288 research outputs found
Elastic precursor of the transformation from glycolipid-nanotube to -vesicle
By the combination of optical tweezer manipulation and digital video
microscopy, the flexural rigidity of single glycolipid "nano" tubes has been
measured below the transition temperature at which the lipid tubules are
transformed into vesicles. Consequently, we have found a clear reduction of the
rigidity obviously before the transition as temperature increasing. Further
experiments of infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) have suggested a microscopic change of the tube walls,
synchronizing with the precursory softening of the nanotubes.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Full-field fluorescence lifetime dual-comb microscopy using spectral mapping and frequency multiplexing of dual-comb optical beats
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful tool for quantitative fluorescence imaging because fluorescence lifetime is independent of concentration of fluorescent molecules or excitation/detection efficiency and is robust to photobleaching. However, since most FLIMs are based on point-to-point measurements, mechanical scanning of a focal spot is needed for forming an image, which hampers rapid imaging. Here, we demonstrate scan-less full-field FLIM based on a one-to-one correspondence between two-dimensional (2D) image pixels and frequency-multiplexed radio frequency (RF) signals. A vast number of dual-comb optical beats between dual optical frequency combs are effectively adopted for 2D spectral mapping and high-density frequency multiplexing in the RF region. Bimodal images of fluorescence amplitude and lifetime are obtained with high quantitativeness from amplitude and phase spectra of fluorescence RF comb modes without the need for mechanical scanning. The parallelized FLIM will be useful for rapid quantitative fluorescence imaging in life science
A novel fluorescent imaging technique for assessment of cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Yield-scaled global warming potential of two irrigation management systems in a highly productive rice system
The role of steroids in the management of brain metastases: a systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice guideline
Do steroids improve neurologic symptoms in patients with metastatic brain tumors compared to no treatment? If steroids are given, what dose should be used? Comparisons include: (1) steroid therapy versus none. (2) comparison of different doses of steroid therapy.
Target population
These recommendations apply to adults diagnosed with brain metastases.
Recommendations
Steroid therapy versus no steroid therapy
Asymptomatic brain metastases patients without mass effect
Insufficient evidence exists to make a treatment recommendation for this clinical scenario.
Brain metastases patients with mild symptoms related to mass effect
Level 3 Corticosteroids are recommended to provide temporary symptomatic relief of symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure and edema secondary to brain metastases. It is recommended for patients who are symptomatic from metastatic disease to the brain that a starting dose of 4–8 mg/day of dexamethasone be considered.
Brain metastases patients with moderate to severe symptoms related to mass effect
Level 3 Corticosteroids are recommended to provide temporary symptomatic relief of symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure and edema secondary to brain metastases. If patients exhibit severe symptoms consistent with increased intracranial pressure, it is recommended that higher doses such as 16 mg/day or more be considered.
Choice of Steroid
Level 3 If corticosteroids are given, dexamethasone is the best drug choice given the available evidence.
Duration of Corticosteroid Administration
Level 3 Corticosteroids, if given, should be tapered slowly over a 2 week time period, or longer in symptomatic patients, based upon an individualized treatment regimen and a full understanding of the long-term sequelae of corticosteroid therapy.
Given the very limited number of studies (two) which met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review, these are the only recommendations that can be offered based on this methodology. Please see “Discussion” and “Summary” section for additional details
Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate, BiodentineTM and calcium hydroxide on viability, proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth
Multi-Parametric Analysis and Modeling of Relationships between Mitochondrial Morphology and Apoptosis
Mitochondria exist as a network of interconnected organelles undergoing constant fission and fusion. Current approaches to study mitochondrial morphology are limited by low data sampling coupled with manual identification and classification of complex morphological phenotypes. Here we propose an integrated mechanistic and data-driven modeling approach to analyze heterogeneous, quantified datasets and infer relations between mitochondrial morphology and apoptotic events. We initially performed high-content, multi-parametric measurements of mitochondrial morphological, apoptotic, and energetic states by high-resolution imaging of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. Subsequently, decision tree-based analysis was used to automatically classify networked, fragmented, and swollen mitochondrial subpopulations, at the single-cell level and within cell populations. Our results revealed subtle but significant differences in morphology class distributions in response to various apoptotic stimuli. Furthermore, key mitochondrial functional parameters including mitochondrial membrane potential and Bax activation, were measured under matched conditions. Data-driven fuzzy logic modeling was used to explore the non-linear relationships between mitochondrial morphology and apoptotic signaling, combining morphological and functional data as a single model. Modeling results are in accordance with previous studies, where Bax regulates mitochondrial fragmentation, and mitochondrial morphology influences mitochondrial membrane potential. In summary, we established and validated a platform for mitochondrial morphological and functional analysis that can be readily extended with additional datasets. We further discuss the benefits of a flexible systematic approach for elucidating specific and general relationships between mitochondrial morphology and apoptosis
ポップアップアーカイバルタグおよび超音波発信器で調べたエチゼンクラゲの遊泳深度
The swimming depths of 12 individual Nemopilema nomurai with bell diameters of 0.8-1.6 m were investigated using pop-up archival transmitting tags and ultrasonic pingers, and the validity of the research method was evaluated. The N. nomurai studied frequently showed vertical movement, with the swimming depth ranging from 0 to 176 m, The mean swimming depths of most individuals were less than 40 m. The swimming depths of N. nomurai in the northern Japan Sea in the winter were mostly deeper than those of this species in the southern Japan Sea in the autumn. This result suggests that the range of the depths almost depends on the vertical structure of the ocean. Swimming depths during the nighttime were significantly deeper than those during the daytime. More specifically, during the daytime, the swimming depths in the afternoon tended to be shallower than those in the morning, while during the nighttime, the swimming depths after midnight were deeper than those before midnight.エチゼンクラゲ計12個体の遊泳深度をポップアップタグや超音波発信器により調べるとともに,調査手法の妥当性を確認した。エチゼンクラゲは活発な鉛直移動を繰り返していた。遊泳深度は0~176m の範囲で,ほとんどの個体の平均遊泳深度は40m より浅かった。遊泳深度は秋の日本海南部よりも冬の日本海北部の方が深くなる傾向があり,基本的に滞在深度範囲は海洋の鉛直構造に依存していると推測された。遊泳深度は日中よりも夜間の方が深かった。日中には午前より午後の方が浅く,夜間には前半夜よりも後半夜の方が深くなる日周性が確認された
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