Heavy Metals in Steel Mill Electric Arc Furnace Dust

U okviru gospodarenja otpadom, koje obuhvaća i odabir rješenja za njegovo zbrinjavanje, bilo uporabom u vlastitim tehnološkim procesima, bilo prerađen u drugim industrijskim granama ili odgovarajućom obradom prije eventualnog odlaganja na propisanim odlagalištima, u Željezari Sisak se pristupilo sustavnom istraživanju fizikalno-kemijskih karakteristika metalurškog otpada kao i njegovog ponašanja u interakciji sa okolišem. Elektropećna prašina, kao metalurški otpad, razvrstana je prema US EPA klasifikaciji iz 1980. godine u opasni tehnološki otpad oznake K061. Elektropećna prašina Željezare Sisak svrstana je u opasni otpad na temelju ispitivanja fizikalno-kemijskih karakteristika od strane za to ovlaštenog laboratorija i dodijeljen joj je ključni broj *10 02 03, sukladno pravnim propisima Republike Hrvatske. Kako zbrinjavanje opasnog otpada nije moguće izravnim odlaganjem na tlo, ukazala se potreba pronalaženja rješenja za zbrinjavanje elektropećne prašine na ekološki prihvatljiv i ekonomski opravdan način. Naime, elektropećna prašina iz procesa proizvodnje čelika u čeličani Željezare Sisak, svojedobno je služila kao dodatak pri izradi sinter-mješavine za potrebe proizvodnje sirovog željeza visokopećnim postupkom. Zbrinjavanje elektropećne prašine na taj način bilo je jedino ekonomski opravdano radi iskorištavanja njezinog željezonosnog dijela, dok ekološka prihvatljivost tog načina zbrinjavanja opasnog otpada nije bila zadovoljena. Naime, teške kovine od elektropećne prašine kao toksični sastojci samo su mijenjali svoju matičnu osnovu tj. iz elektropećne prašine bivali preseljeni i ukoncentrirani u mulj ispirača visokopećnih otpadnih plinova. Zatvaranjem proizvodnje sirovog željeza u visokim pećima, napušten je i taj, ionako nepotpun način zbrinjavanja elektropećne prašine, a novonastale količine se otada privremeno odlažu u krugu tvornice i svakim su danom sve veća opasnost za okoliš. Radi pronalaženja mogućnosti i odabira optimalnog postupka zbrinjavanja nagomilanih količina opasnog metalurškog otpada provode se sustavna istraživanja od kojih je ovdje prikazan samo dio koji se odnosi na ispitivanje sadržaja teških kovina u elektropećnoj prašini, kao i međusobne povezanosti udjela teških kovina Zn, Pb, Cd s masenim udjelom željeza čiji oksidi čine osnovu tog otpada. Ostale kovine poput bakra, kroma i nikla nisu istraživane na isti način kao Zn, Pb i Cd s obzirom da je ispitivana prašina nastala u postupcima proizvodnje ugljičnih čelika te su u njoj koncentracije tih kovina vrlo niske.Within the scope of corporate waste management, Sisak Steelworks initiated a thorough and systematic examination of physical and chemical properties of metallurgical waste and of its behaviour in interaction with the environment. Electric arc furnace (EAF) dust has been categorized as hazardous technological waste and it can not be directly disposed of to the ground / in a land fill. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to dispose of it in an environmentally friendly and economically acceptable manner. In order to elaborate different options and chose the optimal practice for the disposal of the accumulated volumes of hazardous metallurgical waste, comprehensive and systematic research has been conducted. This paper provides only a partial survey of the research of the heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd content in electric arc furnace dust as well. Qualitative chemical analysis of samples of electric arc furnace dust was conducted on all observed samples and the presence of Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Al, Ca, Mg, K, S, P, C, O and Cl was established. The results of qualitative chemical analysis of monthly average samples of electric arc furnace dust obtained by other methods established that the mass fraction of iron was between 41.08 and 48.58 %, zinc between 3.75 and 8.10 %, lead between 0.94 and 2.07 %, and cadmium between 0.010 and 0.027 %. The results of the Zn, Pb, Cd fraction analysis in the observed samples of electric arc furnace dust are considerably lower, than the content of those metals in EAF dusts presented in the available references, where the mass fraction of zinc varies between 0.14 and 50 %, lead between 0.03 and 6.8 %, and cadmium between < 0.01 and 1.8 %. Quantitative analysis of Fe, Zn, Pb and Cd fraction was carried out in grain-metrical fractions of individual samples of EAF dust as well. The results have shown that the concentrations of Fe tend to increase with smaller fraction grains compared to an average sample, whereas concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd in the same proportion display a descending tendency. Results of the Zn, Pb and Cd fraction analysis in the EAF dust samples from Sisak Steelworks compared to the mass fraction of those metals in EAF dust from other steel mills imply that the measured concentrations of zinc, lead, and cadmium are much higher. Therefore, it is not economically viable to recycle this dust for the lead, zinc or cadmium recovery. Consequently, the disposal of this kind of hazardous metallurgical waste must first be handled in another, environmentally acceptable and economically justifiable way. Additional investigations must be carried out before the final decision is made

Partial replacement of soybean meal with pumpkin seed cake in lamb diets: Effects on carcass traits, haemato-chemical parameters and fatty acids in meat

The composition of lamb diets has an effect on production traits and meat quality, especially fatty acid proportions. Recently, in organic farming, soybean meal has frequently been replaced with feedstuffs that are rich in protein. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of partial replacement of soybean meal with pumpkin seed cake on carcass traits, biochemical parameters and fatty acids of lamb meat produced in organic farming. The research was carried out on 70-day-old lambs of the Merinolandschaf breed. Thirty-six lambs were grouped by gender, and allotted to three treatment groups, which were given one of the three diets: control diet with no pumpkin seed cake; a diet in which 10% of soybean meal was replaced with 10% pumpkin seed cake; and a diet in which 15% of soybean meal was replaced with 15% pumpkin seed cake. The experimental feeding period was 30 days. Hay and water were provided ad libitum. Differential blood tests and haematological parameters were determined, and the concentrations of minerals and biochemical parameters, and enzyme activity were ascertained in blood serum. Carcass traits and lamb meat colour did not differ among dietary treatments. Significant differences were observed in the concentrations of some biochemical parameters, which indicated good energy and protein balance, and changes in fat metabolism that did not impair antioxidant status. Compared with the control, the concentration of linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) was higher in diets containing 10% and 15% of pumpkin seed cake replacements. The results indicated that partial replacement of soybean meal with 10% or 15% of pumpkin seed cake could be implemented in lamb feeding in organic farming without major changes in carcass traits, haemato-chemical parameters and the fatty acid profile in meat.Keywords: Blood parameters, meat quality, Merinolandschaf lambs, organic farmin

METHODS OF EVAULATION AND MEASURING OF EWE UDDER MORPHOLOGY TRAITS

Selekcija mliječnih pasmina ovaca donedavno je uglavnom bila usmjerena na povećanje mliječnosti i izlučivanje grla s visokom brojem somatskih stanica u mlijeku. U posljednje vrijeme, u zemljama s razvijenim mliječnim ovčarstvom javlja se sve veći interes za dodavanjem drugih u selekciji važnih funkcionalnih osobina, poput primjerice morfoloških odlika vimena. Prva primijenjena metoda subjektivne procjene ovčjeg vimena bila je klasifikacija ovaca prema obliku ili tipu vimena. Međutim, zbog relativno malog raspona tipova vimena (četiri kategorije) navedena klasifikacija nije omogućavala analizu podataka s kontinuiranom skalom te procjenu genetskih pokazatelja i uzgojnih vrijednosti grla linearnim modelima. U posljednjih desetak godina u svijetu se, usporedno sa širom primjenom strojne mužnja, u provedbi selekcije i uzgojnih programa u različitih mliječnih pasmina ovaca primjenjuje linearno ocjenjivanje (linear scoring) glavnih morfoloških odlika vimena (dubina vimena, kut sisa, dužina sisa i oblik vimena). Objektivno mjerenje morfoloških odlika vimena ovaca je vrlo sporo i naporno te stoga nije rutinsko u mliječnim stadima i uglavnom se provodi u znanstvenim istraživanjima u cilju utvrđivanja povezanosti s proizvodnjom mlijeka i drugim proizvodnim odlikama.Recently, in countries with high sheep milk production interest has been increasing functional traits such as udder morphology. The first practical utilization of udder morphology on dairy sheep was made using tables of udder typology. Classification by types is at disadvantage because BLUP methods are less suited for estimating genetic values for the non-continuous traits involved in these analyses. With the increasing implementation of milking machines, a subjective appraisal of some elementary udder traits (udder depth, teat angle, teat length, udder shape) on the basis of a linear scale was implemented. Different authors have undertaken the use of objective measurements for the characterization of the dairy sheep udder and for the study of the relations with milk yield or other productive traits since the development of machine milking. The use of objective measurements is based on several measures performed directly on each animal and as a consequence it shows some drawbacks such as low speed, laboriousness and expense in personnel making its application infeasible for commercial farms

METHODS OF EVAULATION AND MEASURING OF EWE UDDER MORPHOLOGY TRAITS

Selekcija mliječnih pasmina ovaca donedavno je uglavnom bila usmjerena na povećanje mliječnosti i izlučivanje grla s visokom brojem somatskih stanica u mlijeku. U posljednje vrijeme, u zemljama s razvijenim mliječnim ovčarstvom javlja se sve veći interes za dodavanjem drugih u selekciji važnih funkcionalnih osobina, poput primjerice morfoloških odlika vimena. Prva primijenjena metoda subjektivne procjene ovčjeg vimena bila je klasifikacija ovaca prema obliku ili tipu vimena. Međutim, zbog relativno malog raspona tipova vimena (četiri kategorije) navedena klasifikacija nije omogućavala analizu podataka s kontinuiranom skalom te procjenu genetskih pokazatelja i uzgojnih vrijednosti grla linearnim modelima. U posljednjih desetak godina u svijetu se, usporedno sa širom primjenom strojne mužnja, u provedbi selekcije i uzgojnih programa u različitih mliječnih pasmina ovaca primjenjuje linearno ocjenjivanje (linear scoring) glavnih morfoloških odlika vimena (dubina vimena, kut sisa, dužina sisa i oblik vimena). Objektivno mjerenje morfoloških odlika vimena ovaca je vrlo sporo i naporno te stoga nije rutinsko u mliječnim stadima i uglavnom se provodi u znanstvenim istraživanjima u cilju utvrđivanja povezanosti s proizvodnjom mlijeka i drugim proizvodnim odlikama.Recently, in countries with high sheep milk production interest has been increasing functional traits such as udder morphology. The first practical utilization of udder morphology on dairy sheep was made using tables of udder typology. Classification by types is at disadvantage because BLUP methods are less suited for estimating genetic values for the non-continuous traits involved in these analyses. With the increasing implementation of milking machines, a subjective appraisal of some elementary udder traits (udder depth, teat angle, teat length, udder shape) on the basis of a linear scale was implemented. Different authors have undertaken the use of objective measurements for the characterization of the dairy sheep udder and for the study of the relations with milk yield or other productive traits since the development of machine milking. The use of objective measurements is based on several measures performed directly on each animal and as a consequence it shows some drawbacks such as low speed, laboriousness and expense in personnel making its application infeasible for commercial farms

CLASSIFICATION OF CARCASSES OF OVINE ANIMALS

U državama članicama Europske Unije primjenjuje se jedinstveni sustav klasifikacije ovčjih, odnosno janjećih trupova (European Union, 1992). Klasifikacija trupova provodi se subjektivnim ocjenjivanjem na temelju konformacije trupa i stupnja (ocjene) prekrivenosti trupa masnim tkivom. U sustavu klasifikacije janjećih trupova postoje dvije kategorije: 1) trup 13 kg. Lakši trupovi dijele se u tri težinske kategorije od kojih svaka, ovisno o boji mesa i stupnju prekrivenosti trupa masnim tkivom, sadrži dvije kvalitativne klase; I. i II. Trup teži od 13 kg klasificira se po „E.U.R.O.P.“ klasifikaciji u pet klasa (od E = izvrstan do P = slab). Ocjena prekrivenosti trupa masnim tkivom određuje se posebno za trupove lakše od 13 kg (1 = vrlo slaba, 4 = jaka), a posebno za trupove teže od 13 kg (1 = vrlo slaba, 5 = vrlo jaka). Klasifikacijski standard za trupove ovaca i janjadi napravljen je u svrhu poboljšanja tržišne transparentnosti u sektoru ovčjeg (janjećeg) mesa. U njemu su sadržana detaljna pravila za provođenje klasifikacijskih postupaka i za određivanje tržnih cijena mesa na temelju pojedinih klasa.The European Union (EU) requires Member States to make use of a classification system for ovine carcasses (European Union, 1992). The classification of carcasses is based on subjective evaluation of carcass conformation and the degree of fat cover. The lamb carcass classification system comprises two different schemes: for carcasses weighing 13 kg. Lighter carcasses are divided into three categories according to weight. Each weight category includes two quality classes, depending on meat color and fatness score. Carcasses weighing more than 13 kg are evaluated according to conformation (E.U.R.O.P. classification: five classes, from E =”good”, to P =”bad” conformation). Degree of fatness of the carcasses is assessed separately for carcasses 13 kg (1 =”very lean”, to 5 =”very fat). Among the aims of this classification is to improve market transparency in sheep meat trade. It has detailed rules for classification of ovine animals and the determination of market prices which are established on the basis of this classification standard

CLASSIFICATION OF CARCASSES OF OVINE ANIMALS

U državama članicama Europske Unije primjenjuje se jedinstveni sustav klasifikacije ovčjih, odnosno janjećih trupova (European Union, 1992). Klasifikacija trupova provodi se subjektivnim ocjenjivanjem na temelju konformacije trupa i stupnja (ocjene) prekrivenosti trupa masnim tkivom. U sustavu klasifikacije janjećih trupova postoje dvije kategorije: 1) trup 13 kg. Lakši trupovi dijele se u tri težinske kategorije od kojih svaka, ovisno o boji mesa i stupnju prekrivenosti trupa masnim tkivom, sadrži dvije kvalitativne klase; I. i II. Trup teži od 13 kg klasificira se po „E.U.R.O.P.“ klasifikaciji u pet klasa (od E = izvrstan do P = slab). Ocjena prekrivenosti trupa masnim tkivom određuje se posebno za trupove lakše od 13 kg (1 = vrlo slaba, 4 = jaka), a posebno za trupove teže od 13 kg (1 = vrlo slaba, 5 = vrlo jaka). Klasifikacijski standard za trupove ovaca i janjadi napravljen je u svrhu poboljšanja tržišne transparentnosti u sektoru ovčjeg (janjećeg) mesa. U njemu su sadržana detaljna pravila za provođenje klasifikacijskih postupaka i za određivanje tržnih cijena mesa na temelju pojedinih klasa.The European Union (EU) requires Member States to make use of a classification system for ovine carcasses (European Union, 1992). The classification of carcasses is based on subjective evaluation of carcass conformation and the degree of fat cover. The lamb carcass classification system comprises two different schemes: for carcasses weighing 13 kg. Lighter carcasses are divided into three categories according to weight. Each weight category includes two quality classes, depending on meat color and fatness score. Carcasses weighing more than 13 kg are evaluated according to conformation (E.U.R.O.P. classification: five classes, from E =”good”, to P =”bad” conformation). Degree of fatness of the carcasses is assessed separately for carcasses 13 kg (1 =”very lean”, to 5 =”very fat). Among the aims of this classification is to improve market transparency in sheep meat trade. It has detailed rules for classification of ovine animals and the determination of market prices which are established on the basis of this classification standard

SLAUGHTER CHARACTERISTICS OF CRES, PAG AND TRAVNICKA PRAMENKA LAMBS

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi klaoničke pokazatelje janjadi (klaoničku masu, ma-su toplog trupa, randman te udio pojedinih organa u trupu) creske ovce, paške ov-ce i travničke pramenke, te utvrditi utjecaj pasmine i spola na istraživane klaoni-čke pokazatelje. U tu svrhu zaklano je ukupno 131 janje; od toga 37 (25 muške i 12 ženske) janjadi travničke pramenke prosječne dobi 3,5 mjeseca, 44 creske ja-njadi (22 muška i 22 ženske) prosječne dobi 2,5 mjeseca i 50 paške janjadi (28 muške i 22 ženske) prosječne dobi 36 dana. Navedene razlike u dobi janjadi pri klanju proizlaze iz različitih tehnologija koje se primjenjuju za pojedine pasmi-ne. Klanje janjadi obavljeno je klasičnom metodom obrade koja uključuje iskr-varenje presijecanjem velikih krvnih žila na vratu (v. jugularis externa i a. ca-rotis communis), odvajanje kože i donjih dijelova nogu te vađenje iznutrica. Neposredno prije klanja sva janjad je pojedinačno vagana. Utvrđene prosječne tjelesne mase janjadi prije klanja između pasmina bile su različite (janjad travni-čke pramenke 28,05 kg : 20,02 kg creska janjad : 11,18 kg paška janjad) što je ponajviše posljedica različite dobi janjadi. Također je masa toplog trupa janjadi travničke pramenke bila značajno veća (P<0,01) od mase trupa janjadi drugih dviju pasmina (13,93 kg : 10,74 kg creska : 6,25 kg paška). Utvrđen je značajno veći (P<0,05) randman paške janjadi (55,82%) u odnosu na cresku (53,37%) i ja-njad travničke pramenke (49,49%). Uz to, u janjadi travničke pramenke i paške ovce utvrđen je značajan utjecaj spola na praćene klaoničke pokazatelje (P<0,05). Rezultati ovog istraživanja potvrđuju vrlo izražen utjecaj ovčarske tra-dicije, proizvodnje namjene i navika potrošača na klaoničku masu janjadi, dob janjadi pri klanju i masu trupa.The aim of this work was to determine slaughter characteristics (slaughter weight, hot car-cass weight, dressing percentage and non-carcass components proportion) of lambs from some breeds (Cres sheep, Pag sheep and Travnicka pramenka sheep) offered on Croatian meat market as whole carcass. Also, the aim was to determine the differences in carcass traits between those breeds and lamb sexes. For that purpose, 37 Travnicka pramenka lambs (25 male and 12 female) on average 3.5 months old, 44 Cres lambs (22 male and 22 female) on average 2.5 months old and 50 Pag lambs (28 male and 22 female) on average 36 days old. The differences in age of lambs at slaughter are due to different production system applied for each breed. The lambs were slaugh-tered and processed at local abattoirs in Lika and on islands Cres and Pag. Following slaughter, hot carcasses and ‘’non-carcass’’ components were weighed. The average slaughter weights between Travnicka pramenka lambs, Cres lambs and Pag lambs were significantly different (28.05 kg, 20.02 kg and 11.18 kg, respectively). The hot carcass weight of Travnicka pramenka lambs was signi-ficantly higher than hot carcass weight of Cres and Pag lambs (13.93 kg vs. 10.74 and 6.25 kg). However, Pag lambs had significantly higher dressing percentage than Cres and Travnicka pra-menka lambs (55.82% vs. 53.37 and 49.49%). Also, it was determined that sex had significant influ-ence on slaughter characteristics of lambs from investigated breeds. The results of this research confirm very strong influence of tradition, production goal and habits of consumers on slaughter weight, age and carcass weight of lambs. Primljeno: 15.7.2007

EXTERIOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF CROATIAN COLOURED GOAT

Cilj istraživanja bio je komisijskom prosudbom vanjštine i određenim tjelesnim izmjerama utvrditi osnovne eksterijerne odlike različitih kategorija hrvatske šarene koze. U tu svrhu su ukupno na četiri stada koza, i to dva sa šireg područja južnog Velebita, i dva s područja Kamešnice i Dinare, provedena ocjenjivanja i mjerenja vanjštine izvornih hrvatskih šarenih koza različite dobi, spola i tjelesne razvijenosti. Istraživanjem je ukupno bilo obuhvaćeno 651 grlo, od toga 90 šilježica prosječne dobi 13 mjeseci, 146 mladih koza prosječne dobi 34 mjeseca, 380 odraslih koza prosječne dobi 72 mjeseca, 28 jarčića (muške šilježadi) prosječne dobi 11 mjeseci te 7 mladih jarčeva prosječne dobi 30 mjeseci. Ocjenjivanje se sastojalo od subjektivne komisijske prosudbe vanjštine, procjene dobi grla po zubima, uzimanja pojedinačnih tjelesnih mjera Lydtinovim štapom i mjernom vrpcom te pojedinačnih vaganja. Tijelo hrvatske šarene koze prekriveno je kostrijeti različite boje, najčešće crno-bijele, s tim da postoje i potpuno crna, smeđa i siva grla. Vrat koza je uzak i plosnat, a u pojedinih grla s donje strane vidljive su malene resice. Glava je srednje duga, ravnog profila, ponekad blago ugnuta. U većine istraživanih grla utvrđeno je postojanje brade i rogova što se može smatrati pasminskom odlikom. Prosječna visina do grebena, odraslih, potpuno razvijenih koza, bila je 61,32 cm, dužina trupa 69,06 cm, širina prsa 17,83 cm, dubina prsa 30,64 cm, opseg prsa 84,25 cm, opseg cjevanice 8,33 cm, dužina rogova 29,49 cm i tjelesna masa 44,01 kg. Mlade koze se odlikuju dobrom tjelesnom razvijenošću (postigle su u prosjeku 96% visine grebena i 95% dužine trupa odraslih koza). Sve utvrđene tjelesne mjere rasplodnih mladih jarčeva bile su veće od onih u koza iste dobne kategorije: visina grebena 65,29 cm, dužina trupa 72,57 cm, širina prsa 18,14 cm, dubina prsa 32,85 cm, opseg prsa 88,42 cm, opseg cjevanice 11,03 i tjelesna masa 51,28 kg.The aim of this research was to determine exterior characteristics of different categories of Croatan coloured goats, using a commission evaluation and body measurements. Thus, totally 651 Croatian coloured goats were picked out from totally 4 flocks: two flocks located in south Velebit area and two flocks located in the area of Dinara and Kamešnica, and divided into age groups according to the teeth: 90 female hoggets about 13 months old; 146 young goats between 2 and 3.5 years old; 380 adult does older than 3.5 years; 28 male kids about 11 months old and 7 young bucks about 30 months old. The body of investigated animals (except the legs) is overgrown with thick, lengthy and dense hair of a black-white, brown or grey-white colour and rarely of a single colour. The head is medium sized, with obligatory horns mostly curving backwards, shaped like a sabre. The neck is narrow and flat, often with tassels hanging under the throat. Hind part of the trunk is more developed than the front part. The chest and scallop are narrow. Legs are thin, but stable, with well developed hoofs that are mostly black. The mean crest height of adult goats was 61.32 cm, the trunk length 69.06 cm, the chest width 17.83 cm, the chest depth 30.64 cm, the circumference of the chest 84.25 cm, the circumference of the leg 8.33 cm, the length of the horns 29.49 cm and the body weight was 44.01 kg. In comparison with adult goats, young does have well developed body conformation (they obtain 96% of crest height and 95% of the trunk length of adult goats). All established body measurements of young bucks were higher than in goats of the same age groups: the crest height was 65.29 cm, the trunk length 72.57 cm, the chest width 18.14 cm, the chest depth 32.85 cm, the circumference of the chest 88.42 cm, the circumference of the leg 11.03 cm and the body weight was 51.28 kg

Spektralno ispitivanje soli alkalnih elemenata 12-volframfosforne kiseline

In this paper the latest results of our continuing investigation of heteropoly acids and their salts are reported. Specially attention was paid to the influence of cations on the dynamic equilibrium of protonic species, as well as on the structure of the host lattice itself, i.e., the Keggin anions. The investigations were done by IR and Raman spectroscopy within the range of 1200-40 cm-1.U ovom radu saopšteni su poslednji rezultati naših sistematskih ispitivanja heteropolikiselina i njihovih soli. Posebna pažnja posvećena je uticaju katjona na dinamičku ravnotežu protonskih vrsta, kao i na strukturu kristalne rešetke, odnosno Keginovih anjona. Ispitivanja su vršena metodama infracrvene i ramanske spektroskopije u oblasti 1200-40 cm-1. Dobijeni rezultati su važni za objašnjenje mehanizma provodljivosti, kao i za rešavanje problema praktične primene ovih jedinjenja kao čvrstih elektrolita. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije

IR i ramanska ispitivanja strukturnih modifikacija bakarne soli 12-volframfosforne kiseline

In this paper local processes and structural phase transformations of the copper salt of 12-tungstophosphoric acid are investigated. The structural phase transformations were followed through bands, characteristic for the host lattice, in the IR and Raman spectra. The results of these investigations, as well as those of XRPD analysis and impedance measurements as a function of temperature show that some local processes provoke the change in the secondary structure of the Keggin anions.U ovom radu ispitivani su lokalni procesi i strukturne fazne transformacije soli bakra 12-volframfosforne kiseline. Strukturne fazne transformacije praćene su preko traka karakterističnih za kristalnu rešetku u infracrvenim i ramanskim spektrima. Rezultati ovih ispitivanja, kao i oni dobiveni rendgeno-strukturnom analizom i iz impedansnih merenja, odnosno provodljivost u funkciji temperature, pokazuju da je fazna transformacija vezana za promene lokalne strukture, tj. sekundarne strukture Keginovih anjona. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije