Characteristics of Bituminous Concrete Mixtures Utilizing Copper Slag

Study work on the effectiveness and use of Industrial by-products (IBP) in flexible pavements is restricted. Several factors however need to be analyzed specifically before a greater proportion of industrial by-products can be used in bituminous concrete mixtures with a high level of confidence. Effects of copper slag on volumetric and strength parameters such as Marshall Parameters, static tensile properties, and moisture resistivity of bituminous concrete mixtures using copper slag as mineral fillers need to be examined and thoroughly analyzed. Quantitative analyses of the elements and the morphology of the copper slag have been studied by Energy Dispersive X-ray Analyzer (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The use of copper slag as a mineral filler in bituminous concrete grade-2 mixtures showed an increase in stability, indirect tensile strength, and moisture resistance compared to traditional mixtures. Keywords— Industrial by-products (IBP), Indirect Tensile Strength, Moisture resistivity, SEM, ED

Laboratory investigations on bituminous concrete mixtures utilizing foundry sand

Foundry sand is a byproduct of the molding industry, produced during the molding and core-making production processes. Sands are reused several times before being discarded. This research work reports the effect of foundry sand (FS) mineral filler (MF) aggregate on characteristics of bituminous concrete grading-2 (BC-2) mixtures and compares the test results with the traditional BC-2 mixtures. The Marshall mixture design method is adopted to assess the optimal bitumen content at 4% air voids for bituminous concrete grading-2 specimens prepared using 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent FSMF (Foundry Sand Mineral Filler) content. Split tensile strength test and water resistivity test were conducted to study the performance characteristics of BC-2 mixes. Laboratory test results showed that by increasing percentage of foundry sand mineral filler (FSMF) aggregate in bituminous grading – 2 mixtures, stability, split tensile strength, and moisture resistance augmented

Evaluation of Road Safety Hazardous Conditions in a Road Network

The paper presents a methodology to evaluate safety hazardous condition in a road network. Poor and delayed maintenance of roads leads to road accidents. Several maintenance components like poor surface condition (pothole, rutting, shoulder drop-off), improper traffic signs, road marking, poor lighting etc. affects road safety. Road maintenance is generally limited to improving carriageway surface condition like filling pothole etc. without replacing missing traffic signs, road marking and other safety features essential for a safe road network. Maintaining the roads in safe condition require huge resources in form of man machine and materials. Thus, Identification and evaluation of maintenance components effects on road safety is very important task for assessing the maintenance needs for improving road safety. Limited studies are available on identification of effects of maintenance components on road safety. A methodology is developed based on the identification of effect of poor maintenance on road safety and by considering inter-relationship between various maintenance components. Also a methodology is developed to evaluate the effects of these components on road safety. It is expected that this study will be useful in assessing the maintenance needs and effectiveness of various maintenance components in improving road safety. Keywords: Road Maintenance, Road Safety, Maintenance Components, Safety Hazardous Conditions

Planning permanent air raid precautions: architecture, air war and the changing perceptions of British cities in the late 1930s

This article considers how the imagination and expectation of future air raids impacted upon the perception of the built environment, and asks how the boundaries between peace and war, and thus military and civilian, began to be dissolved in this context. It examines the interactions between architects, planners and government officials about how the design of cities and buildings might change in an age of air power. By looking at changes and continuities either side of the 1938 Munich crisis, it examines how the civilian space of cities was recast in anticipation of war

Global Trade Impacts: Addressing the Health, Social and Environmental Consequences of Moving International Freight Through Our Communities

Examines freight transportation industry trends; the impact of global trade on workers, the environment, and health in both exporting and importing countries; and organizing strategies and policy innovations for minimizing the damage and ensuring health

Schedule and Condition Responsive Maintenance Strategies for Optimum Utilization of Maintenance Budget

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Urban and rural policies and the climate change issue: the French experience of governance

This article describes and analyses each level of governance relevant to address climate mitigation within France. This refers either to climate policies or to measures adopted for other reasons but which impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The first part describes the French context related to GHG emissions to emphasize the importance of taking into account local specificities when considering the determinants of GHG emissions. The second part analyses the framework of French governance relevant to climate mitigation at the national and at the local levels to emphasize tools at the disposal of local authorities to undertake mitigation actions. The last part describes and analyses actions undertaken in rural and urban areas to show the limits of the current articulation between the central state and decentralized levels of governance regarding climate issues and to propose improvements

Urban and rural policies and the climate change issue: the French experience of governance

This article describes and analyses each level of governance relevant to address climate mitigation within France. This refers either to climate policies or to measures adopted for other reasons but which impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The first part describes the French context related to GHG emissions to emphasize the importance of taking into account local specificities when considering the determinants of GHG emissions. The second part analyses the framework of French governance relevant to climate mitigation at the national and at the local levels to emphasize tools at the disposal of local authorities to undertake mitigation actions. The last part describes and analyses actions undertaken in rural and urban areas to show the limits of the current articulation between the central state and decentralized levels of governance regarding climate issues and to propose improvements.National and local governance; France, climate policies; urban and rural areas; decentralisation

Economic assessment of use of pond ash in pavements

The paper introduces a new type of industrial waste-based subbase material which can replace conventional subbase material (CSM) in pavement construction. Utilisation of this industrial waste, namely pond coal ash produced from a thermal power plant in road construction will help to reduce the disposal problem of this waste and also will help to reduce the problem of scarcity of CSM. Lime and fibre were also added to the pond ash at various percentages to improve the suitability of this type of mix as subbase material. The optimum service life of pavement is studied with the help of numerical modelling and the cost benefit is also presented in the current study. The study reveals that stabilisation of the coal ash with 2% lime may produce an optimal material and, even though a greater thickness may be required to deliver the same pavement performance, direct cost savings of around 10% may be achieved in addition to less easily quantifiable environmental benefits. Design charts are provided to exploit the findings