A review on the most important medicinal herbs native to Iran with anti-acetaminophen toxicity

Acetaminophen is an analgesic and anti- fever drug, which can be toxic in high doses and leads to hepatic and renal injury. Acetaminophen poisoning can cause many complications and injuries in the body including vomiting, diarrhea, malaise, shock, jaundice, and liver failure and in some cases will lead to myocardial and kidney damage. Against all toxic and destructive effects of drugs like acetaminophen, some compounds are found that can partially restrain poisoning of abuse such compounds. In this review article, medicinal plants native to Iran have been reported, which are used to protect acetaminophen toxicity. In this review study, searching the articles with key words such as acetaminophen, hepatotoxicity, herbs, extracts, and essential oils were used. Searching the articles was conducted through databases of income in Iran like Google Scholar, ISI January, MegaIran, and a number of other databases. Medicinal plants including green tea, turmeric, cress, dandelion, and capers are the most important medicinal plants against the toxicity of acetaminophen. It seems that pharmacological bioactive and antioxidants substances obtaining from plant and biological materials are anti- acetaminophen poisoning. © 2009-2016, JGPT

Impact of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian lipid profile and fasting blood sugar in hyperlipidemia patients.

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Each type of medication works differently and has different types of side effects. Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties that help reducing the cardiovascular risk factors. Kelussia odoratissima is a flavonoid containing plant. Objectives: The aim of this study was investigating the effect of this herb on lipid and glucose profile in hyperlipidemia patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study performed on 61 hyperlipidemia patients. They assigned in control and intervention groups. The control group received 40 mg/day of lovastatin and intervention group received 40 mg/day of Lovastatin plus 2 g/day powder of Kelussia odoratissima. Before, two weeks and 1 month after the beginning of the study, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were measured. Data were analyzed by variance analysis with repeated measures, chi-square and t tests. Results: The reduction rate of cholesterol, TG, VLDL-C and LDL-C was similar in the control and intervention groups. The HDL-C rate was higher in intervention group compared to control group (P 0.05). The mean of FBS did not change between and within groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Kelussia odoratissima did not have a desirable effect on serum lipid profile and FBS in hyperlipidemic patients that use lovastatin, but is able to increase HDL-C significantly

Superconducting qubit to optical photon transduction

Conversion of electrical and optical signals lies at the foundation of the global internet. Such converters are used to extend the reach of long-haul fibre-optic communication systems and within data centres for high-speed optical networking of computers. Likewise, coherent microwave-to-optical conversion of single photons would enable the exchange of quantum states between remotely connected superconducting quantum processors1. Despite the prospects of quantum networking, maintaining the fragile quantum state in such a conversion process with superconducting qubits has not yet been achieved. Here we demonstrate the conversion of a microwave-frequency excitation of a transmon—a type of superconducting qubit—into an optical photon. We achieve this by using an intermediary nanomechanical resonator that converts the electrical excitation of the qubit into a single phonon by means of a piezoelectric interaction and subsequently converts the phonon to an optical photon by means of radiation pressure. We demonstrate optical photon generation from the qubit by recording quantum Rabi oscillations of the qubit through single-photon detection of the emitted light over an optical fibre. With proposed improvements in the device and external measurement set-up, such quantum transducers might be used to realize new hybrid quantum networks and, ultimately, distributed quantum computers

Superconducting metamaterials for waveguide quantum electrodynamics

The embedding of tunable quantum emitters in a photonic bandgap structure enables the control of dissipative and dispersive interactions between emitters and their photonic bath. Operation in the transmission band, outside the gap, allows for studying waveguide quantum electrodynamics in the slow-light regime. Alternatively, tuning the emitter into the bandgap results in finite range emitter-emitter interactions via bound photonic states. Here we couple a transmon qubit to a superconducting metamaterial with a deep sub-wavelength lattice constant ($\lambda/60$). The metamaterial is formed by periodically loading a transmission line with compact, low loss, low disorder lumped element microwave resonators. We probe the coherent and dissipative dynamics of the system by measuring the Lamb shift and the change in the lifetime of the transmon qubit. Tuning the qubit frequency in the vicinity of a band-edge with a group index of $n_g = 450$, we observe an anomalous Lamb shift of 10 MHz accompanied by a 24-fold enhancement in the qubit lifetime. In addition, we demonstrate selective enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous emission of different transmon transitions, which provide simultaneous access to long-lived metastable qubit states and states strongly coupled to propagating waveguide modes.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

Efficiency of treatment with vitamin D on biochemical indexes, lipid profile, and fatty liver indexes in type 2 diabetic patients with vitamin D deficiency and nonalcoholic fatty liver

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and non alcoholic fatty liver has been recently on rise in worldwide. This study was conducted to explore the association between vitamin D deficiency and incidence of fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes patients and also to examine the efficacy of treatment with vitamin D in type 2 diabetes patients with vitamin D deficiency and non alcoholic fatty liver referring a specialty clinic in Shahrekord. In the first step (cross-sectional phase) of this two-step study, 108 patients with type 2 diabetes were examined for vitamin D level, biochemical indexes, lipid profile, and fatty liver indexes. In the second step (clinical trial phase), individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver and vitamin D deficiency as treatment group underwent treatment with 50000 vitamin D units a week for 12 weeks. 3.96% of patients had fatty liver and 1.61% of patients had vitamin D deficiency of different severities. There was no significant association found between vitamin D deficiency and presence or severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver in patients (P > 0.05). Treatment with vitamin D had no significant effect on biochemical indices, liver function, fasting blood sugar, and hemoglobin A1c (P > 0.05), but serum level of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) decreased in treatment patients compared to control group (P < 0.001). No significant association was found between vitamin D deficiency and presence or severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver; but treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with vitamin D supplementation decreased the serum level of cholesterol and LDL

Quantum electromechanics of a hypersonic crystal

Radiation pressure within engineered structures has recently been used to couple the motion of nanomechanical objects with high sensitivity to optical and microwave electromagnetic fields. Here, we demonstrate a form of electromechanical crystal for coupling microwave photons and hypersonic phonons by embedding the vacuum-gap capacitor of a superconducting resonator within a phononic crystal acoustic cavity. Utilizing a two-photon resonance condition for efficient microwave pumping and a phononic bandgap shield to eliminate acoustic radiation, we demonstrate large cooperative coupling ($C \approx 30$) between a pair of electrical resonances at $10$GHz and an acoustic resonance at $0.425$GHz. Electrical read-out of the phonon occupancy shows that the hypersonic acoustic mode has an intrinsic energy decay time of $2.3$ms and thermalizes close to its quantum ground-state of motion (occupancy $1.5$) at a fridge temperature of $10$mK. Such an electromechanical transducer is envisioned as part of a hybrid quantum circuit architecture, capable of interfacing to both superconducting qubits and optical photons.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 8 appendice

Effects of Sesamum indicum L. on fibrinogen and factor 7 in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

زمینه و هدف: فعالیت بیش از حد فاکتورهای هموستاتیک به عنوان عوامل خطر در بیماری های قلبی-عروقی شناخته شده اند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر کنجد و روغن کنجد بر میزان فیبرینوژن و فاکتور 7 در خرگوش های مصرف کننده کلسترول بالا بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی تعداد 32 سر خرگوش نر به طور تصادفی به چهار گروه آزمایشی هشت تایی تقسیم شدند. طی یک دوره 60 روزه، گروه اول غذای معمولی، گروه دوم غذای پر کلسترول (1)، گروه سوم غذای پر کلسترول به همراه کنجد (10) و گروه چهارم غذای پر کلسترول به همراه روغن کنجد (5) دریافت نمودند. میزان فاکتور هفت و فیبرینوژن سرم در زمان قبل از شروع آزمایش و بعد از پایان ماه دوم تعیین و در گروه های مختلف به کمک آزمون های آماری ANOVA و شفه با یکدیگر مقایسه شدند. یافته ها: در ابتدای دوره میانگین فاکتورهای بیوشیمیایی در بین گروههای مورد مطالعه تفاوت معنی داری نداشتند ولی میزان فیبرینوژن در گروه پرکلسترول نسبت به رژیم پایه افزایش معنی داری پیدا کرد (05/0

Superconducting metamaterials for waveguide quantum electrodynamics

Embedding tunable quantum emitters in a photonic bandgap structure enables control of dissipative and dispersive interactions between emitters and their photonic bath. Operation in the transmission band, outside the gap, allows for studying waveguide quantum electrodynamics in the slow-light regime. Alternatively, tuning the emitter into the bandgap results in finite-range emitter–emitter interactions via bound photonic states. Here, we couple a transmon qubit to a superconducting metamaterial with a deep sub-wavelength lattice constant (λ/60). The metamaterial is formed by periodically loading a transmission line with compact, low-loss, low-disorder lumped-element microwave resonators. Tuning the qubit frequency in the vicinity of a band-edge with a group index of n_g = 450, we observe an anomalous Lamb shift of −28 MHz accompanied by a 24-fold enhancement in the qubit lifetime. In addition, we demonstrate selective enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous emission of different transmon transitions, which provide simultaneous access to short-lived radiatively damped and long-lived metastable qubit states