Materiais Didáticos Manipuláveis para o Ensino de Geometria

Os conhecimentos geométricos podem ser observados em todos os momentos da nossa vida, seja nos formatos dos pequenos objetos que nos cercam, seja nas grandiosas construções das civilizações humanas. Este fato mostra a importância e a necessidade de incluir seus conteúdos nos espaços escolares de maneira criativa e dinâmica. Para isso, construímos projetos que enfatizam os conhecimentos geométricos com um deles voltados para o ensino de geometria envolvendo materiais didáticos. O projeto foi desenvolvido numa pesquisa durante o Programa de Iniciação Científica (IC) 2019-2020, da Universidade do Estado da Bahia - UNEB no Campus Senhor do Bonfim. Neste artigo apresentamos um recorte desta pesquisa com objetivo de catalogar materiais didáticos manipuláveis que podem auxiliar o professor de matemática que leciona geometria para o sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental. A pesquisa ancora-se na perspectiva da abordagem qualitativa e pautou sua construção na revisão bibliográfica de livros, artigos e laboratórios de matemática e geometria de universidades públicas brasileiras. Os dados coletados foram selecionados, analisados e consolidaram 10 categorias. Como resultados catalogamos 92 materiais didáticos manipuláveis que podem ajudar no ensino de conteúdos geométricos para os anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e, destes, 30 podem ser propostos para o sexto ano

Central nervous system involvement in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: challenges and solutions

Delivery of effective anti-leukemic agents to the central nervous system (CNS) is considered essential for cure of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Current CNS-directed therapy comprises systemic therapy with good CNS-penetration accompanied by repeated intrathecal treatments up to 26 times over 2–3 years. This approach prevents most CNS relapses, but is associated with significant short and long term neurotoxicity. Despite this burdensome therapy, there have been no new drugs licensed for CNS-leukemia since the 1960s, when very limited anti-leukemic agents were available and there was no mechanistic understanding of leukemia survival in the CNS. Another major barrier to improved treatment is that we cannot accurately identify children at risk of CNS relapse, or monitor response to treatment, due to a lack of sensitive biomarkers. A paradigm shift in treating the CNS is needed. The challenges are clear – we cannot measure CNS leukemic load, trials have been unable to establish the most effective CNS treatment regimens, and non-toxic approaches for relapsed, refractory, or intolerant patients are lacking. In this review we discuss these challenges and highlight research advances aiming to provide solutions. Unlocking the potential of risk-adapted non-toxic CNS-directed therapy requires; (1) discovery of robust diagnostic, prognostic and response biomarkers for CNS-leukemia, (2) identification of novel therapeutic targets combined with associated investment in drug development and early-phase trials and (3) engineering of immunotherapies to overcome the unique challenges of the CNS microenvironment. Fortunately, research into CNS-ALL is now making progress in addressing these unmet needs: biomarkers, such as CSF-flow cytometry, are now being tested in prospective trials, novel drugs are being tested in Phase I/II trials, and immunotherapies are increasingly available to patients with CNS relapses. The future is hopeful for improved management of the CNS over the next decade

ENTRE AVANÇOS E RETROCESSOS: UM ESTUDO MULTICASO DE CONSELHOS DE ALIMENTAÇÃO ESCOLAR PARANAENSES / Between advances and setbacks: a multi-case study of Paraná state school feeding councils

O Conselho de Alimentação Escolar (CAE) é um instrumento que visa a participação da população na gestão do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), estabelecendo canais para cobrança dos governos quanto a melhorias demandadas. Diante de tantos desafios para o fortalecimento do PNAE e de seu controle social, é que surge o interesse sobre o aprofundamento sobre a temática. Para tanto, este estudo multicaso selecionou quatro CAEs paranaenses e com base em resultados de análise documental e de conteúdo, congregou seus potenciais e limitantes em matriz de análise SWOT. Os fatores em comum demonstraram a influência da liderança e participação consciente, assim como a tutela de gestores e falta de conhecimento ou disponibilidade para os avanços e retrocessos de atuação.Abstract: The School Meals Council (CAE) is an instrument that aims at the participation of the population in the management of the National School Meals Program (PNAE), establishing channels for charging the governments regarding the improvements demanded. In the face of so many challenges for strengthening PNAE and its social control, interest in deepening the theme arises. For this purpose, this multi-case study selected four CAEs from Paraná and based on the results of documentary and content analysis, gathered their potential and limiting factors in a SWOT analysis matrix. The common factors demonstrated the influence of leadership and conscious participation, as well as the tutelage of managers and lack of knowledge or availability for the advances and setbacks of performance

El impacto de la aplicación de los estándares de sostenibilidad corporativa sobre el desempeño financiero de las empresas peruanas que cotizan en la bolsa de valores de Lima en los últimos 5 años

Debido a que principales gobiernos firmaron el Acuerdo de París, las empresas tienen que desarrollar criterios de sostenibilidad, y de esta forma los inversionistas deberán tener en cuenta además de la rentabilidad más factores como el medio ambiente y la sociedad. En ese sentido, el presente trabajo analiza la relación de la aplicación de criterios de sostenibilidad corporativa, medido en función de las respuestas obtenidas del “Reporte de sostenibilidad corporativa (10180)” desarrollada por la Superintendencia de Mercado de Valores, con el desempeño financiero, medido a través del ROE de las empresas que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima y mantiene al 2022 la mayor frecuencia de negociación. Con esta información se realizó una regresión lineal de datos de panel. Los resultados indican que, existe una relación positiva entre la aplicación de los criterios de sostenibilidad y la rentabilidad financiera, lo cual; es congruente con la evidencia empírica desarrollada en otras geografías. Durante el periodo analizado, el inversionista, a nivel local, se encuentra interesado en asignar flujo de capital a compañías que cumplan con criterios de sostenibilidad. Finalmente; dadas las limitaciones de la presente investigación se sugiere ampliar el alcance, las variables de investigación y el periodo de análisis

Costos y beneficios de la emisión de obligaciones y el apalancamiento financiero ante impuestos

La creciente participación de empresas en el mercado de valores pone de manifiesto que la forma de financiarse a través de la emisión de obligaciones ha tenido éxito en el país. En consecuencia, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar y determinar los costos, beneficios y la forma de conseguir apalancamiento por medio de los impuestos que implica la emisión de obligaciones para las empresas. Por lo tanto, fue necesario evaluar aquellos costos que se incurren en el proceso como: los costos de emisión y los costos de colocación. El primero se refiere a la estructura financiera y legal, calificadora de riesgo, mientras que el segundo, al agente colocador, los intereses por pagar. Adicionalmente, se analizó el apalancamiento financiero en los impuestos corporativos. Los métodos de investigación utilizados fueron exploratoria y descriptiva. El caso de estudio permitió realizar proyecciones que proporcionaron respuestas al problema planteado. Según el análisis realizado, los resultados del financiamiento por medio de obligaciones estarán en función del tipo de tasa que se ofrezca y de los costos de la emisión, así como del tiempo y del monto requerido. Palabras clave: Finanzas, emisión de obligaciones, bolsa de valores, apalancamiento financiero, impuestos corporativos. &nbsp

Educational Strategies through Artificial Intelligence-Based Digital Tools: A Literature Review

En los ultimos años la educación ha evolucionado aceleradamente con la integración de tecnologías y herramientas digitales basadas en inteligencia artificial. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar las estrategias educativas que emplean herramientas digitales basadas en inteligencia artificial. La metodología empleada se basa en una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva que abarca una variedad de fuentes primarias y secundarias. El análisis se enfoca en identificar y examinar estrategias educativas específicas respaldadas por herramientas digitales basadas en IA. Este enfoque metodológico permite recopilar y sintetizar conocimientos existentes para ofrecer una visión integral de las prácticas educativas emergentes en el contexto de la IA. Los resultados del estudio revelan estrategias innovadoras implementadas con éxito en entornos educativos, aprovechando las avanzadas capacidades de la IA. Se resaltan beneficios como la personalización del aprendizaje, adaptabilidad a las necesidades individuales y mejora de los resultados académicos. Sin embargo, también se identifican desafíos, incluyendo preocupaciones éticas, la necesidad de garantizar equidad en el acceso a la tecnología y la importancia de la formación docente. Este análisis ofrece una mayor comprensión de cómo estas herramientas transforman la educación y cómo se puede aprovechar al máximo el potencial de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito educativo.  In recent years, education has rapidly evolved with the integration of technologies and digital tools based on artificial intelligence. This study aims to analyze educational strategies employing digital tools based on artificial intelligence. The methodology relies on a comprehensive literature review encompassing a variety of primary and secondary sources. The analysis focuses on identifying and examining specific educational strategies supported by AI-based digital tools. This methodological approach allows for the collection and synthesis of existing knowledge to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging educational practices in the context of AI. The study's results reveal innovative strategies successfully implemented in educational settings, leveraging the advanced capabilities of AI. Benefits such as personalized learning, adaptability to individual needs, and improved academic outcomes are emphasized. However, challenges are also identified, including ethical concerns, the need to ensure equity in technology access, and the significance of teacher training. This analysis offers a deeper understanding of how these tools transform education and how the full potential of artificial intelligence in the educational realm can be maximized

Synergistic use of glycomics and single-molecule molecular inversion probes for identification of congenital disorders of glycosylation type-1

Congenital disorders of glycosylation type 1 (CDG-I) comprise a group of 27 genetic defects with heterogeneous multisystem phenotype, mostly presenting with nonspecific neurological symptoms. The biochemical hallmark of CDG-I is a partial absence of complete N-glycans on transferrin. However, recent findings of a diagnostic N-tetrasaccharide for ALG1-CDG and increased high-mannose N-glycans for a few other CDG suggested the potential of glycan structural analysis for CDG-I gene discovery. We analyzed the relative abundance of total plasma N-glycans by high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in a large cohort of 111 CDG-I patients with known (n = 75) or unsolved (n = 36) genetic cause. We designed single-molecule molecular inversion probes (smMIPs) for sequencing of CDG-I candidate genes on the basis of specific N-glycan signatures. Glycomics profiling in patients with known defects revealed novel features such as the N-tetrasaccharide in ALG2-CDG patients and a novel fucosylated N-pentasaccharide as specific glycomarker for ALG1-CDG. Moreover, group-specific high-mannose N-glycan signatures were found in ALG3-, ALG9-, ALG11-, ALG12-, RFT1-, SRD5A3-, DOLK-, DPM1-, DPM3-, MPDU1-, ALG13-CDG, and hereditary fructose intolerance. Further differential analysis revealed high-mannose profiles, characteristic for ALG12- and ALG9-CDG. Prediction of candidate genes by glycomics profiling in 36 patients with thus far unsolved CDG-I and subsequent smMIPs sequencing led to a yield of solved cases of 78% (28/36). Combined plasma glycomics profiling and targeted smMIPs sequencing of candidate genes is a powerful approach to identify causative mutations in CDG-I patient cohorts

Exploring the Association Between Genetic Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in Craniofacial Development and Isolated Tooth Agenesis

Tooth agenesis is a common congenital anomaly in humans and is more common in oral cleft patients than in the general population. Many previous studies suggested that oral cleft and tooth agenesis share a similar genetic background. Therefore, this study explored the association between isolated tooth agenesis and genetic polymorphisms in genes that are crucial for craniofacial and tooth development. Panoramic radiographs, anamnesis, and genomic DNA from 273 patients were included. Patients were classified as tooth agenesis present, when at least one permanent tooth was congenitally missing. Patients with syndromes and oral cleft were excluded. Only unrelated patients were included. The genetic polymorphisms in BMP2 (rs235768 and rs1005464), BMP4 (rs17563), RUNX2 (rs59983488 and rs1200425), and SMAD6 (rs3934908 and rs2119261) were genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Genotype and allele distributions were compared between the tooth agenesis phenotypes and controls by Chi-square test. Haplotype and diplotype analysis were also performed, in addition to multivariate analysis (alpha of 0.05). A total of 86 tooth agenesis cases and 187 controls were evaluated. For the rs235768 in BMP2, patients carrying TT genotype have higher chance to present tooth agenesis [p < 0.001; prevalence ratio (PR) = 8.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.26–16.10]. The TT genotype in rs3934908 (SMAD6) was associated with higher chance to present third molar agenesis (p = 0.023; PR = 3.25; 95% CI = 1.17–8.99). BMP2 was also associated in haplotype and diplotype analysis with tooth agenesis. In conclusion, genetic polymorphisms in BMP2 and SMAD6 were associated with isolated tooth agenesis

Genetic variants in bone morphogenetic proteins signaling pathway might be involved in palatal rugae phenotype in humans

This study investigated, if genetic variants in BMP2, BMP4 and SMAD6 are associated with variations in the palatal rugae pattern in humans. Dental casts and genomic DNA from 75 patients were evaluated. Each patient was classified as follows: total amount of rugae; bilateral symmetry in the amount, length and shape of the palatal rugae; presence of secondary or fragmentary palatal rugae; presence of unifications; predominant shape; and predominant direction of the palatal rugae. The genetic variants in BMP2 (rs1005464 and rs235768), BMP4 (rs17563) and SMAD6 (rs2119261 and rs3934908) were genotyped. Genotype distribution was compared between palatal rugae patterns using the chi-square test (alpha = 0.05). The allele A was associated with the presence of secondary or fragmentary rugae for rs1005464 (OR = 2.5, 95%CI 1.1–6.3; p = 0.014). Secondary or fragmentary rugae were associated with the G allele in rs17563 (OR = 2.1, 95%CI 1.1–3.9; p = 0.017). rs17563 was also associated with rugae unification (p = 0.017 in the additive model). The predominant shape (wavy) was associated with rs2119261 (p = 0.023 in the additive model). The left–right symmetry of the length of primary rugae was associated with rs3934908 in the recessive model (OR = 3.6, 95%CI 1.2–11.7; p = 0.025). In conclusion, genetic variants in the BMP pathway impacted on palatal rugae pattern