7 research outputs found
Sulfati, nitrati i kloridi u frakcijama razliÄitih veliÄina lebdeÄih Äestica
This paper describes a pilot study of chloride, nitrate, and sulphate content in thoracic and highrisk respirable fractions of airborne particles. Samples were collected at one measuring site in Zagreb in autumn 1998 and spring 1999. The results showed that almost total chloride, nitrate, and sulphate content was present in the respirable particle fraction. The average mass contribution of these pollutants to the particle mass amounted to 25%. Although chloride mass concentrations were quite low, the findings indicated that all pollutants originated from the same source.Istraživanja pokazuju da praÄenje razina koncentracija samo ukupnih lebdeÄih Äestica nije dostatno te da je povezanost negativnih zdravstvenih uÄinaka bolja s razinama koncentracija pojedinih frakcija veliÄina Äestica i njihovih sastojaka. Prikazani su poÄetni rezultati odreÄivanja sadržaja klorida, nitrata i sulfata u inhalabilnoj i respirabilnoj frakciji lebdeÄih Äestica mjerenih na jednome mjernom mjestu u Zagrebu tijekom jeseni 1998. i proljeÄa 1999. godine. Frakcije PM10 i PM2,5 lebdeÄih Äestica skupljane su na membranskim filtrima uz izdvajanje nerespirabilnog dijela Äestica iz uzorka uporabom impaktora. Masene koncentracije frakcija lebdeÄih Äestica odreÄene su gravimetrijski, dok su masene koncentracije u vodi topljivih sulfata, nitrata i klorida u frakcijama lebdeÄih Äestica odreÄene metodom ionske kromatografije. Rezultati pokazuju da se pretežni dio navedenih oneÄiÅ”Äenja nalazi u respirabilnoj frakciji lebdeÄih Äestica te da njihov doprinos ukupnoj masi Äestica iznosi oko 25%. Iako su koncentracije klorida bile pretežito niske, moguÄe je zakljuÄiti da sva navedena oneÄiÅ”Äenja potjeÄu pretežito iz istog izvora
Utjecaj tipova vremena na razine koncentracija metala sadržanih u frakciji lebdeÄih Äestica PM10 u atmosferi iznad Zagreba
This study investigates the influence of weather types found over the continental part of Croatia on daily PM10 concentrations and concentrations of metallic compounds in PM10 (namely manganese, lead and cadmium) in air during 2000ā2002 period. Pollutant concentrations were measured at the northern, residential part of Zagreb, far from major pollution sources. Weather types were determined from synoptic charts. In the employed categorization six different patterns were recognized: radiation weather type, high pressure ridge, precipitation weather type, southeastern advection, northeastern advection and wind weather type. The most frequently, elevated concentrations were related to radiation weather type and southeastern advection, while the lowest concentrations were recorded during the wind weather type. Obtained results generally suggest a major role of the local pollution sources, and particularly of the Zagreb industrial zone, in suspended particles/metallic compounds pollution. Since cadmium exhibits somewhat different behavior, the role of the long-range transport in cadmium pollution needs to be further investigated. Synoptic conditions favorable for elevated concentrations occurred in about 37% of investigated days. Typically, these conditions are characterized by 1) the weak winds and turbulence, and consequently, inefficient pollutant concentration dilution (the nighttime and wintertime radiative conditions); or 2) southeastern airflow (southeastern advection and daytime radiative conditions), which transports pollutants from industrial zone of Zagreb towards the measuring site. Due to the latter, particulate pollutants emitted in the industrial zone pass rather frequently above the eastern part of Zagreb.U radu je istražen utjecaj tipova vremena na dnevne koncentracije frakcije lebdeÄih Äestica PM10 te olova, mangana i kadmija sadržanih u PM10 u razdoblju od 2000. do zakljuÄno 2002. godine. Koncentracije su mjerene u sjevernom, rezidancijalnom dijelu Zagreba, podalje od veÄih izvora oneÄiÅ”ÄujuÄih tvari. Tipovi vremena (radijacijski, greben
visokog tlaka, oborinski, vjetreni te jugoistoÄna i sjeverozapadna advekcija), odreÄeni su na temelju sinoptiÄkih karata. PoviÅ”ene koncentracije primijeÄene su tijekom radijacijskoga tipa i jugoistoÄne advekcije, a najniže tijekom vjetrenoga tipa vremena. Rezultati opÄenito ukazuju na važnu ulogu lokalnih izvora oneÄiÅ”Äenja, naroÄito industrijske zone. Kako je slika za kadmij donekle drugaÄija, u daljnjem radu potrebno je ispitati ulogu daljinskog prijenosa u oneÄiÅ”Äenju kadmijem. Uvjeti koji pogoduju poviÄenim razinama
oneÄiÅ”Äenja dogodili su se tijekom promatranog razdoblja u 37% ispitanih dana, a opÄenito ih karakterizira: 1) slab vjetar i slaba turbulencija, odnosno slabo razrijeÄivanje
oneÄiÅ”ÄujuÄe tvari (noÄu i zimi tijekom radijacijskog tipa vremena), ili 2) jugoistoÄno strujanje (pri jugoistoÄnoj advekciji te danju tijekom radijacijskog tipa) koje prenosi polutante od industrijske zone prema mjernom mjestu. Stoga oneÄiÅ”ÄujuÄe tvari koje su emitirane u industrijskoj zoni priliÄno Äesto prolaze nad istoÄnim dijelom Zagreba
Iskustva akreditacije Instituta za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada
Accreditation in accordance with the international General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories (HRN EN ISO/IEC 17025 standard) has become a widely accepted method of quality management and objective evidence of technical competence, knowledge, and skills of testing and calibration laboratories. In 2010, the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health (IMROH) had its management system accredited against the HRN EN ISO/IEC 17025 standard for the following scopes: determination of radioactivity, testing of ambient air quality, and testing in the scope of ionising radiation protection. This accreditation encompassed three laboratories: Radiation Protection Unit, Environmental Hygiene Unit, and the Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit. In accordance with the rules of the Croatian Accreditation Agency, the second re-accreditation is due in 2020. This paper describes and discusses the quality management system at IMROH over the ten years of its implementation. We share our experiences about non-conformities discovered during regular work, internal audits, and external audits performed by the Croatian Accreditation Agency. The accredited management system significantly improved the performance of the accredited units, and the Institute increased its visibility and marketing advantage, consequently improving its market position.Akreditacija u skladu sa zahtjevima meÄunarodnog standarda HRN EN ISO / IEC 17025 (OpÄi zahtjevi za osposobljenost ispitnih i umjernih laboratorija) postala je praktiÄna i Å”iroko prihvaÄena metoda upravljanja kvalitetom i objektivni dokaz tehniÄke osposobljenosti, znanja i vjeÅ”tina u ispitnim i umjernim laboratorijima. Institut za medicinska istraživanja I medicinu rada (IMROH) akreditirao je 2010. godine svoj sustav upravljanja u skladu sa zahtjevima HRN EN ISO / IEC 17025 norme za sljedeÄa podruÄja primjene: odreÄivanje radioaktivnosti, ispitivanja kvalitete zraka te ispitivanja u podruÄju zaÅ”tite od ionizirajuÄega zraÄenja. Akreditacija je obuhvaÄala tri laboratorija: Jedinicu za zaÅ”titu od zraÄenja, Jedinicu za higijenu okoline i Jedinicu za dozimetriju zraÄenja i radiobiologiju. U skladu s pravilima Hrvatske akreditacijske agencije, u 2020. godini planira se druga reakreditacija Instituta. U radu je opisan sustav upravljanja kvalitetom u IMROH-u i iskustva steÄena tijekom desetogodiÅ”njeg razdoblja. Analizirane su nesukladnosti otkrivene tijekom redovitog rada, u internim auditima te u vanjskim auditima koje je provodila Hrvatska akreditacijska agencija, tj. nacionalno akreditacijsko tijelo u Hrvatskoj. Može se zakljuÄiti da je akreditirani sustav upravljanja znaÄajno poboljÅ”ao rad ukljuÄenih akreditiranih jedinica, a Institut je poveÄao vidljivost na tržiÅ”tu i marketinÅ”ku prednost te posljediÄno poboljÅ”ao svoju tržiÅ”nu poziciju
Mass Concentrations of Water-Soluble Ions in PM Particle Fraction Measured at Urban Background Site in Croatia
Mass concentrations of PM particle fraction, water-soluble anion species (Cl, NO, SO) and cation species (Na, NH, K, Mg, Ca) were determined, to investigated the relationship between pollutant mass concentrations, contribution of measured species to PM mass and prediction of the pollutant sources. Daily PM samples were taken over three years 2014 ā 2016 at urban background site (UBS) in northern part of Zagreb, Croatia.
Mass concentrations of PM particle fraction were determined by gravimetry according to the standard HRN EN 14907:2006 (EN 14907:2005) and HRN EN 12341:2014 (EN 12341:2014). Water-soluble ionic species were analysed using Thermo Scientific ā ICS 5000 Capillary ion chromatography.
Annual average PM mass concentration ranged from 19.6 Ī¼g m to 22.7Ī¼g m respectively. The annual average ion mass concentrations at UBS followed the order SO > NO > NH > K > Ca > Cl > Na > Mg, respectively, contributed from 26.5% to 31.5% to the overall PM mass, respectively. Annual average mass ratios of (NO)/(SO) obtained in PM ranged from 0.76 to 1.07, respectively, indicating that mobile source emission was an important contributor to particle mass at UBS.
The prediction of the pollutant sources, we ran the principal component analysis (PCA), which was performed using the STATISTICA 12.0 statistical packages. After varimax rotation, the obtained principal component factors were found to account for 95% of the variance. Factor loadings > 0.7 were considered significant
Kruženje sumpora izmeÄu terestriÄkog agroekosustava i atmosfere
Central gas station of the natural gas borehole system Podravina is located near the village Molve. It delivers more than a quarter of total energy used in Croatia to its consumers. Over the years, adapting technology to increasingly demanding and rigorous standards in environmental protection has become paramount. Yet, despite all the industry has undertaken to address the risk of harmful substances entering the food chain, a multidisciplinary research team of independent scientists monitors the content of specific substances in all components of the ecosystem. This paper presents measurements of total sulphur contents in soil surface [(0 to 3) cm] and subsurface [(3 to 8) cm] layers (study period: autumn 2006 - spring 2010) and in plants (study period: spring 2000 - spring 2010), and the concentration of gaseous sulphur compounds in the air. Concentrations of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and mercaptans (RSH) were measured from the summer of 2002 until the autumn of 2010, while concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2) were measured from the spring of 2008 until the autumn of 2010. The paper also shows total annual atmospheric sulphur (S-SO4) deposition at Bilogora measuring station (study period: 2001 - 2010). Average monthly concentrations of H2S in air varied between 0.2 Ī¼g m-3 and 2.0 Ī¼g m-3, RSH between 0.1 Ī¼g m-3 and 24.5 Ī¼g m-3, and SO2 between 0.4 Ī¼g m-3 and 2.8 Ī¼g m-3 depending on the location and the season of sampling. Mean values of total sulphur in soil and in Plantago lanceolata plant ranged between 610 mg kg-1 and 1,599 mg kg-1 and between 3,614 mg kg-1 and 4,342 mg kg-1, respectively, depending on the soil type, location, and sampling depth. Average values of total sulphur mass ratio for all examined single soil samples (n=80) were 1,080 mg kg-1 for both studied layers, and 4,108 mg kg-1 for all analysed plant samples (n=85). Average total annual atmospheric sulphur deposition at Bilogora measuring station was 6.3 kg of S-SO4 per hectar.Centralna plinska stanica plinskobuÅ”otinskog sustava Podravina nalazi se u Molvama, a potroÅ”aÄima energije isporuÄuje viÅ”e od Äetvrtine ukupne energije koja se troÅ”i u Hrvatskoj. Prilagodba tehnologije sve zahtjevnijim i strožim standardima zaÅ”tite okoliÅ”a tijekom godina bila je neupitna, no bez obzira na sve uÄinjeno od strane industrije, a s obzirom na rizik ulaska Å”tetnih tvari u hranidbeni lanac, u okviru multidisciplinarnog istraživaÄkog tima nezavisni struÄnjaci motre sadržaj potencijalno Å”tetnih tvari i prate utjecaje na sve sastavnice ekosustava. U ovom radu prikazane su vrijednosti ukupnog sumpora izmjerenog u tlu (u periodu od jeseni 2006. do proljeÄa 2010.) i u biljci (u periodu od proljeÄa 2000. do proljeÄa 2010.) te koncentracije plinovitih sumporovih spojeva u zraku. Koncentracije sumporovodika (H2S) i merkaptana (RSH) mjerene su u razdoblju ljeto 2002-jesen 2010, dok su koncentracije sumporova(IV) oksida (SO2) odreÄivane u razdoblju proljeÄe 2008-jesen 2010. Prikazane su i godiÅ”nje vrijednosti ukupne atmosferske depozicije sumpora (S-SO4) izmjerene na mjernoj stanici Bilogora (za period od 2001. do 2010.). Srednje mjeseÄne koncentracije H2S u zraku kretale su se izmeÄu 0,2 Ī¼g m-3 i 2,0 Ī¼g m-3, merkaptana izmeÄu 0,1 Ī¼g m-3 i 24,5 Ī¼g m-3 te SO2 izmeÄu 0,4 Ī¼g m-3 i 2,8 Ī¼g m-3, ovisno o lokaciji i sezoni uzorkovanja. Srednje vrijednosti ukupnog sumpora u tlu i u trpucu kretale su se redom od 610 mg kg-1 do 1 599 mg kg-1 te od 3 614 mg kg-1 do 4 342 mg kg-1, ovisno o tipu tla, lokaciji i dubini uzorkovanja, dok su prosjeÄne vrijednosti masenog udjela ukupnog sumpora, za cijeli period istraživanja, za tlo, iznosile 1 080 mg kg-1 (n = 80) za obje ispitivane dubine te 4 108 mg kg-1 za sve ispitivane uzorke trpuca (n = 85). ProsjeÄno godiÅ”nje ukupno atmosfersko taloženje sumpora na mjernoj stanici Bilogora iznosilo je 6,3 kg ha-1 S-SO4