215 research outputs found

    4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

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    Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas

    Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

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    Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

    Ilustración del proceso constructivo de vías primarias, secundarias y terciarias basado en las especificaciones técnicas de construcción de carreteras del Instituto Nacional de vías (INVIAS)

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    : figuras, tablas ; 28 cmEsta cartilla metodológica describe a través de ilustraciones el proceso constructivo de vías primarias, secundarias y terciarias, basado en las especificaciones técnicas de construcción de carreteras del Instituto Nacional de Vías (INVIAS)PregradoIngeniero CivilIngeniería Civi

    Mediterranean diet and quality of life: Baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-PLUS trial

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    We assessed if a 17-item score capturing adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was associated with better health-related quality of life among older Spanish men and women with overweight or obesity harboring the metabolic syndrome. We analyzed baseline data from 6430 men and women (age 55-70 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus study. PREDIMED-Plus is a multi-centre randomized trial testing an energy-restricted MedDiet combined with promotion of physical activity and behavioral therapy for primary cardiovascular prevention compared to a MedDiet alone. Participants answered a 36-item questionnaire about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and a 17-item questionnaire that assessed adherence to an MedDiet. We used ANCOVA and multivariable-adjusted linear regression models to compare baseline adjusted means of the quality of life scales according to categories of adherence to the MedDiet. Higher adherence to the MedDiet was independently associated with significantly better scores in the eight dimensions of HRQoL. Adjusted differences of > = 3 points between the highest and the lowest dietary adherence groups to the MedDiet were observed for vitality, emotional role, and mental health and of > = 2 points for the other dimensions. In conclusion, this study shows a positive association between adherence to a MedDiet and several dimensions of quality of life

    Mediterranean diet and quality of life: Baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-PLUS trial

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    We assessed if a 17-item score capturing adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was associated with better health-related quality of life among older Spanish men and women with overweight or obesity harboring the metabolic syndrome. We analyzed baseline data from 6430 men and women (age 55-70 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus study. PREDIMED-Plus is a multi-centre randomized trial testing an energy-restricted MedDiet combined with promotion of physical activity and behavioral therapy for primary cardiovascular prevention compared to a MedDiet alone. Participants answered a 36-item questionnaire about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and a 17-item questionnaire that assessed adherence to an MedDiet. We used ANCOVA and multivariable-adjusted linear regression models to compare baseline adjusted means of the quality of life scales according to categories of adherence to the MedDiet. Higher adherence to the MedDiet was independently associated with significantly better scores in the eight dimensions of HRQoL. Adjusted differences of > = 3 points between the highest and the lowest dietary adherence groups to the MedDiet were observed for vitality, emotional role, and mental health and of > = 2 points for the other dimensions. In conclusion, this study shows a positive association between adherence to a MedDiet and several dimensions of quality of life

    Colombian surgical outcomes study insights on perioperative mortality rate, a main indicator of the lancet commission on global surgery – a prospective cohort studyResearch in context

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    Summary: Background: Surgical care holds significant importance in healthcare, especially in low and middle-income countries, as at least 50% of the 4.2 million deaths within the initial 30 days following surgery take place in these countries. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed six indicators to enhance surgical care. In Colombia, studies have been made using secondary data. However, strategies to reduce perioperative mortality have not been implemented. This study aims to describe the fourth indicator, perioperative mortality rate (POMR), with primary data in Colombia. Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted across 54 centres (hospitals) in Colombia. Each centre selected a 7-day recruitment period between 05/2022 and 01/2023. Inclusion criteria involved patients over 18 years of age undergoing surgical procedures in operating rooms. Data quality was ensured through a verification guideline and statistical analysis using mixed-effects multilevel modelling with a case mix analysis of mortality by procedure-related, patient-related, and hospital-related conditions. Findings: 3807 patients were included with a median age of 48 (IQR 32–64), 80.3% were classified as ASA I or II, and 27% of the procedures had a low-surgical complexity. Leading procedures were Orthopedics (19.2%) and Gynaecology/Obstetrics (17.7%). According to the Clavien–Dindo scale, postoperative complications were distributed in major complications (11.7%, 10.68–12.76) and any complication (31.6%, 30.09–33.07). POMR stood at 1.9% (1.48–2.37), with elective and emergency surgery mortalities at 0.7% (0.40–1.23) and 3% (2.3–3.89) respectively. Interpretation: The POMR was higher than the ratio reported in previous national studies, even when patients had a low–risk profile and low-complexity procedures. The present research represents significant public health progress with valuable insights for national decision-makers to improve the quality of surgical care. Funding: This work was supported by Universidad del Rosario and Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología grant number CTO-057-2021, project-ID IV-FGV017

    Probing the nature of the χc1(3872)\chi_{c1}(3872) state using radiative decays

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    International audienceThe radiative decays χc1(3872)ψ(2S)γ\chi_{c1}(3872)\rightarrow\psi(2S)\gamma and χc1(3872)J/ψγ\chi_{c1}(3872)\rightarrow J/\psi\gamma are used to probe the~nature of the~χc1(3872)\chi_{c1}(3872) state using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an~integrated luminosity of~9fb1^{-1}. Using the~B+χc1(3872)K+B^+\rightarrow \chi_{c1}(3872)K^+decay, the χc1(3872)ψ(2S)γ\chi_{c1}(3872)\rightarrow \psi(2S)\gamma process is observed for the first time and the ratio of its partial width to that of the χc1(3872)J/ψγ\chi_{c1}(3872)\rightarrow J/\psi\gamma decay is measured to be Γχc1(3872)ψ(2S)γΓχc1(3872)J/ψγ=1.67±0.21±0.12±0.04, \frac{\Gamma_{\chi_{c1}(3872)\rightarrow \psi(2S)\gamma}} {\Gamma_{\chi_{c1}(3872)\rightarrow J/\psi\gamma}} = 1.67 \pm 0.21 \pm 0.12 \pm0.04 , where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third is due to the uncertainties on the branching fractions of the ψ(2S)\psi(2S) and J/ψJ/\psi mesons. The measured ratio makes the interpretation of the χc1(3872)\chi_{c1}(3872) state as a~pure D0Dˉ0+Dˉ0D0D^0\bar{D}^{*0}+\bar{D}^0D^{*0} molecule questionable and strongly indicates a sizeable compact charmonium or tetraquark component within the χc1(3872)\chi_{c1}(3872) state

    Amplitude analysis of B+ψ(2S)K+π+πB^+ \to \psi(2S) K^+ \pi^+ \pi^- decays

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    International audienceThe first full amplitude analysis of B+ψ(2S)K+π+πB^+ \to \psi(2S) K^+ \pi^+ \pi^- decays is performed using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9fb19\,\text{fb}^{-1} recorded with the LHCb detector. The rich K+π+πK^+ \pi^+ \pi^- spectrum is studied and the branching fractions of the resonant substructure associated with the prominent K1(1270)+K_1(1270)^+ contribution are measured. The data cannot be described by conventional strange and charmonium resonances only. An amplitude model with 53 components is developed comprising 11 hidden-charm exotic hadrons. New production mechanisms for charged charmonium-like states are observed. Significant resonant activity with spin-parity JP=1+J^P = 1^+ in the ψ(2S)π+\psi(2S) \pi^+ system is confirmed and a multi-pole structure is demonstrated. The spectral decomposition of the ψ(2S)π+π\psi(2S) \pi^+ \pi^- invariant-mass structure, dominated by X0ψ(2S)ρ(770)0X^0 \to \psi(2S) \rho(770)^0 decays, broadly resembles the J/ψϕJ/\psi \phi spectrum observed in B+J/ψϕK+B^+ \to J/\psi \phi K^+ decays. Exotic ψ(2S)K+π\psi(2S) K^+ \pi^- resonances are observed for the first time

    Study of the rare decay J ⁣/ψμ+μμ+μJ\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2mu\psi \to \mu^+\mu^-\mu^+\mu^-

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    The rare electromagnetic J ⁣/ψμ+μμ+μJ\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2mu\psi \to \mu^+\mu^-\mu^+\mu^- decay is observed with a significance greatly exceeding the discovery threshold, using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment during 2016--2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4fb15.4\,\text{fb}^{-1}. The rate of this decay is measured relative to that of the J ⁣/ψμ+μJ\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2mu\psi \to \mu^+\mu^- mode. Using the QED model for the four-muon decay in the efficiency estimation, its branching fraction is determined to be \begin{equation*} {\mathcal{B}}(J\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2mu\psi \to \mu^+\mu^-\mu^+\mu^-) = (1.13\pm0.10\pm0.05\pm0.01)\times 10^{-6}, \end{equation*} where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic and due to the uncertainty on the branching fraction of the J ⁣/ψμ+μJ\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2mu\psi \to \mu^+\mu^- decay.The rare electromagnetic J/ψμ+μμ+μJ/\psi \to \mu^+\mu^-\mu^+\mu^- decay is observed with a significance greatly exceeding the discovery threshold, using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment during 2016-2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4fb15.4\,\text{fb}^{-1}. The rate of this decay is measured relative to that of the J/ψμ+μJ/\psi \to \mu^+\mu^- mode. Using the QED model for the four-muon decay in the efficiency estimation, its branching fraction is determined to be \begin{equation*} {\mathcal{B}}(J/\psi \to \mu^+\mu^-\mu^+\mu^-) = (1.13\pm0.10\pm0.05\pm0.01)\times 10^{-6}, \end{equation*} where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic and due to the uncertainty on the branching fraction of the J/ψμ+μJ/\psi \to \mu^+\mu^- decay
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