International Symposium on the Physics of Ionized Gases - SPIG 2010, Aug 30-Sep 03, 2010, Donji Milanovac, Serbi

Reducing stray radiation dose to patients receiving passively scattered proton radiotherapy for prostate cancer

Proton beam radiotherapy exposes healthy tissue to stray radiation emanating from the treatment unit and secondary radiation produced within the patient. These exposures provide no known benefit and may increase a patient\u27s risk of developing a radiogenic second cancer. The aim of this study was to explore strategies to reduce stray radiation dose to a patient receiving a 76 Gy proton beam treatment for cancer of the prostate. The whole-body effective dose from stray radiation, E, was estimated using detailed Monte Carlo simulations of a passively scattered proton treatment unit and an anthropomorphic phantom. The predicted value of E was 567 mSv, of which 320 mSv was attributed to leakage from the treatment unit; the remainder arose from scattered radiation that originated within the patient. Modest modifications of the treatment unit reduced E by 212 mSv. Surprisingly, E from a modified passive-scattering device was only slightly higher (109 mSv) than from a nozzle with no leakage, e.g., that which may be approached with a spot-scanning technique. These results add to the body of evidence supporting the suitability of passively scattered proton beams for the treatment of prostate cancer, confirm that the effective dose from stray radiation was not excessive, and, importantly, show that it can be substantially reduced by modest enhancements to the treatment unit. © 2008 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine

Josephson Vortex States in Intermediate Fields

Motivated by recent resistance data in high $T_c$ superconductors in fields {\it parallel} to the CuO layers, we address two issues on the Josephson-vortex phase diagram, the appearances of structural transitions on the observed first order transition (FOT) curve in intermediate fields and of a lower critical point of the FOT line. It is found that some rotated pinned solids are more stable than the ordinary rhombic pinned solids with vacant interlayer spacings and that, due to the vertical portion in higher fields of the FOT line, the FOT tends to be destroyed by creating a lower critical point.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. To appear in J.Phys.Soc.Jpn. 71, No.2 (February, 2002

How can health systems be strengthened to control and prevent an Ebola outbreak? a narrative review

The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases are now more than ever considered threats to public health systems. There have been over 20 outbreaks of Ebola in the past 40 years. Only recently, the World Health Organization has declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) in West Africa, with a projected estimate of 1.2 million deaths expected in the next 6 months. Ebola virus is a highly virulent pathogen, often fatal in humans and non-human primates. Ebola is now a great priority for global health security and often becomes fatal if left untreated. This study employed a narrative review. Three major databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Global Health were searched using both ‘text-words’ and ‘thesaurus terms’. Evidence shows that low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are not coping well with the current challenges of Ebola, not only because they have poor and fragile systems but also because there are poor infectious disease surveillance and response systems in place. The identification of potential cases is problematic, particularly in the aspects of contact tracing, infection control, and prevention, prior to the diagnosis of the case. This review therefore aims to examine whether LMICs’ health systems would be able to control and manage Ebola in future and identifies two key elements of health systems strengthening that are needed to ensure the robustness of the health system to respond effectively

Efficient energy transfer in light-harvesting systems, I: optimal temperature, reorganization energy, and spatial-temporal correlations

Understanding the mechanisms of efficient and robust energy transfer in light-harvesting systems provides new insights for the optimal design of artificial systems. In this paper, we use the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) protein complex and phycocyanin 645 (PC 645) to explore the general dependence on physical parameters that help maximize the efficiency and maintain its stability. With the Haken-Strobl model, the maximal energy transfer efficiency (ETE) is achieved under an intermediate optimal value of dephasing rate. To avoid the infinite temperature assumption in the Haken-Strobl model and the failure of the Redfield equation in predicting the Forster rate behavior, we use the generalized Bloch-Redfield (GBR) equation approach to correctly describe dissipative exciton dynamics and find that maximal ETE can be achieved under various physical conditions, including temperature, reorganization energy, and spatial-temporal correlations in noise. We also identify regimes of reorganization energy where the ETE changes monotonically with temperature or spatial correlation and therefore cannot be optimized with respect to these two variables