50 research outputs found
The subjective and objective scope of the article 877th of the Civil Code
Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoO artigo 877.º do Código Civil protagoniza uma proibição com larga tradição no ordenamento jurÃdico português. A sua origem remonta à vigência das Ordenações Filipinas, altura em que se proclamou a inibição legal de celebração de compras e vendas entre ascendentes e descendentes. Os motivos que preponderaram na opção legislativa de coibir este negócio jurÃdico, entre estes determinados sujeitos, prendem-se com o justo receio de evitar doações inoficiosas que dispõem de um carácter lesivo para os quinhões hereditários dos outros herdeiros legitimários não contemplados no negócio em causa. Desse modo, e com esse propósito em vista, o legislador submeteu as ditas vendas ao condicionalismo de se exigir a anuência desses outros descendentes para, assim, evitar negócios simulados cuja ocorrência se revelava demasiado frequente, e cuja prova de elevada complexidade. Esses mesmos motivos subsistiram no conspecto da civilÃstica portuguesa e a influência que exercem não deram azo à abolição da norma proibitiva, nem no momento da consagração do Código Civil de 1867, nem mesmo no do Código de 1966, o actualmente em vigor. Destarte, reconhece-se o carácter excepcional da proibição do artigo 877.º, fundado na inquietude de negócios simulados com efeitos adversos no domÃnio das consequências patrimoniais sucessórias, pelo que se recusa a sua aplicação analógica a outros casos distintos da compra e venda entre pais e filhos, e avós e netos, conforme dispõe o artigo 11.º. Todavia, conquanto a proibição de aplicação analógica de normas de Ãndole excepcional, urgem dissÃdios e querelas para as quais a lei não oferece uma resposta directa, e que, por sua vez, dividem a doutrina e a jurisprudência. Pretendemos, precisamente, desintrincar as dúvidas que assaltam essas demandas marcadas por opiniões antagónicas. No fundo, o nosso objectivo primordial é delimitar, com o mÃnimo de certeza e estabilidade jurÃdicas, o campo de eficácia subjectivo e objectivo do artigo 877.º, desvendando, concomitantemente, o seu alcance. Deste modo, pretendemos abalizar que mais sujeitos e que outros tipos negociais são contemplados pelo âmbito de aplicação da proibição, de forma concluirmos pela circunscrição, única e exclusiva, ou não à s vendas entre pais e filhos, e avós e netos.The article 877th of the Civil Code establishes a prohibition with a long tradition in the Portuguese legal system. Its origin dates back to the time of the Ordenações Filipinas, at which time it was proclaimed that the celebration of sales contracts between ascendants and descendants is prohibited. The reasons that prevailed in the legislative option to restrain this contract between these individuals in specific are related to the fear of avoiding unprofitable donations that produce losses to the hereditary portions of the other heirs not contemplated in the business in question.In this way, the legislator subordinated the sales to the main constraint of requiring the consent of the other descendants, in order to avoid simulated deals that could be too frequent and whose proof would be of a high complexity level. Those same reasons remained in the Portuguese legal system, and their influence did not lead to the abolition of the prohibition norm, either at the time of the consecration of the Civil Code of 1867, or even in the Code of 1966, the one that is currently in force.Given the above, it is recognised the exceptional dimension of the prohibition set in the article 877th, inspired by the mistrust and danger of simulated contracts with adverse effects in the field of inheritance consequences. Therefore, it’s not possible to turn to the analogue interpretation of the prohibition to reach cases other than sales between fathers and sons, and grandparents and grandsons, as established by the article 11th. Nevertheless, although the analogue interpretation of exceptional norms is forbidden, issues and discussions arise for which the law does not offer a direct answer and, correlatively, divide the doctrine and jurisprudence. We intend, precisely, to disentangle the doubts that assail these demands marked by conflicting opinions. Truthfully, our primary objective is to delimit, with the minimum of legal certainty and stability, the subjective and objective field of effectiveness of the article 877th and to, simultaneously, unravel its range. Thereby, our purpose is to discover if there are more contractual subjects and other types of contracts covered by the scope of the prohibition, so that we will be able to conclude by its unique and exclusive circumscription, or not, to the sales between parents and sons, and grandparents and grandsons
Relationships between the anti-HIV V 3 -derived peptide SPC 3 and lymphocyte membrane properties involved in virus entry: SPC 3 interferes with CXCR 4
International audienc
SPC3, an anti-HIV peptide construct derived from the viral envelope, binds and enters HIV target cells
International audienc
The Catalytic Activity of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Is Involved in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope–Mediated Membrane Fusion after CD4 Cell Binding
International audienc
Apport d’une sismique en ondes S pour la recherche hydrogéologique dans un aquifère alluvial
Dans le cadre de l’implantation de nouveaux forages en contexte de plaine alluvial dans le Bassin de Paris, une nouvelle méthode géophysique a été mise en œuvre afin d’imager proprement les alluvions et d’en préciser les séquences ainsi que leur géométrie et les épaisseurs. Cette méthodologie repose sur une acquisition et le traitement de lignes sismiques ultra haute résolution en ondes S, dont les vitesses très lentes permettent une haute définition de l’imagerie dans les premiers mètres. Un traitement sismique minutieux a permis de restituer des résultats très concluants. Ce type d’opération, permet d’offrir à des prix très compétitifs des résultats bien plus fiables que les méthodes électriques. La réussite de ce type de mise en œuvre reste cependant conditionnée aux choix des paramètres d’acquisition et surtout à un traitement sismique minutieux
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Protein-disulfide isomerase-mediated reduction of two disulfide bonds of HIV envelope glycoprotein 120 occurs post-CXCR4 binding and is required for fusion
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope (Env) glycoprotein (gp) 120 is a highly disulfide-bonded molecule that attaches HIV to the lymphocyte surface receptors CD4 and CXCR4. Conformation changes within gp120 result from binding and trigger HIV/cell fusion. Inhibition of lymphocyte surface-associated protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) blocks HIV/cell fusion, suggesting that redox changes within Env are required. Using a sensitive assay based on a thiol reagent, we show that (i) the thiol content of gp120, either secreted by mammalian cells or bound to a lymphocyte surface enabling CD4 but not CXCR4 binding, was 0.5-1 pmol SH/pmol gp120 (SH/gp120), whereas that of gp120 after its interaction with a surface enabling both CD4 and CXCR4 binding was raised to 4 SH/gp120; (ii) PDI inhibitors prevented this change; and (iii) gp120 displaying 2 SH/gp120 exhibited CD4 but not CXCR4 binding capacity. In addition, PDI inhibition did not impair gp120 binding to receptors. We conclude that on average two of the nine disulfides of gp120 are reduced during interaction with the lymphocyte surface after CXCR4 binding prior to fusion and that cell surface PDI catalyzes this process. Disulfide bond restructuring within Env may constitute the molecular basis of the post-receptor binding conformational changes that induce fusion competence