Company-level family policies: Who has access to it and what are some of its outcomes

Despite the increase in number of studies that examine the cross-national variation in the policy configuration that allow a better work-family integration, very few look beyond the national levels. It is also crucial to examine occupational level welfare since companies may restrict or expand the existing national level regulations, defining the “final availability” workers actual have towards various arrangements. In addition, companies may provide various additional arrangements through occupational policies which are not set out in the national level agreements that are crucial in addressing reconciliation needs of workers. This chapter examines what types of arrangements are provided at the company level to address work-family demands of workers. It further provides a synthesis of studies that examine both national level contexts and individual level characteristics that explain who gets access to company level family-friendly policies, which is linked to the possible outcomes of these policies

Annales Kinesiologiae

Identifiability problems can be encountered when fitting finite mixture models and their presence should be investigated by model diagnostics. In this paper we propose diagnostic tools to check for identifiability problems based on the fact that they induce multiple (global) modes in the distribution of the parameterizations of the maximum likelihood models depending on the data generating process. The parametric bootstrap is used to approximate this distribution. In order to investigate the presence of multiple (global) modes the congruence between the results of information-based methods based on asymptotic theory and those derived using the models fitted to the bootstrap samples with initalization in the solution as well as random initialization is assessed. The methods are illustrated using a finite mixture of Gaussian regression models on data from a study on spread of viral infection