Miłość jako teologiczne i filozoficzne pojęcie w koncepcji Jana Pawła II

Humankind has been asking the questin about love during the ages. John Paul II took up the theme of Christian love in depth and based it on the theology of body. Pope brought back its real significance by relating this meaning to the betrothal love between woman and man. In his philosophy person is not a means to an end but an end in itself. This love is marked by the common aim, which biases couple in favour of marriage

Quality of drug label information on QT interval prolongation

Background: Information regarding QT-prolongation in the drug label may vary between products. This could lead to suboptimal risk minimization strategies. Objective: To systematically assess the variation in the extent and content of information on QT prolongation in the summary of product characteristics (SPC) of recently approved medicinal products. Methods: Drug labels of products centrally approved in Europe between 2006 and 2012 were screened. Of drugs including the term 'QT' in the SPC, the message on QT-prolongation ('no prolongation'/'unclear drug-QT association'/'possibly QT-prolongation'/'QT-prolongation') and the advice on cautionary measures pertaining to QT-prolongation in the label were examined, as well as their association. Results: Of the 175 screened products, 44 contained information on QT in the SPC ('no QT-prolongation': 23%, 'unclear drug-QT association': 43%, 'possibly QT-prolongation': 16%, 'QT-prolongation': 18%). 62% contained advices to act with caution in patients with additional risk factors for QT-prolongation. Products that more likely to have QT-prolonging properties according to the SPC provided more information on QT-prolongation in the SPC ('no prolongation': 10% and for the category 'QT-prolongation': 100%). Conclusions: The extent and content of information on QT-prolongation varies considerably between SPCs, and in almost half of the drugs a clear message on QT-prolongation was lacking in the SPC

Association of heart rate with all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 405 patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

<p>Heart rate was categorised in steps of 10 bpm, when analysed as a continuous variable. In total, 310 patients had a heart rate ≤80 bpm and 95 patients had a heart rate >80 bpm.</p><p>COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, bpm: beats per minute.</p>1<p>Adjusted for sex, and age.</p>2<p>Adjusted for sex, age, pack-years of smoking, FEV1, and use of cardiovascular drugs (β-blockers excluded).</p>3<p>One patient was censored before the earliest event in this stratum occurred and therefore excluded from analysis.</p>4<p>Adjusted for sex, age, history of cardiovascular disease, use of cardiovascular medication (β-blockers excluded), and β-blockers.</p>5<p>Adjusted for sex, age, pack-years of smoking, and FEV1(% predicted).</p><p>Association of heart rate with all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 405 patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p

Baseline characteristics of the 405 patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), divided in those with a heart rate of 80 bpm or lower versus those with a heart rate above 80 bpm.

<p>Values are means (SD) for continuous variables, absolute numbers (percentages) for dichotomous variables and median (25–75 percentile) for skewed distributed variables.</p><p>SD: standard deviation, N: number, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FVC: forced vital capacity, bpm: beats per minute, GOLD: global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease, ms: milliseconds.</p>1<p>Body mass index: 4 missing, mean RR: 2 missing.</p>2<p>Including prior myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary intervention, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, other cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, transient cerebral ischemic attack, peripheral arterial disease, or aortic aneurysm.</p>3<p>Including diuretics, digoxin, calcium channel-antagonists, anti-arrhythmics, platelet aggregation inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, nitrates and statins.</p><p>Baseline characteristics of the 405 patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), divided in those with a heart rate of 80 bpm or lower versus those with a heart rate above 80 bpm.</p

Safety information on QT-interval prolongation : comparison of European Union and United States drug labeling

Prolongation of the QT interval can predispose to fatal ventricular arrhythmias. Differences in QT-labeling language can result in miscommunication and suboptimal risk mitigation. We systematically compared the phraseology used to communicate on QT-prolonging properties of 144 drugs newly approved (1st January 2006 to 1st June 2012) in the European Union (EU) and the United States (US), of which 66 mentioned the term 'QT' (two EU only, 28 US only, 36 both). The agreement between authorities about the message on QT prolongation (does not prolong, unclear, possibly prolongs, prolongs) was moderate (kappa 0.434). However, the agreement in expected clinical decisions based on the product labels was much higher (kappa 0.673). The US drug label tends to be more explicit, especially when it considers absence of QT effects. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Mortality and exacerbations/pneumonia in 405 patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), divided in those with a heart rate of 80 bpm or lower versus those with a heart rate above 80 bpm.

<p>Values are absolute numbers (percentages).</p>1<p>pneumonia and/or exacerbation.</p><p>Mortality and exacerbations/pneumonia in 405 patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), divided in those with a heart rate of 80 bpm or lower versus those with a heart rate above 80 bpm.</p

Association of heart rate with non-fatal respiratory complications (pneumonia or exacerbation) in 402¹ patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

<p>Heart rate was categorised in steps of 10 bpm, when analysed as a continuous variable. In total 310 patients had a heart rate ≤80 bpm and 95 patients had a heart rate >80 bpm.</p><p>COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, bpm: beats per minute.</p>1<p>Two patients were excluded as they were censored before the earliest event occurred. In one patient we had no follow-up data.</p>2<p>Adjusted for sex, and age.</p>3<p>Adjusted for sex, age, pack-years of smoking, FEV1 (% predicted), use of cardiovascular drugs (β-blockers excluded), and β-blockers.</p><p>Association of heart rate with non-fatal respiratory complications (pneumonia or exacerbation) in 402^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105152#nt117" target="_blank">1</a>} patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p

Electrocardiographic characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Electrocardiography (ECG) carries information about cardiac disease and prognosis, but studies comparing ECG characteristics between patients with and without COPD are lacking. We related ECG characteristics of patients with COPD, to ECG characteristics of patients without COPD, and determined whether ECG abnormalities are related to COPD severity. A cross-sectional study was conducted within a cohort of 243 COPD patients, aged 65 years or older. All patients underwent extensive examinations, including resting 12-lead ECG and pulmonary function tests. The reference group (n = 293) was a sample from the general population, also aged 65 or older, without COPD. Abnormal ECGs were more prevalent in COPD patients (50%) than in patients without COPD (36%, p = 0.054). Conduction abnormalities were the most common ECG abnormality in COPD patients (28%) being significantly more prevalent than in patients without COPD (11%, p < 0.001). The mean heart rate was higher in COPD patients (72 bpm (SD 14)) compared to controls (65 bpm (SD 13), p < 0.001), and QTc prolongation was less frequent in COPD patients (9% versus 14%, p = 0.01). The prevalence of ECG abnormalities increased with severity of pulmonary obstruction. ECG abnormalities, especially conduction abnormalities are common in COPD patients, and the prevalence of ECG abnormalities increases with severity of COPD. This underlines the importance of an integrated-care approach for COPD patients, paying attention to early detection of unrecognized coexisting cardiac disorder