Designing and verifying an instrument to measure religiosity

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: In spite of the paramount importance of religion in human life, the definition of its domain, concepts, and components is subject to theoretical and methodological uncertainty. The root of many of these ambiguities lies in the absence of appropriate measurement tools. Given that, the main purpose of this research is validating and determining reliability of a local instrument for measuring religiosity.Method: This study aimed at developing an instrument. The participants were provided with researchers' questionnaire developed after studying documents and providing the theoretical framework, preparing question banks and validity. The sample, 500 adult citizens over 18 years old in 22 districts of Tehran selected by using random sampling and classification according to gender, age, and area of residence. The obtained data were utilized for exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha reliability, validity criteria, indicators fitted, and eventually the introduction of religiosity questionnaire. In this research, all the Ethical issues were observed and authors declared no conflicts of interest.Results: Based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA), seven factors accounted for 65.67% of the religiosity variance. The results of exploratory factor analysis (RMSEA=0.08, CFI=0.907, GFI=0.869) show the 21-item questionnaire has an acceptable fit. The internal consistency (α=0.83) and consistency over time also indicated that the final questionnaire has acceptable reliability.Conclusion: Results show that the developed questionnaire is acceptable in terms of validity and reliability to be used in Islamic societies for measuring religiosity.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Shahmirzalou H, Rafiey H­, Mousavi MT, Ghaedamini Harouni Gh, Hosseini Safa Z. Designing and verifying an instrument to measure religiosity. J Res Relig Health. 2019; 5(2):6- 22. doi: https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i2.1930

The Study of Relationship Between Social Participation and Quality of Life of Old People Who Are Member of Senior Association of Tehran City in 2011

Objectives: Purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between Social Participation and its dimensions (Institutional & Non-Institutional Involvements) on elderly`s quality of lif in those who are members of Senior Association in Tehran. Methods & Materials: Research was as descriptive-analytical and sectional design. Statistical Society of Research has included all elderly who were the members of senior association of Tehran city and are more than 60 years of age. Two-hundred (200) elderly from senior associations of Districts 1, 12 & 20 by simple random and cluster sampling were selsected. Research tools included were: Lypad Quality of Life Questioner, Social Participation questioner prepared by the researcher, and demographic information check list executed among the sample society. Information achieved was separately analyzed by Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Linear Regression, K-S, F & T Methods. Results: Comparison of Quality of Life Average Score (P≥0.05) and Social Participation (P≥0.05) among the old men and women showed non-significant statistical difference, also correlation coefficient of “social participation” and “life quality” (r=0.778) showed a meaningful relationship between such variables. Also it was determined that 63 percent (R=0.63) of variance difference of life quality should be foreseen by the model of this research by using the regression. Conclusion: The results of the research showed a meaningful relationship between “social participation” and its dimensions with quality of life of elderly. This implied that non institutional involvements were more common among aforementioned elderly

ساخت پرسش‌نامه‌ی بومی سنجش دین‌داری با رویکرد سلامت اجتماعی

خلفية البحث وأهدافه: يعتبر الدين عاملا مؤثرا في رؤية الإنسان تجاه نفسه ومحيط اطرافه وأهدافه من الحياة، ولهذا للدين وقع كبير في جميع جوانب الحياة البشرية. على الرغم من هذه الأهمية فإن هناك غموض نظرية ومنهجية في تعريف مجال الدين وتحديد المفاهيم الدينية ومعايير التدين، وتكمن جذور كثير من هذه الغموض في غياب أدوات القياس المناسبة. وبالتالي، يعد إعداد أدوات قياس موثوقة وصحيحة، الخطوة الأولى والأهم في مجال قياس التدين. الغرض الرئيسي من هذه الدراسة، اعداد اداة محلية لقياس التدين وتعيين موثوقيتها وصلاحيتها. منهجية البحث: هذه الدراسة المنهجية من نوع اعداد الأدوات وبعد الدراسة الوثائقية، وإعداد الإطار النظري وبنك الأسئلة، وكذلك التأكد من الصلاحية، تم اعطاء استبيان التدين -الذي تم تصميمه من قبل الباحث- لعينة من 500 شخص اعمارهم يفوق 18 سنة والذين يسكنون في جميع مناطق طهران السكنية. تم اختيار المجتمع المستهدف باستخدام اساليب أخذ العينات العشوائية والطبقية والملائمة للجنس والعمر ومحل السكن. تم استخدام البيانات التي تم الحصول عليها للعثور على تحليل عامل الاستكشاف وألفا كرونباخ وصلاحية الاستبيان وموثوقيته، ومؤشرات تركيبها وأخيرا تقديم استبيان التدين. تمت مراعاة جميع الموارد الأخلاقية في هذه المقالة واضافة الى هذا فإن مؤلفي المقالةلم يشيروا الى اي تضارب في المصالح. الكشوفات: وفقا للنتائج، إن التحليل العاملي الاستكشافي (08/0=RMSEA، 869/0=GFI و 907/0=CFI) والذي كان له تركيب مناسب، اشتمل العوامل التفسيرية السبعة على 65.6٪ من التباين الكلي للتدين. واضافة الى ذلك، أظهر الإتساق الداخلي (83/0=α) والاتساق مع مرور الوقت من الأداة، أن الاستبيان النهائي للتدين والذي هو متكون من 21 سؤال له موثوقية مقبولة. الاستنتاج: اظهرت النتائج أن استبيان مقياس تدين الايرانيين المسلمين -والذي تم اعداده من قبل الباحث- له صلاحية البناء وموثوقية مقبوله ويمكن استخدامه لقياس التدين في المجتمعات الإسلامية.   يتم استناد المقالة على الترتيب التالي: Shahmirzalou H, Rafiey H­, Mousavi MT, Ghaedamini-Harouni Gh, Hosseini-Safa Z. Designing and Verifying an Instrument to Measure Religiosity. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2019;5(2):6-22. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i2.19300Background and Objective: In spite of the paramount importance of religion in human life, the definition of its domain, concepts, and components is subject to theoretical and methodological uncertainty. The root of many of these ambiguities lies in the absence of appropriate measurement tools. Given that, the main purpose of this research is validating and determining reliability of a local instrument for measuring religiosity. Methods: This study aimed at developing an instrument. The participants were provided with researchers' questionnaire developed after studying documents and providing the theoretical framework, preparing question banks and validity. The sample, 500 adult citizens over 18 years old in 22 districts of Tehran selected by using random sampling and classification according to gender, age, and area of residence. The obtained data were utilized for exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha reliability, validity criteria, indicators fitted, and eventually the introduction of religiosity questionnaire. In this research, all the Ethical issues were observed and authors declared no conflicts of interest. Results: Based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA), seven factors accounted for 65.67% of the religiosity variance. The results of exploratory factor analysis (RMSEA=0.08, CFI=0.907, GFI=0.869) show the 21-item questionnaire has an acceptable fit. The internal consistency (α=0.83) and consistency over time also indicated that the final questionnaire has acceptable reliability. Conclusion: Results show that the developed questionnaire is acceptable in terms of validity and reliability to be used in Islamic societies for measuring religiosity.   Please cite this article as: Shahmirzalou H, Rafiey H­, Mousavi MT, Ghaedamini-Harouni Gh, Hosseini-Safa Z. Designing and Verifying an Instrument to Measure Religiosity. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2019;5(2):6-22. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i2.19300سابقه و هدف: دین عاملی تأثیر‌گذار در نوع نگرش انسان به خود، محیط پیرامون و هدف زندگی محسوب می‌شود که تأثیر فراوانی در همه‌ی ابعاد زندگی بشر دارد. با وجود این اهمیت، تعریف حوزه، تعیین مفاهیم و مؤلفه‌های دین و دین‌داری با ابهامات نظری و روشی روبه‌رو است که ریشه‌ی بسیاری از این ابهامات در نبود ابزار مناسب اندازه‌گیری نهفته است. ازاین‌رو، تهیه‌ی ابزار اندازه‌گیری معتبر و روا نخستین و مهم‌ترین گام در حوزه‌ی سنجش دین‌داری است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش ساخت، اعتبار‌یابی و روایابی ابزار بومی سنجش دین‌داری است. روش کار: این مطالعه‌ی روش‌شناختی از نوع ابزارسازی است. پس از مطالعه‌ی اسنادی، تهیه‌ی چارچوب ‌نظری و بانک سؤالات و همچنین بررسی روایی، پرسش‌نامه‌ی محقق‌ساخته‌ی دین‌داری در اختیار نمونه‌ی 500 نفری از شهروندان 18 سال به بالای مناطق بیست‌ودوگانه‌ی شهر تهران قرار گرفت. جامعه‌ی هدف با استفاده از روش‌های نمونه‌گیری تصادفی و طبقاتی و متناسب با جنسیت، سن و پهنه‌ی محل سکونت انتخاب شد. از داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده برای به‌دست‌آوردن تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، آلفای کرونباخ، روایی و پایایی پرسش‌نامه، شاخص‌های برازش و در نهایت معرفی پرسش‌نامه‌ی دین‌داری استفاده شد. در این پژوهش همه‌ی موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و نویسندگان مقاله هیچ‌گونه تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج تحلیل‌ عاملی اکتشافی (08/0=RMSEA، 869/0=GFI و 907/0=CFI) که دارای برازش مناسبی بود، هفت عامل تبیین‌کننده 6/65 درصد از واریانس کل دین‌داری را در بر می‌گرفت. علاوه‌براین، همسانی‌درونی (83/0=α) و همسانی در طول زمان ابزار نشان داد که پرسش‌نامه‌ی نهایی 21 سؤالی دین‌داری دارای پایایی پذیرفتنی بود. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان می‌دهد پرسش‌نامه‌ی محقق‌ساخته‌ی دین‌داری ایرانیان مسلمان دارای روایی­ سازه و پایایی پذیرفتنی است و می‌توان از آن برای سنجش دین‌داری در جوامع اسلامی استفاده کرد. استناد مقاله به این صورت است: Shahmirzalou H, Rafiey H­, Mousavi MT, Ghaedamini-Harouni Gh, Hosseini-Safa Z. Designing and Verifying an Instrument to Measure Religiosity. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2019;5(2):6-22. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i2.1930

Full Kinetics and a Mechanistic Investigation of the Green Protocol for Synthesis of β-Aminoketone in the Presence of Saccharose as a Catalyst by a One-Pot Three-Component Reaction

For the first time, in a green protocol, an investigation of the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between benzaldehyde 1, 4-chloroanilinne 2, and acetophenone 3 compounds in the presence of saccharose as a catalyst was performed for generating β-aminoketone. For determining the kinetic parameters, the reaction was monitored by using the UV/Vis spectrophotometry technique. The second order rate constant (k1) was automatically calculated by the standard equations contained within the program. In the studied temperature range, the second order rate constant (ln k1, ln k1/T) depended on reciprocal temperature that was in good consistent with Arrhenius and Eyring equations, respectively. These data provided the suitable plots for calculating the activation energy and parameters (Ea, ΔG‡, ΔS‡, and ΔH‡) of the reaction. Furthermore, useful information was obtained from studying the effects of solvent, concentration, and catalyst on the reaction mechanism. The results showed that the first step of the reaction mechanism is a rate determining step (RDS). The obtained experimental data and also the steady state assumption confirmed the proposed mechanism