Generative-Discriminative Complementary Learning

Majority of state-of-the-art deep learning methods are discriminative approaches, which model the conditional distribution of labels given inputs features. The success of such approaches heavily depends on high-quality labeled instances, which are not easy to obtain, especially as the number of candidate classes increases. In this paper, we study the complementary learning problem. Unlike ordinary labels, complementary labels are easy to obtain because an annotator only needs to provide a yes/no answer to a randomly chosen candidate class for each instance. We propose a generative-discriminative complementary learning method that estimates the ordinary labels by modeling both the conditional (discriminative) and instance (generative) distributions. Our method, we call Complementary Conditional GAN (CCGAN), improves the accuracy of predicting ordinary labels and can generate high-quality instances in spite of weak supervision. In addition to the extensive empirical studies, we also theoretically show that our model can retrieve the true conditional distribution from the complementarily-labeled data

Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Extracurricular Football Training for Improving Primary Students Physical Fitness

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of after-school football training in improving the physical fitness of primary school students, so as to provide corresponding Suggestions for carrying out after-school football training in primary schools. A total of 72 students from the experimental primary school of Mouping district, Yantai city, Shandong province, participated in this experimental study, including 36 in the experimental group and 36 in the control group.The experiment was conducted for two semesters. During the experiment period, the experimental group conducted one-hour football training after school from Monday to Thursday afternoon every week, and two hours of football training on Saturday morning every week. The control group conducted sports teaching and extracurricular activities as usual without other intervention. Before and after the experiment, both the experimental group and the control group underwent physical fitness tests according to the physical fitness test standards of Chinese students, including lung capacity, 50-meter run, one-minute skipping rope, sitting forward flexor, and one-minute sit-ups. The test results were all converted to the 100-point system according to the scoring standards. Before the experiment, there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in various physical fitness indicators (p \u3e 0.05). After the experiment, the lung capacity score (T = 3.108, p \u3c 0.05), the 50-meter run score (T = 6.593, p \u3c 0.05), the skipping score (T = 9.227, p \u3c 0.05), the sitting forward flexor score (T = 3.742, p \u3c 0.05), and the sit-up score (T = 5.210, p \u3c 0.05) of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group. This study shows that the physical fitness of primary school students can be improved by football training in their spare time. It is suggested to carry out after-school football training activities in primary schools so as to effectively improve the physical fitness of pupils