A genome-wide transcriptome profiling reveals the early molecular events during callus initiation in Arabidopsis multiple organs

AbstractInduction of a pluripotent cell mass termed callus is the first step in an in vitro plant regeneration system, which is required for subsequent regeneration of new organs or whole plants. However, the early molecular mechanism underlying callus initiation is largely elusive. Here, we analyzed the dynamic transcriptome profiling of callus initiation in Arabidopsis aerial and root explants and identified 1342 differentially expressed genes in both explants after incubation on callus-inducing medium. Detailed categorization revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly related to hormone homeostasis and signaling, transcriptional and post transcriptional regulations, protein phosphorelay cascades and DNA- or chromatin-modification. Further characterization showed that overexpression of two transcription factors, HB52 or CRF3, resulted in the callus formation in transgenic plants without exogenous auxin. Therefore, our comprehensive analyses provide some insight into the early molecular regulations during callus initiation and are useful for further identification of the regulators governing callus formation

Danhong Injection Reversed Cardiac Abnormality in Brain–Heart Syndrome via Local and Remote β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling

Ischemic brain injury impacts cardiac dysfunction depending on the part of the brain affected, with a manifestation of irregular blood pressure, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Generally called brain–heart syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine, few mechanistic understanding and treatment options are available at present. We hypothesize that considering the established efficacy for both ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI), Danhong injection (DHI), a multicomponent Chinese patent medicine, may have a dual pharmacological potential for treating the brain–heart syndrome caused by cerebral ischemic stroke through its multi-targeted mechanisms. We investigated the role of DHI in the setting of brain–heart syndrome and determined the mechanism by which it regulates this process. We induced Ischemia/Reperfusion in Wistar rats and administered intravenous dose of DHI twice daily for 14 days. We assessed the neurological state, infarct volume, CT scan, arterial blood pressure, heart rhythm, and the hemodynamics. We harvested the brain and heart tissues for immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses. Our data show that DHI exerts potent anti-stroke effects (infarct volume reduction: ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 vs. vehicle. Neurological deficit correction: ∗p < 0.05 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 vs. vehicle), and effectively reversed the abnormal arterial pressure (∗p < 0.05 vs. vehicle) and heart rhythm (∗∗p < 0.01 vs. vehicle). The phenotype of this brain–heart syndrome is strikingly similar to those of MI model. Quantitative assessment of hemodynamic in cardiac functionality revealed a positive uniformity in the PV-loop after administration with DHI and valsartan in the latter. Immunohistochemistry and western blot results showed the inhibitory effect of DHI on the β-adrenergic pathway as well as protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) (∗∗p < 0.01 vs. model). Our data showed the underlying mechanisms of the brain–heart interaction and offer the first evidence that DHI targets the adrenergic pathway to modulate cardiac function in the setting of brain–heart syndrome. This study has made a novel discovery for proper application of the multi-target DHI and could serve as a therapeutic option in the setting of brain–heart syndrome

Well-dispersed Pd–Sn nanocatalyst anchored on TiO 2 nanosheets with enhanced activity and durability for ethanol electarooxidation

Abstract(#br)Novel Pd 1 -Sn x /TiO 2 nanosheets catalyst with higher activity and durability for ethanol oxidation (EOR) was obtained by NaBH 4 co-reduction method in direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). The electrochemical performance tested under alkaline conditions illustrates that the prepared Pd 1 –Sn 0.6 /TiO 2 NSs catalyst presents outstanding activity (3381 mA mg Pd − 1 ) and excellent CO anti-poisoning ability for EOR. Meanwhile, the residual current density of Pd 1 –Sn 0.6 /TiO 2 NSs nanocatalyst (1207 mA mg Pd − 1 ) is 8.5 times of the Pd/C (JM) catalyst (142 mA mg Pd − 1 ) after the durability test of 5000 s for EOR. Additionally, the Pd 1 -Sn x /TiO 2 nanosheets show prominent electrocatalytic activity in EOR comparison with Pd/TiO 2 nanosheets and Pd–Sn nanocatalysts. Thus, Pd and Sn doped in TiO 2 nanosheets not only display excellent electrocatalytic, but also reduce the cost of Pd, which have some reference value for DEFCs

Enhancement of Er3+ emission from an Er-Si codoped Al 2O3 film by stacking Si-doped Al2O3 sublayers

A multilayer film (multi-film), consisting of alternate Er-Si-codoped Al2O3 (ESA) and Si-doped Al2O3 (SA) sublayers, is synthesized by co-sputtering from separated Er, Si, and Al 2O3 targets. The dependence of Er3+ related photoluminescence (PL) properties on annealing temperatures over 700-1100°C is studied. The maximum intensity of Er3+ photoluminance (PL), about 10 times higher than that of the monolayer film, is obtained from the multi-film annealed at 950°C. The enhancement of Er3+ PL intensity is attributed to the energy transfer from the silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs) to the neighboring Er3+ ions. The effective characteristic interaction distance (or the critical ET length) between Er and carriers (Si-NCs) is ∼3 nm. The PL intensity exhibits a nonmonotonic temperature dependence. Meanwhile, the PL integrated intensity at room temperature is about 30% higher than that at 14 K. © 2011 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd.Peer Reviewe

Existence and uniqueness of the solutions and convergence of semi-implicit Euler methods for stochastic pantograph equations

AbstractIn this paper the sufficient conditions of existence and uniqueness of the solutions for stochastic pantograph equation are given, i.e., the local Lipschitz condition and the linear growth condition. Under the Lipschitz condition and the linear growth condition it is proved that the semi-implicit Euler method is convergence with strong order 12

The Impact Mechanism of Digitalization on Green Innovation of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises: An Empirical Study

With the rapid development of the digital economy, promoting green innovation through digitalization has become an important means for manufacturing enterprises to improve their core competitiveness. However, the existing studies focus more on enterprise green technology innovation than green innovation, and the empirical tests mostly use regional-level data rather than enterprise-level data. This paper empirically examines the impact effect and mechanism of digitalization on green innovation in manufacturing enterprises using a sample of Chinese A-share listed manufacturing enterprises from 2013–2019. It is found that: digitalization significantly promotes the improvement of green innovation level in manufacturing enterprises; digitalization promotes green innovation more prominently in labor-intensive industries and manufacturing enterprises in central China than in capital- or technology-intensive industries and enterprises in eastern China; and digitalization can influence green innovation in manufacturing enterprises through three intermediary channels: promoting enterprise value chain upgrading, empowering industrial structure optimization, and enhancing technological innovation

Semantic Segmentation Using DeepLabv3+ Model for Fabric Defect Detection

Currently, numerous automatic fabric defect detection algorithms have been proposed. Traditional machine vision algorithms that set separate parameters for different textures and defects rely on the manual design of corresponding features to complete the detection. To overcome the limitations of traditional algorithms, deep learning-based correlative algorithms can extract more complex image features and perform better in image classification and object detection. A pixel-level defect segmentation methodology using DeepLabv3+, a classical semantic segmentation network, is proposed in this paper. Based on ResNet-18, ResNet-50 and Mobilenetv2, three DeepLabv3+ networks are constructed, which are trained and tested from data sets produced by capturing or publicizing images. The experimental results show that the performance of three DeepLabv3+ networks is close to one another on the four indicators proposed (Precision, Recall, F1-score and Accuracy), proving them to achieve defect detection and semantic segmentation, which provide new ideas and technical support for fabric defect detection

CO2 Transfer Characteristics of Calcareous Humid Subtropical Forest Soils and Associated Contributions to Carbon Source and Sink in Guilin, Southwest China

In karst landscapes, soil CO2 is a key factor in weathering processes and carbon cycling, where its distribution and migration characteristics directly affect fluxes in carbon source–sink dynamics. We measured the CO2 emission and dissolution rates of carbonate tablets in calcareous soil developed from limestone and red soil developed from clastic rock, in karst and non-karst subtropical forests, in Guilin, southwest China between 2015 and 2018, to analyze their CO2 transfer characteristics and source–sink effects. The results showed similar average soil respiration rates between calcareous soil and red soil, with an average CO2 emission flux of 1305 and 1167 t C km−2 a−1, respectively. Carbonate tablet dissolution rates were bidirectional with increasing depth and were greater in red soil than calcareous soil, averaging 13.88 ± 5.42 and 7.20 ± 2.11 mg cm−2 a−1, respectively. CO2 concentration was bidirectional with increasing soil depth, reaching a maximum at the base of the soil–atmosphere interface (50–60 cm), and the bidirectional gradient was more distinctive in red soil. Change in the carbon isotope value of soil CO2 was also bidirectional in calcareous soils, for which the overall average was 0.87‰ heavier in calcareous than red soil. The carbon sink in calcareous soil in karst regions was estimated to be 11.97 times that of red soil in non-karst regions, whereas its role as a carbon source is just 1.12 times that of red soil, thus indicating the key role of karst soil in the reduction of atmospheric CO2

Electrochemical C-N Coupling on Tri-metallic Mo-embedded Graphdiyne towards Efficient Urea Synthesis

Synthesis of urea by electrochemical C−N coupling is a promising alternative to the conventional approaches. A metal-cluster catalyst generally possesses multi-atomic active sites and can achieve co-adsorption and activation of several species. As a two-dimensional porous material, graphdiyne (GDY) is predicated to be a good substrate for loading a metal cluster. In this study, tri-metallic Mo-embedded graphdiyne (Mo3@GDY) stands out for efficient urea synthesis among several TM3@GDY (TM=Mo, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu), based on density functional theory (DFT) computations. The co-adsorption of side-on N2 and end-on CO on Mo3@GDY is benefit to the formation of the urea precursor *NCON with a negative free energy change (−0.66 eV). The final hydrogenation step is the potential-determining step (PDS) with a medium onset potential (-0.71 V). This work extends the application of GDY and first provides a new approach for the electrochemical synthesis of urea by loading tri-metallic atoms on GDY.</p

Overexpression of AmRosea1 Gene Confers Drought and Salt Tolerance in Rice

Ectopic expression of the MYB transcription factor of AmROSEA1 from Antirrhinum majus has been reported to change anthocyanin and other metabolites in several species. In this study, we found that overexpression of AmRosea1 significantly improved the tolerance of transgenic rice to drought and salinity stresses. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a considerable number of stress-related genes were affected by exogenous AmRosea1 during both drought and salinity stress treatments. These affected genes are involved in stress signal transduction, the hormone signal pathway, ion homeostasis and the enzymes that remove peroxides. This work suggests that the AmRosea1 gene is a potential candidate for genetic engineering of crops