Aspectos socioeconômicos do município de Botuporã - Bahia e sua inserção no contexto do desenvolvimento baiano

El presente artículo, objetiva analizar la inserción de Botuporã en el contexto del desarrollo económico bahiano. Para ello, se hace, brevemente, una discusión teórica sobre el desarrollo desigual y combinado del espacio, para comprender el papel de las consideradas “pequenas” ciudades y, más específicamente, de ese municipio en el proceso general de la acumulación capitalista. La ciudad de Botuporã ubicada en el territorio de identidad de la Cuenca del Paramirim posee una agricultura que se basa en la policultura de maíz, frijoles y mandioca y en la cría de bovinos y aves, una actividad comercial incipiente, y un sector de servicios que tiene en el Ayuntamiento Municipal su principal promotor. Sin embargo, estas condiciones aliadas a las estrategias generales del desarrollo desigual y combinado del espacio, no excluye el municipio del contexto general del desarrollo bahiano.O presente artigo, objetiva analisar a inserção de Botuporã no contexto do desenvolvimento econômico baiano. Para tanto, faz-se, brevemente, uma discussão teórica sobre o desenvolvimento desigual e combinado do espaço, para compreender o papel das consideradas “pequenas” cidades e, mais incipienteespecificamente, desse município no processo geral da acumulação capitalista. A cidade de Botuporã localizada no território de identidade da Bacia do Paramirim possui uma agricultura que se baseia na policultura de milho, feijão e mandioca e na criação de bovinos e aves, uma atividade comercial incipiente, e um setor de serviços que tem na Prefeitura Municipal o seu principal promotor. Entretanto, estas condições, aliadas às estratégias gerais do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado do espaço, não exclui o município do contexto geral do desenvolvimento baiano Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento desigual e combinado. Ecomonia. Cidades.This article aims to analyze the insertion of Botuporã in the context of Bahian economic development. For this, a theoretical discussion about the uneven and combined development of space is made, to understand the role of “small” cities and, more specifically, of that municipality in the general process of capitalist accumulation. The city of Botuporã located in the territory of identity of the Basin of  the Paramirim basin has an agriculture that is based on the polycuture of corn, beans and cassava and on the breeding of cattle and birds an insipient commercial activity and a service sector that has in the City Hall its main promoter. However, these conditions, combined with the general strategies of the unequal and combined development of space, do not exclude the municipality from the general context of Bahian developmen

Iron availability in food mixtures including foods with high vitamin C and cysteine contents

A disponibilidade do ferro é fator importante na dieta, pois a anemia ferropriva atinge grande parte da população mundial. A cisteína e a vitamina C são fatores que melhoram sua absorção. A pesquisa teve por objetivos avaliar a disponibilidade de ferro em carne, feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) e a combinação de arroz e tomate ao feijão, bem como analisar se o ácido fítico, o ácido oxálico e os taninos das combinações contendo feijão influenciam na disponibilidade de ferro de forma significativa. Os alimentos foram preparados para consumo e as amostras obtidas com a combinação de carne, feijão, arroz e tomate foram: A1 - carne bovina; A2 - feijão comum; A3 - feijão comum e tomate; A4 - feijão comum e arroz; e A5 - feijão comum, arroz e tomate. Foram realizadas as análises de taninos, ácido fítico, ácido oxálico, vitamina C e teor e diálise de ferro in vitro. Os teores de taninos, ácido fítico e ácido oxálico foram baixos para influenciar a disponibilidade do ferro. A diálise de 5,73 a 13,61% indicando que a adição de cisteína e vitamina C em conjunto tem efeito maior do que quando presentes separadamente.Iron availability is an important factor in the diet because iron deficiency anemia affects many people in the world. Cysteine and vitamin C are factors that increase its absorption. The research had the objectives of evaluating iron availability in meat, common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the combination of rice and tomato with beans and to analyze if phytic acid, oxalic acid and tannins in the mixtures with beans affect iron availability significantly. The food was prepared as for consumption and the samples obtained by combining meat, beans, rice and tomato were: A1- meat; A2 - common beans; A3 - common beans and tomato; A4 - common beans and rice; and A5 - common beans, rice and tomato. Analyses of tannin, phytic acid, oxalic acid, and vitamin C contents and of in vitro iron content and dialysis were carried out. Low amounts of tannins, phytic acid and oxalic acid were found and they did not influence iron availability. Percentages from 5.73to13.61% dialysis were found, indicating that the combined addition of cysteine and vitamin C has an increased effect compared to when they are present separately

Chemical change in soybean grains with germination

A soja apresenta importância comercial e nutricional, embora apresente fatores que possam diminuir o aproveitamento de nutrientes. A germinação tem efeito positivo na melhora nutricional do grão, pois ocorrem mudanças, as quais variam dependendo do tipo do vegetal, da variedade da semente e das condições da germinação. O trabalho teve por objetivo analisar grãos de soja antes e após germinação de 48 horas. Para isso foram quantificados: composição centesimal, inibidores de tripsina, ácido fítico, taninos, fenólicos totais, teor de ferro, disponibilidade de ferro in vitro, digestibilidade da proteína e atividade antioxidante (pelos métodos DPPH e ABTS). A germinação apresentou efeito na composição química e disponibilidade de proteínas e de ferro. Em relação aos teores de taninos, carboidratos disponíveis e atividade antioxidante pelos métodos DPPH e ABTS, houve redução significativa. O processo de germinação promoveu aumento do teor de umidade, lipídio, proteína, fibra solúvel, digestibilidade in vitro de proteína e fenólicos totais. Não apresentou diferença estatística para os teores de cinzas, fibra insolúvel, disponibilidade e teor de ferro, ácido fítico e atividade inibitória de tripsina. Apesar do período curto de germinação utilizado (48 horas) ocorreram mudanças em sua composição que foram satisfatórias, proporcionando aumento da qualidade nutricional.Soybeans present commercial and nutritional importance, but they contain some components that decrease the availability of some nutrients. Germination has a positive effect on the increase of the nutritional quality of the grain due to the changes that occur in the process because of the difference in vegetable kind, variety of seed, and the germination conditions. The objective of this research was to analyze soybean grains before and after 48 hours germination. Centesimal composition, tripsin inhibitor, phytic acid, tannins, total phenolics, availability and amount of in vitro iron, in vitro protein digestibility and antioxidant activity analysis by DPPH and ABTS were performed. The germination process altered the chemical composition of the grain and the iron and protein availability. The results showed that germination reduced tannins, available carbohydrates, and the antioxidant activities by DPPH and ABTS methods. The germination process increased the moisture, lipid, protein, soluble fiber, in vitro protein digestibility, and total phenolics of the grain. Germination did not alter significantly the content of ash, insoluble fiber, amount of iron and its availability, phytic acid, and tripsin inhibitor. Although germination time was low, changes occurred in the grain composition promoting increase in the nutritional quality

Influence of natural and synthetic carotenoids on the color of egg yolk

Carotenoids are incorporated into the diet of laying hens in order to modify the yolk color. A natural source of carotenoids in tropical countries is annatto, which could be used in the diets of hens. This study aimed to evaluate the addition of natural (annatto) and synthetic carotenoids to the diet of laying hens (commercial and alternative) and their effects on yolk color and consumer sensory perception of fresh and stored eggs obtained from two different preparations (boiled and fried). Physicochemical analysis of proximate composition, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), emulsion activity and instrumental color were performed. Cooking caused significant alterations to the moisture in the preparations and this may have directly affected the color intensity, influencing factors related to egg appearance. In this study, 85 % of the panelists indicated that yolk color is an important attribute of the product’s quality. There was no antioxidant effect of the carotenoids in raw eggs. Synthetic additives should be better dosed to obtain the desired effect. Storage did not alter the proximate composition of the eggs

Optimisation of the post-harvest conditions to produce chocolate aroma from jackfruit seeds

Jackfruit seeds are an under-utilized waste in many tropical countries. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of roasted jackfruit seeds to develop chocolate aroma. Twenty-seven different roasted jackfruit seed flours were produced from local jackfruit by acidifying or fermenting the seeds prior to drying, and roasting under different time/temperature combinations. The chocolate aroma of groups of four flours were ranked by a sensory panel (n=162) and response surface methodology was used to identify optimum conditions. The results indicated a significant and positive influence of fermentation and acidification on the production of chocolate aroma. SPME/GC-MS of the flours showed that important aroma compounds such as 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine and 2-phenylethyl acetate were substantially higher in the fermented product, and that the more severe roasting conditions produced 2-3 times more 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine, but less 3-methylbutanal. Moisture, aw, pH, luminosity and color were also monitored to ensure that these properties were similar to cocoa powder or cocoa substitutes

Brazilian congresses - bridges to freedom and nursing transformation

This study concerns the comprehension of the converging points in Brazilian Nursing Congresses as well as of their contribution to the production of nursing knowledge. The investigation method used was that of historical research with a documental analysis of the Proceedings of Brazilian Nursing Congresses from 1977 to 1987. The main converging points appearing in the lecturers' speeches refer to: higher and secondary education; nursing care; healthcare policies; the image of nurses and its transformation over the years.El estudio trata sobre la comprensión de los puntos de convergencias en los Congresos Brasileños de Enfermería y la forma como se presentan, contribuyendo para la producción del conocimiento en Enfermería. El método de investigación utilizado fue la pesquisa histórica, con análisis documental de las publicaciones de los Congresos Brasileños de Enfermería en el período de 1977 a 1987. Los principales puntos de convergencia presentes en los discursos de los conferencistas se relacionan con: educación superior y de nivel medio; atención de enfermería clínica y de salud pública; políticas de salud y la imagen de la enfermera/o y sus transformaciones a lo largo de los años.O estudo trata da compreensão dos pontos de convergências dos Congressos Brasileiros de Enfermagem e a forma como se apresentam na produção do conhecimento em Enfermagem. O método de investigação utilizado é a pesquisa histórica, com análise documental dos Anais dos Congressos Brasileiros de Enfermagem no período de 1977 a 1987. Os principais pontos de convergência presentes nos discursos dos palestrantes referem-se a: educação superior e de nível médio; assistência de enfermagem hospitalar e de saúde pública; políticas de saúde e; a imagem da/o enfermeira/o e suas transformações ao longo dos anos

Imagem e identidade profissional na construção do conhecimento em enfermagem

Based on a historic qualitative study using documental analysis, we searched dispersions in the construction of knowledge in articles published in the Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem (Proceedings of the Brazilian Nursing Congress) from 1977 through 1987. Dispersions emerged as categories that repeated themselves as subjects of note or as small punctuations. Our analysis converged into two main categories: professional image and professional identity. These categories took the shape of a complex and dynamic network, in which there were two explicit sub-categories: professional status and professional role.Con base en un estudio cualitativo, de tipo histórico, a través del análisis documental, procuramos evidenciar las dispersiones en la construción del conocimiento, a partir de los anales del Congreso Brasileño de Enfermería, en lo período de 1977 a 1987. Las dispersiones emergieron como categorías que se repitieron como temas de destaque o como pequeñas puntuaciones. Nuestra análisis convergió hacia dos categorías centrales: imagen profesional e identidad profesional. Estas categorías se configuraron en una red compleja, dinámica, en la cual se destacan las subcategorías: status profesional y papel profesional.Com base em um estudo qualitativo, do tipo histórico, utilizando a análise documental, procuramos identificar as dispersões na construção do conhecimento, a partir dos Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem, no período de 1977 a 1987. As dispersões emergiram enquanto categorias que se repetiram como temas de destaque ou como pequenas pontuações. Nossa análise convergiu para duas categorias centrais: imagem profissional e identidade profissional. Essas categorias configuraram-se em uma rede complexa, dinâmica, na qual se destacaram as subcategorias: status profissional e o papel profissional

Alcoolismo e a produção científica da enfermagem brasileira: uma análise de 10 anos

Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental cujo objetivo foi refletir sobre o alcoolismo como objeto de conhecimento da enfermagem brasileira, a partir das teses e dissertações publicadas sobre a temática no período de 1977 a 2007. A fonte de pesquisa foi o Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem aonde foram identificados 43 estudos. A análise dos dados teve duas etapas: primeiro, realizou-se uma caracterização dos trabalhos, posteriormente, organizou-se o material a partir dos dados evidentes nos estudos, originando as seguintes categorias temáticas: o imaginário sobre o alcoolista; o álcool e o adolescente; o tratamento do alcoolismo; e alcoolismo feminino. Constatou-se que os estudos propiciaram apreender os aspectos do contexto psicossocial, tão importantes e necessários no sentido de se olhar mais atentamente a prática assistencial que se presta ao alcoolista nos serviços de saúde do Brasil. Descritores: Pesquisa em enfermagem; Álcool; Drogas; Alcoolismo

Biomonitoration of areas producing ceramic manufactures in two municipalities of the south of Brazil

Industrial and urban development, together with population growth, has contributed to the increase of atmospheric pollution, and causes the air of urban centers to present more and more substances that are harmful to living beings. In southern Santa Catarina, Morro da Fumaça and Sangão are the highlights in the production of red ceramics (bricks and tiles), these industries use combustion processes for the manufacture of their product and releases air pollutants.The exposure period of the organism was from June to October 2015, at Points A and B in Morro da Fumaça and C, D and E in Sangão. Collections of the young inflorescences of the exposed plants were carried out weekly. After collection, inflorescences were fixed in ethanol / glacial acetic acid solution (3: 1) for 24 hours, transferred to 70% ethanol solution and stored under refrigeration. These were submitted to staining with acetic carmine and the number of micronuclei in 300 tetrads was quantified for each inflorescence, and blades with 5 inflorescences / week were made for each point studied. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and median and range. In the present study it can be verified that the bioindicator Tradescantia pallida shows to be a highly sensitive plant and an excellent test organism, considered an essential tool in the biomonitoring of polluted environments. The results show that in the month of August, the frequency of micronuclei was significantly higher in the plants of the sampling points

Influence of natural and synthetic carotenoids on the color of egg yolk

ABSTRACT Carotenoids are incorporated into the diet of laying hens in order to modify the yolk color. A natural source of carotenoids in tropical countries is annatto, which could be used in the diets of hens. This study aimed to evaluate the addition of natural (annatto) and synthetic carotenoids to the diet of laying hens (commercial and alternative) and their effects on yolk color and consumer sensory perception of fresh and stored eggs obtained from two different preparations (boiled and fried). Physicochemical analysis of proximate composition, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), emulsion activity and instrumental color were performed. Cooking caused significant alterations to the moisture in the preparations and this may have directly affected the color intensity, influencing factors related to egg appearance. In this study, 85 % of the panelists indicated that yolk color is an important attribute of the product’s quality. There was no antioxidant effect of the carotenoids in raw eggs. Synthetic additives should be better dosed to obtain the desired effect. Storage did not alter the proximate composition of the eggs