Contemporary evaluation and treatment of tricuspid regurgitation

Valvular heart disease is a global health burden with substantial mortality. The left-sided valvular diseases have been extensively described using the robust treatment strategies available. By contrast, the right-sided diseases, particularly the tricuspid valve (TV) and associated regurgitation, still have much to be delineated. Worsening tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with increased mortality; the non-invasive management is suboptimal; and surgical approaches carry significant risk. With advances in multimodality imaging, 3D echocardiography, improved understanding of TV anatomy, and pathophysiological mechanisms of primary and secondary regurgitation, as well as favorable data with transcatheter therapies, the field of TV management is rapidly evolving. This review aims to highlight pathophysiological mechanisms of TR, describe echocardiographic approaches to diagnosis and TV interrogation, and outline the latest transcatheter developments

Hybrid Differential Evolution Algorithm Employed for the Optimum Design of a High-Speed PMSM Used for EV Propulsion

International audienceThis paper presents a new optimization approach, based on a hybrid algorithm, used for the design of a new high-speed permanent magnet synchronous machine (HS-PMSM). The HS-PMSM is used for the electromagnetic propulsion system (i.e., the machine will be connected to a magnetic gear) of an electric vehicle. The hybrid optimization algorithm combines two differential evolution methods and a memory mechanism, in order to increase the quality of the algorithm. The evolution of the rotor structure of the HS-PMSM (running at 22 000 r/min) is presented, as well as some aspects of the mechanical risks due to centrifugal forces. The best suited variant will be optimized based on the new optimization approach and the solution will be numerically and experimentally validated

Aryl(trifluoroethyl)iodonium Triflimide and Nitrile Solvent Systems: A Combination for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Armed 1,2-<i>trans</i>-β-Glycosides at Noncryogenic Temperatures

Armed thioglycosides can be activated with aryl­(trifluoroethyl)­iodonium triflimide in 2:1 CH₂Cl₂/pivalonitrile or a solvent combination of CH₂Cl₂, acetonitrile, isobutyronitrile, and pivalonitrile (6:1:1:1) at 0 °C for glycosylation reactions that proceed in good yield and moderate to excellent selectivity (up to 25:1 β/α). Comparison to other common glycosylation promoters reveals that both the mixed solvent and the iodonium salt promoter are required for stereoselectivity

An Air- and Water-Stable Iodonium Salt Promoter for Facile Thioglycoside Activation

The air- and water-stable iodonium salt phenyl­(trifluoro­ethyl)­iodonium triflimide is shown to activate thioglycosides for glycosylation at room temperature. Both armed and disarmed thioglycosides rapidly undergo glycosylation in 68–97% yield. The reaction conditions are mild and do not require strict exclusion of air and moisture. The operational simplicity of the method should allow experimentalists with a limited synthetic background to construct glycosidic linkages

Selective Synthesis of 1,2-<i>cis</i>-α-Glycosides without Directing Groups. Application to Iterative Oligosaccharide Synthesis

A method for the highly selective synthesis of 1,2-<i>cis</i>-α-linked glycosides that does not require the use of the specialized protecting group patterns normally employed to control diastereoselectivity is described. Thioglycoside acceptors can be used, permitting iterative oligosaccharide synthesis. The approach eliminates the need for lengthy syntheses of monosaccharides possessing highly specialized and unconventional protecting group patterns

FLEXICOIL: Flexible Robotized Coils Winding for Electric Machines Manufacturing Industry

Wound coils can are installed in several products (motors, generators, sensors) in order to exploit the electromagnetic effect for a wide range of applications. Small lot sizes and high product flexibility cannot be achieved with conventional winding systems. In fact, highly productive automated winding systems are not flexible enough and manual labor causes high product costs. FLEXICOIL aims at overcoming these drawbacks by developing a collaborative robotic cell for coils winding. We plan three subsequent sets of activities in order to enable the development of a reconfigurable interactive manufacturing cell with learning capabilities. The cell is designed for learning how to wind the coils of several kind of motors already on the market, through a simple teaching interface that can be easily used by operators without specific skills in robotics. The solution proposed by FLEXICOIL is affordable from small-medium enterprises (SMEs) producing small batches of motors and frequently changing product designs, while it could be an additional value for big companies having a market request of several thousand standard units

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European Industrial Doctorate on Next Generation for sustaINable auTomotive ElectRical ACtuaTio