2,220 research outputs found
Relativistic r-modes and shear viscosity
We derive the relativistic equations for stellar perturbations, including in
a consistent way shear viscosity in the stress-energy tensor, and we
numerically integrate our equations in the case of large viscosity. We consider
the slow rotation approximation, and we neglect the coupling between polar and
axial perturbations. In our approach, the frequency and damping time of the
emitted gravitational radiation are directly obtained. We find that,
approaching the inviscid limit from the finite viscosity case, the continuous
spectrum is regularized. Constant density stars, polytropic stars, and stars
with realistic equations of state are considered. In the case of constant
density stars and polytropic stars, our results for the viscous damping times
agree, within a factor two, with the usual estimates obtained by using the
eigenfunctions of the inviscid limit. For realistic neutron stars, our
numerical results give viscous damping times with the same dependence on mass
and radius as previously estimated, but systematically larger of about 60%.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the Albert
Einstein Century International Conference, Paris, France, July 200
Anisotropic convection in rotating proto-neutron stars
We study the conditions for convective instability in rotating, non-magnetic
proto--neutron stars. The criteria that determine stability of nascent neutron
stars are analogous to the Solberg--Hoiland conditions but including the
presence of lepton gradients. Our results show that, for standard angular
velocity profiles, convectively unstable modes with wave-vectors parallel to
the rotation axis are suppressed by a stable angular momentum profile, while
unstable modes with wave-vectors perpendicular to the axis remain unaltered.
Since the wave-vector is perpendicular to the velocity perturbation, the
directional selection of the unstable modes may result in fluid motions along
the direction of the rotation axis. This occurs in rigidly rotating stars as
well as in the inner core of differentially rotating stars. Our results provide
a natural source of asymmetry for proto--neutron stars with the only
requirement that angular velocities be of the order of the convective
characteristic frequency.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, final version to appear in A&
L2 WRITING ANXIETY AND TEACHERâS COMMUNICATION BEHAVIOR AS PREDICTORS OF RESEARCH SELF-EFFICACY OF STUDENTS
The purpose of this study was to determine whether second language writing anxiety and teacherâ communication behavior significantly predict studentsâ research self-efficacy. The working group for the present study, in which quantitative descriptive-predictive design was employed, included 187 students enrolled in Research 1 and 2 subjects at UM Digos College. The participants answered adapted standard questionnaires to quantify which dimension/s of Second Language Writing Anxiety and Teacherâs Communication Behavior significantly predict/s research self-efficacy. The gathered data were interpreted using the mean in determining the central tendency and Pearson-r. Regression analysis was used to predict the value of research self-efficacy based on the value of writing anxiety and teachersâ communication behavior. The results revealed that the level of L2 writing anxiety of students is moderate. Likewise, the level of teacherâs communication behavior was revealed as high and the level of research self-efficacy is also high. The result also shows that there is no significant relationship between L2 writing anxiety and research self-efficacy but indicators of L2 writing anxiety posed a significant relationship with research self-efficacy while teachersâ communication behavior resulted in no significant relationship to research self-efficacy, but two indicators of TCB posed a significant relationship to RSE. The findings corroborated the four domains for SLWA and TCB, which are cognitive, somatic, challenging, and encouragement and praise; significantly predict research self-efficacy. The findings obtained in this study suggest that students look for ways to enhance their confidence in performing tasks related to research papers. Article visualizations
Energy versus information based estimations of dissipation using a pair of magnetic colloidal particles
Using the framework of stochastic thermodynamics, we present an experimental
study of a doublet of magnetic colloidal particles which is manipulated by a
time-dependent magnetic field. Due to hydrodynamic interactions, each bead
experiences a state-dependent friction, which we characterize using a
hydrodynamic model. In this work, we compare two estimates of the dissipation
in this system: the first one is energy based since it relies on the measured
interaction potential, while the second one is information based since it uses
only the information content of the trajectories. While the latter only offers
a lower bound of the former, we find it to be simple to implement and of
general applicability to more complex systems.Comment: Main text: 5 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary material: 5 pages, 5
figure
Protoneutron star dynamos and pulsar magnetism
We have investigated the turbulent mean-field dynamo action in protoneutron
stars that are subject to convective and neutron finger instabilities during
the early evolutionary phase. While the first one develops mostly in the inner
regions of the star, the second one is favored in the outer regions, where the
Rossby number is much smaller and a mean-field dynamo action is more efficient.
By solving the mean-field induction equation we have computed the critical spin
period below which no dynamo action is possible and found it to be s
for a wide range of stellar models and for both axisymmetric and
non-axisymmetric magnetic fields. Because this critical period is substantially
longer than the characteristic spin period of very young pulsars, we expect
that a mean-field dynamo will be effective for most protoneutron stars. The
saturation dipole field estimated by making use of the model of ``global''
quenching fits well the pulsar magnetic fields inferred from the spin-down
data. Apart from the large scale magnetic field, our model predicts also a
generation of small scale fields which are typically stronger than the poloidal
field and can survive during the lifetime of pulsars. Extremely rapidly
rotating protoneutron stars ( ms) may have the dipole field G.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, to appear on A&
Hydromagnetic instabilities in protoneutron stars
The stability properties of newly born neutron stars, or proto--neutron
stars, are considered. We take into account dissipative processes, such as
neutrino transport and viscosity, in the presence of a magnetic field. In order
to find the regions of the star subject to different sorts of instability, we
derive the general instability criteria and apply it to evolutionary models of
PNSs. The influence of the magnetic field on instabilities is analyzed and the
critical magnetic field stabilizing the star is obtained. In the light of our
results, we estimate of the maximum poloidal magnetic field that might be
present in young pulsars or magnetars.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Astrophysical Journa
Z_2-gradings of Clifford algebras and multivector structures
Let Cl(V,g) be the real Clifford algebra associated to the real vector space
V, endowed with a nondegenerate metric g. In this paper, we study the class of
Z_2-gradings of Cl(V,g) which are somehow compatible with the multivector
structure of the Grassmann algebra over V. A complete characterization for such
Z_2-gradings is obtained by classifying all the even subalgebras coming from
them. An expression relating such subalgebras to the usual even part of Cl(V,g)
is also obtained. Finally, we employ this framework to define spinor spaces,
and to parametrize all the possible signature changes on Cl(V,g) by
Z_2-gradings of this algebra.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX; v2 accepted for publication in J. Phys.
Evidence for Heating of Neutron Stars by Magnetic Field Decay
We show the existence of a strong trend between neutron star surface
temperature and the dipolar component of the magnetic field extending through
three orders of field magnitude, a range that includes magnetars, radio-quiet
isolated neutron stars, and many ordinary radio pulsars. We suggest that this
trend can be explained by the decay of currents in the crust over a time scale
of few Myr. We estimate the minimum temperature that a NS with a given magnetic
field can reach in this interpretation.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figures, version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Let
Protoneutron star dynamos: pulsars, magnetars, and radio-silent X-ray emitting neutron stars
We discuss the mean-field dynamo action in protoneutron stars that are
subject to instabilities during the early evolutionary phase. The mean field is
generated in the neutron-finger unstable region where the Rossby number is
and mean-field dynamo is efficient. Depending on the rotation rate,
the mean-field dynamo can lead to the formation of three different types of
pulsars. If the initial period of the protoneutron star is short, then the
generated large-scale field is very strong (G) and exceeds
the small-scale field at the neutron star surface. If rotation is moderate,
then the pulsars are formed with more or less standard dipole fields (G) but with surface small-scale magnetic fields stronger than
the dipole field. If rotation is very slow, then the mean-field dynamo does not
operate, and the neutron star has no global field. Nevertheless, strong
small-scale fields are generated in such pulsars, and they can manifest
themselves as objects with very low spin-down rate but with a strong magnetic
field inferred from the spectral features.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear on A&
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