Humankind has been asking the questin about love during the ages. John Paul II took up the theme of Christian love in depth and based it on the theology of body. Pope brought back its real significance by relating this meaning to the betrothal love between woman and man. In his philosophy person is not a means to an end but an end in itself. This love is marked by the common aim, which biases couple in favour of marriage

AG Shaper

Anthonius de Boer

Arno W. Hoes

CJ Murray

F Badilini

FA McAlister

FH Rutten

Frans H. Rutten

G Engstrom

G Flannery

H Gunduz

HH Jensen

J Vestbo

K Fox

LC Boudestein

LCS Burt

M Volterrani

Marie L. De Bruin

Miriam J. Warnier

MJ Warnier

MT Jensen

N Sarapa

NM Hawkins

PM Short

S Burge

S Salpeter

S Sidney

SR Salpeter

Vasiliki Dimopoulos Georgiopoulou

WB Kannel

X Jouven

Yan Gong

PubMed

Background: Although it is known that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) generally do have an increased heart rate, the effects on both mortality and non-fatal pulmonary complications are unclear. We assessed whether heart rate is associated with all-cause mortality, and non-fatal pulmonary endpoints. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 405 elderly patients with COPD was performed. All patients underwent extensive investigations, including electrocardiography. Follow-up data on mortality were obtained by linking the cohort to the Dutch National Cause of Death Register and information on complications (exacerbation of COPD or pneumonia) by scrutinizing patient files of general practitioners. Multivariable cox regression analysis was performed. Results: During the follow-up 132 (33%) patients died. The overall mortality rate was 50/1000 py (42-59). The major causes of death were cardiovascular and respiratory. The relative risk of all-cause mortality increased with 21% for every 10 beats/minute increase in heart rate (adjusted HR: 1.21 [1.07-1.36], p = 0.002). The incidence of major non-fatal pulmonary events was 145/1000 py (120-168). The risk of a non-fatal pulmonary complication increased non-significantly with 7% for every 10 beats/minute increase in resting heart rate (adjusted HR: 1.07 [0.96-1.18], p = 0.208). Conclusions: Increased resting heart rate is a strong and independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in elderly patients with COPD. An increased resting heart rate did not result in an increased risk of exacerbations or pneumonia. This may indicate that the increased mortality risk of COPD is related to non-pulmonary causes. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate whether heart-rate lowering agents are worthwhile for COPD patients. © 2014 Warnier et al

Warnier, Miriam J.

Rutten, Frans H.

De Boer, Anthonius

Hoes, Arno W.

De Bruin, Marie L.

Utrecht University Repository

Resting heart rate is a risk factor for mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but not for exacerbations or pneumonia

<div>BackgroundAlthough it is known that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) generally do have an increased heart rate, the effects on both mortality and non-fatal pulmonary complications are unclear. We assessed whether heart rate is associated with all-cause mortality, and non-fatal pulmonary endpoints.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 405 elderly patients with COPD was performed. All patients underwent extensive investigations, including electrocardiography. Follow-up data on mortality were obtained by linking the cohort to the Dutch National Cause of Death Register and information on complications (exacerbation of COPD or pneumonia) by scrutinizing patient files of general practitioners. Multivariable cox regression analysis was performed.ResultsDuring the follow-up 132 (33%) patients died. The overall mortality rate was 50/1000 py (42–59). The major causes of death were cardiovascular and respiratory. The relative risk of all-cause mortality increased with 21% for every 10 beats/minute increase in heart rate (adjusted HR: 1.21 [1.07–1.36], p = 0.002). The incidence of major non-fatal pulmonary events was 145/1000 py (120–168). The risk of a non-fatal pulmonary complication increased non-significantly with 7% for every 10 beats/minute increase in resting heart rate (adjusted HR: 1.07 [0.96–1.18], p = 0.208).ConclusionsIncreased resting heart rate is a strong and independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in elderly patients with COPD. An increased resting heart rate did not result in an increased risk of exacerbations or pneumonia. This may indicate that the increased mortality risk of COPD is related to non-pulmonary causes. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate whether heart-rate lowering agents are worthwhile for COPD patients.</div

Miriam J. Warnier (621625)

Frans H. Rutten (423928)

Anthonius de Boer (179500)

Arno W. Hoes (360331)

Marie L. De Bruin (391653)

FigShare

Resting Heart Rate Is a Risk Factor for Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, but Not for Exacerbations or Pneumonia

BACKGROUND: Although it is known that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) generally do have an increased heart rate, the effects on both mortality and non-fatal pulmonary complications are unclear. We assessed whether heart rate is associated with all-cause mortality, and non-fatal pulmonary endpoints. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 405 elderly patients with COPD was performed. All patients underwent extensive investigations, including electrocardiography. Follow-up data on mortality were obtained by linking the cohort to the Dutch National Cause of Death Register and information on complications (exacerbation of COPD or pneumonia) by scrutinizing patient files of general practitioners. Multivariable cox regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: During the follow-up 132 (33%) patients died. The overall mortality rate was 50/1000 py (42-59). The major causes of death were cardiovascular and respiratory. The relative risk of all-cause mortality increased with 21% for every 10 beats/minute increase in heart rate (adjusted HR: 1.21 [1.07-1.36], p = 0.002). The incidence of major non-fatal pulmonary events was 145/1000 py (120-168). The risk of a non-fatal pulmonary complication increased non-significantly with 7% for every 10 beats/minute increase in resting heart rate (adjusted HR: 1.07 [0.96-1.18], p = 0.208). CONCLUSIONS: Increased resting heart rate is a strong and independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in elderly patients with COPD. An increased resting heart rate did not result in an increased risk of exacerbations or pneumonia. This may indicate that the increased mortality risk of COPD is related to non-pulmonary causes. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate whether heart-rate lowering agents are worthwhile for COPD patients

Miriam J Warnier

Frans H Rutten

Arno W Hoes

Marie L De Bruin

Directory of Open Access Journals

PLoS ONE

Resting heart rate is a risk factor for mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but not for exacerbations or pneumonia.

Dep Farmaceutische wetenschappen

Sub Pharmacotherapy, Theoretical

Sub Gen. Pharmacoepi and Clinical Pharm

Sub Pharmacoepidemiology

Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology

NARCIS 

Korycka, A.

Наукова електронна бібліотека періодичних видань НАН України (Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine)