1,852 research outputs found
Human development index - the influencing factors, ways of development on the example of Russia and the countries of the former Soviet Union
According to the name of article, in it dynamics of an Human Development index over the countries of the former Soviet Union is considered. Lagging of Russia from the leading countries is especially noted, comparison is carried out them. Also Years of Life Lost index is mentioned in article, its influence on human development is specified. Much attention is paid to prospects of development of the country in all directions which influence HDI. In the conclusion a number of open questions which our state should solve is emphasized
Neutrino induced transitions between the ground states of the A=12 triad
Neutrino induced reactions on C, an ingredient of liquid
scintillators, have been studied in several experiments. We show that for
currently available neutrino energies, 300 MeV, calculated
exclusive cross sections CN for both muon
and electron neutrinos are essentially model independent, provided the
calculations simultaneously describe the rates of several other reactions
involving the same states or their isobar analogs. The calculations agree well
with the measured cross sections, which can be therefore used to check the
normalization of the incident neutrino spectrum and the efficiency of the
detector.Comment: 9 pages REVTEX, 2 postscript figures, text and figures available at
http://www.krl.caltech.edu/preprints/MAP.htm
Exchange Current Corrections to Neutrino--Nucleus Scattering
Relativistic exchange current corrections to neutrino--nucleus cross sections
are presented assuming non--vanishing strange quark form factors for the
constituent nucleons. For charged current processes the exchange current
corrections can lower the impulse approximation results by 10\% while these
corrections are found to be sensitive to both the nuclear density and the
strange quark axial form factor of the nucleon for neutral current processes.
Implications on the LSND experiment to determine this form factor are
discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, revtex 3.0, full postscript version of the file
and figures available at
http://www.nikhefk.nikhef.nl/projects/Theory/preprints/preprints.html To
appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Strange quark matter in explosive astrophysical systems
Explosive astrophysical systems, such as supernovae or compact star binary
mergers, provide conditions where strange quark matter can appear. The high
degree of isospin asymmetry and temperatures of several MeV in such systems may
cause a transition to the quark phase already around saturation density.
Observable signals from the appearance of quark matter can be predicted and
studied in astrophysical simulations. As input in such simulations, an equation
of state with an integrated quark matter phase transition for a large
temperature, density and proton fraction range is required. Additionally,
restrictions from heavy ion data and pulsar observation must be considered. In
this work we present such an approach. We implement a quark matter phase
transition in a hadronic equation of state widely used for astrophysical
simulations and discuss its compatibility with heavy ion collisions and pulsar
data. Furthermore, we review the recently studied implications of the QCD phase
transition during the early post-bounce evolution of core-collapse supernovae
and introduce the effects from strong interactions to increase the maximum mass
of hybrid stars. In the MIT bag model, together with the strange quark mass and
the bag constant, the strong coupling constant provides a parameter
to set the beginning and extension of the quark phase and with this the mass
and radius of hybrid stars.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, talk given at the International Conference on
Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM2009), Buzios, Brasil, September 28 - October
2, 2009, to be published in Journal Phys.
Adaptability, Engagement, and Degree Completion:A Longitudinal Investigation of University Students
© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. University entry and the passage through university is a time of great change. The extent to which students are able to adjust to successfully navigate this change (adaptability) is likely to influence their academic outcomes. Prior research has identified a link between university students’ adaptability and academic achievement via behavioural engagement. The current longitudinal study extends this research by examining whether university students’ adaptability predicts degree completion via behavioural engagement. Undergraduate students (N = 186) were surveyed for their adaptability and behavioural engagement at degree commencement. Their completion status was extracted from the University Records System at the end of the degree. Findings showed that adaptability predicts both positive and negative behavioural engagement, and that negative (but not positive) behavioural engagement predicts degree completion. Adaptability was also found to influence degree completion indirectly via negative behavioural engagement. These findings hold important theoretical and practical implications for educators and researchers seeking to understand how students manage the transition to university and the extent to, and mechanisms by which students’ adaptability is associated with university degree completion
Weak and Electromagnetic Nuclear Decay Signatures for Neutrino Reactions in SuperKamiokande
We suggest the study of events in the SuperKamiokande neutrino data due to
charged- and neutral-current neutrino reactions followed by weak and/or
electromagnetic decays of struck nuclei and fragments thereof. This study could
improve the prospects of obtaining evidence for production from oscillations and could augment the data sample used to disfavor
oscillations.Comment: 7 pages, latex, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Expression of Functional Anti-p24 scFv 183-H12-5C in HEK293T and Jurkat T Cells
Purpose: More than half of the diagnostic and therapeutic recombinant protein production
depends on mammalian-based expression system. However, the generation of recombinant
antibodies remains a challenge in mammalian cells due to the disulfide bond formation and
reducing cytoplasm. Therefore, the production of functional recombinant antibodies in
target cell line is necessary to be evaluated before used in therapeutic application such
intrabodies against HIV-1.
Methods: The work was to test expression of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv)
antibody against HIV-1 Capsid p24 protein in a human mammalian-based expression
system using HEK293T and Jurkat T cells as a model. Three expression plasmid vectors
expressing scFv 183-H12-5C were generated and introduced into HEK293T. Expression of
the scFv was analyzed, while ELISA and immunoblotting analysis verified its binding. The
evaluation of the recombinant antibody was confirmed by HIV-1 replication and MAGI
infectivity assay in Jurkat T cells.
Results: Three plasmid vectors expressing scFv 183-H12-5C was successfully engineered
in this study. Recombinant antibodies scFv (~29 kDa) and scFv-Fc (~52 kDa) in the
cytoplasm of HEK293T were effectively obtained by transfected the cells with engineered
pCDNA3.3-mu-IgGk-scFv 183-H12-5C and pCMX2.5-scFv 183-H12-5C-hIgG1-Fc
plasmid vectors respectively. scFv and scFv-Fc are specifically bound recombinant p24, and
HIV-1 derived p24 (gag) evaluated by ELISA and Western blot. Jurkat T cells transfected
by pCDNA3.3-scFv 183-H12-5C inhibit the replication-competent NL4-3 viral infectivity
up to 60%.
Conclusion: Anti-p24 scFv 183-H12-5C antibody generated is suitable to be acted as
intrabodies and may serve as a valuable tool for the development of antibody-based
biotherapeutics against HIV-1
A new method to measure necrotic core and calcium content in coronary plaques using intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency-based analysis
Although previous intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) radiofrequency-based analysis data showed acceptable reproducibility for plaque composition, measurements are not easily obtained, particularly that of lumen contour, because of the limited IVUS resolution. The purpose of this study was to compare a new measurement method (Shin’s method) and the conventional measurement method for necrotic core and calcium content in atherosclerotic lesions using Virtual Histology-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS). Fifty-seven patients with unstable angina who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention were included. Shin’s method focuses on catheter contour, instead of lumen contour, and vessel contour. Patients ages ranged from 46 to 88 years, and 34 were men. A total of 1,401 frames from 59 culprit lesions were assessed. There were no significant differences in the mean area and volume of necrotic core and dense calcium between the two methods. Correlation coefficients (R) were ≥0.99 for all above mentioned parameters (P < 0.001). Between methods, the absolute differences in mean area and volume of necrotic core were 0.02 ± 0.02 mm² and 0.34 ± 0.29 mm³, respectively, while for mean area and volume of dense calcium, the absolute differences were 0.04 ± 0.07 mm² and 0.36 ± 0.52 mm³, respectively. The reproducibility of Shin’s method was excellent. For area of the necrotic core and dense calcium, the means of the differences between the two measurements were nearly zero, and the reproducibility coefficients were within 1% of the means of the two measurements. Mean analysis time for both measurements was 26.8 ± 6.7 min/segment in the conventional method and 3.3 ± 0.6 min/segment in Shin’s method. Shin’s method for measurement of necrotic core and dense calcium using VH-IVUS demonstrated a good correlation with the conventional method and excellent reproducibility. Also, Shin’s method required a significantly shorter analysis time than the conventional method. Therefore, Shin’s method could replace the conventional method for necrotic core and calcium measurement in atherosclerotic lesions, and it might be useful in the catheterization laboratory for online clinical decision
The importance of the mixed phase in hybrid stars built with the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
We investigate the structure of hybrid stars based on two different
constructions: one is based on the Gibbs condition for phase coexistence and
considers the existence of a mixed phase (MP), and the other is based on the
Maxwell construction and no mixed phase is obtained. The hadron phase is
described by the non-linear Walecka model (NLW) and the quark phase by the
Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model (NJL). We conclude that the masses and radii obtained
are model dependent but not significantly different for both constructions.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, 3 table
Role of the mesoamygdaloid dopamine projection in emotional learning
Amygdala dopamine is crucially involved in the acquisition of Pavlovian associations, as measured via conditioned approach to the location of the unconditioned stimulus (US). However, learning begins before skeletomotor output, so this study assessed whether amygdala dopamine is also involved in earlier 'emotional' learning. A variant of the conditioned reinforcement (CR) procedure was validated where training was restricted to curtail the development of selective conditioned approach to the US location, and effects of amygdala dopamine manipulations before training or later CR testing assessed. Experiment 1a presented a light paired (CS+ group) or unpaired (CS- group) with a US. There were 1, 2 or 10 sessions, 4 trials per session. Then, the US was removed, and two novel levers presented. One lever (CR+) presented the light, and lever pressing was recorded. Experiment 1b also included a tone stimulus. Experiment 2 applied intra-amygdala R(+) 7-OH-DPAT (10 nmol/1.0 A mu l/side) before two training sessions (Experiment 2a) or a CR session (Experiment 2b). For Experiments 1a and 1b, the CS+ group preferred the CR+ lever across all sessions. Conditioned alcove approach during 1 or 2 training sessions or associated CR tests was low and nonspecific. In Experiment 2a, R(+) 7-OH-DPAT before training greatly diminished lever pressing during a subsequent CR test, preferentially on the CR+ lever. For Experiment 2b, R(+) 7-OH-DPAT infusions before the CR test also reduced lever pressing. Manipulations of amygdala dopamine impact the earliest stage of learning in which emotional reactions may be most prevalent
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